Books: 'Autoimmune response'

7

Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy in Autoimmune Disease. Springer, 2007.

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8

Kiehl, Michael G. Immunomodulation with Immunoglobulins for Autoimmune Diseases and Infections. Edited by Michael G. Kiehl. Thieme Medical Publishers, 2002.

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9

Giuliani, Anna Lisa, Alessandra Bortoluzzi, Francesca Oliviero, and Maria Efthymiou, eds. Autoimmune and Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases: Identifying Biomarkers of Response to Therapy with Biologics. Frontiers Media SA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88974-224-0.

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10

Fathman, C. Garrison. Biologic and Gene Therapy of Autoimmune Disease (Current Directions in Autoimmunity). S. Karger AG (Switzerland), 2000.

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11

Haghighi, Afshin Borhani, and Bernadette Kalman. Other Proven and Putative Autoimmune Disorders of the CNS. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0094.

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Behcet’s Disease (BD) is a multiorgan disorder characterized by oral and genital ulceration, uveitis, and dermatological symptoms. BD is most prevalent in the Mediterranean countries and East Asia, but also occurs in Europe and North America. The etiology remains unknown. Evidence suggests that BD is an autoimmune disorder with complex traits. Neuro-Behcet’s Syndome (NBS) develops in about 5% to 30% of patients with BD and presents with parenchymal or nonparenchymal pathology. The course of NBS is highly variable. Treatment strategies include modulations of the immune response and tissue degen

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12

Fassò, Marcella. Analysis of the CD4⁺ T cell immune response in vivo using CD4 up-regulation as an activation marker: Normal versus autoimmune peripheral CD4⁺ T cell response development. 1999.

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13

Lawrenson, John. Pathogenesis: from acute rheumatic fever to rheumatic heart disease. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0280.

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Rheumatic heart disease is considered to be an autoimmune disease; the trigger of the process is a streptococcal throat infection which then initiates both a humeral and a cellular immune response in environmentally and genetically susceptible individuals.

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14

Parkes, Joanna E., Simon Rothwell, and Janine A. Lamb. Aetiology and pathogenesis. Edited by Hector Chinoy and Robert Cooper. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754121.003.0003.

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The aetiology and pathogenesis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) is poorly understood; IIM are thought to result from exposure to environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals. Both innate and adaptive immune responses are involved in IIM, and there is increasing evidence that non-inflammatory mechanisms play an important role in disease pathology. Several environmental risk factors, including infectious agents, ultraviolet radiation, cigarette smoking, and exposure to statins, have been implicated. Genetic studies have identified the major histocompatibility complex a

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15

Miller, Aaron E., and Teresa M. DeAngelis. Autoimmune Limbic Encephalitis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199732920.003.0028.

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Limbic encephalitides can pose a diagnostic challenge in patients presenting with encephalopathy and seizures. Autoimmune etiologies can be either paraneoplastic or nonparaneoplastic. We discuss the approach to a patient with limbic encephalitis in this chapter and review proposed diagnostic criteria, the many antineuronal autoantibodies and respective neoplasms, as well as respective clinical outcomes and therapeutic responses.

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16

Eljaafari, Assia, and Pierre Miossec. Cellular side of acquired immunity (T cells). Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0049.

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The adaptive T-cell response represents the most sophisticated component of the immune response. Foreign invaders are recognized first by cells of the innate immune system. This leads to a rapid and non-specific inflammatory response, followed by induction of the adaptive and specific immune response. Different adaptive responses can be promoted, depending on the predominant effector cells that are involved, which themselves depend on the microbial/antigen stimuli. As examples, Th1 cells contribute to cell-mediated immunity against intracellular pathogens, Th2 cells protect against parasites,

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17

Engels, Eric A., and Allan Hildesheim. Immunologic Factors. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0025.

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The immune response is a highly complex system that has developed to protect individuals from morbidity and mortality induced by exogenous exposures, including infections. As summarized in this chapter, alterations in the immune response, whether due to immunosuppressive or immune stimulatory effects, have important consequences with respect to cancer risk. Individuals with inherited immunological defects, acquired immunological deficiencies, chronic unresolved infections, and autoimmune conditions are at considerably increased risk for multiple cancers, suggesting an important role for the im

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18

Greenberg, Benjamin M., and Allen Desena. Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0089.

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Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that can be fatal or lead to long-term disability. Various triggers have been identified in children and adults, which presumably cause an autoimmune response targeting myelin. The resulting inflammation causes demyelination and edema of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. Depending on which portion of the CNS is affected, patients will experience a variety of symptoms including weakness, numbness, ataxia, encephalopathy, and seizures. Treatment is currently focused on reducing

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19

Teng, Y. K. O., Charles Dickson Pusey, Augusto Vaglio, Cees Van Kooten, and Chi Chiu Mok, eds. Monitoring Immune Responses in Renal Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases. Frontiers Media SA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88971-381-3.

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20

Tyndall, Alan, and Jacob M. van Laar. Stem cell therapies. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0085.

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Since the start of the international project in 1997, over 1500 patients have received a haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), mostly autologous, as treatment for a severe autoimmune disease, with overall 85% 5-year survival and 43% progression-free survival. Around 30% of patients in all disease subgroups had a complete response, often durable despite full immune reconstitution. In many cases, e.g. systemic sclerosis, morphological improvement such as reduction of skin collagen and normalization of microvasculature was documented, beyond any predicted known effects of intense immunosupp

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21

Tyndall, Alan, and Jacob M. van Laar. Stem cell therapies. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0085_update_003.

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Since the start of the international project in 1997, over 2000 patients have received a haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), mostly autologous, as treatment for a severe autoimmune disease, with overall 85% 5-year survival and 43% progression-free survival. Around 30% of patients in all disease subgroups had a complete response, often durable despite full immune reconstitution. In many cases, e.g. systemic sclerosis, morphological improvement such as reduction of skin collagen and normalization of microvasculature was documented, beyond any predicted known effects of intense immunosupp

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22

Immune system disorders sourcebook: Basic consumer health information about disorders of the immune system, including immune system function and response, diagnosis of immune disorders, information about inherited immune disease, acquired immune disease, and autoimmune diseases ... 2nd ed. Omnigraphics, 2005.

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23

Flanagan, Eoin P., and Richard J. Caselli. Other Proven and Putative Autoimmune Disorders of the CNS. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0093.

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The historical term “Hashimoto’s encephalopathy” describes a serologically diverse spectrum of autoimmune encephalopathies that tend to be highly steroid responsive and unassociated with cancer. Patients typically present with subacute cognitive decline and serological evidence of autoimmunity that includes but is not limited to thyroid antibodies. An inflammatory spinal fluid and, in a subset of patients, MRI signal abnormalities are supportive. Patients often respond promptly to corticosteroids but relapses are typical. The continued discovery of novel neural-specific-autoantibodies such as

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24

Martino, Davide, and Gavin Giovannoni. Poststreptococcal Movement Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0095.

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The spectrum of “poststreptococcal” movement disorders and other behavioral abnormalities has expaanded and the array of neuropsychiatric features associated with rheumatic fever (RF) has been broadened. However, it is difficult to establish a causal link between Group A Streptococcus (GAS) and neuropsychiatric symptoms beyond RF, which has fuelled a long-lasting, and still unsolved, debate as to whether putative “poststreptococcal” disorders such as the PANDAS (Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infection) phenotype are distinct entities or not. This

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25

Karim, Mohammed Yousuf, Ioannis Parodis, and Savino Sciascia, eds. Clinical, Molecular and Adverse Responses to B Cell Therapies in Autoimmune Disease. Frontiers Media SA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88976-692-5.

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26

Woywodt, Alexander, and Diana Chiu. Drug-induced and toxic glomerulopathies. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0082.

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Glomerulopathies induced by particular exogenous compounds or molecules include those attributable to toxicity, and those caused by inducing an immune or autoimmune response. Tubules are more commonly the target of toxicity as they absorb and concentrate components of filtrate. Damage to endothelial cells may account for thrombotic microangiopathy in response to calcineurin inhibitors. Endothelial cells are also likely to be the target in drug-induced small vessel vasculitis. Toxicity to podocytes accounts for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis caused by pamidronate and other agents. Chloroqui

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27

Huang, Fang-Ping, ed. Autoimmuno-Anti-Tumour Immunity (AATI) – Understanding the Immune Responses against “Self” & “Altered-self”. Frontiers Media SA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88945-190-6.

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28

van der Vlag, Johan, and Jo H. M. Berden. The patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Edited by Giuseppe Remuzzi. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0161.

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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease with various clinical manifestations. The hallmark of SLE is the presence of antibodies against nuclear constituents, such as double-stranded (ds)DNA, histones, and nucleosomes. Local deposition of antinuclear antibodies in complex with nuclear autoantigens induces serious inflammatory conditions that can affect several tissues and organs, including the kidney.The levels of antinucleosome and anti-dsDNA antibodies seem to correlate with glomerulonephritis and these autoantibodies can often be detected years before the patient

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29

Straub, Rainer H. Neuroendocrine system. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0022.

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Endocrine abnormalities are very common in patients with chronic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (CARDs) due to the systemic involvement of the central nervous system and endocrine glands. In recent years, the response of the endocrine (and also neuronal) system to peripheral inflammation has been linked to overall energy regulation of the diseased body and bioenergetics of immune cells. In CARDs, hormonal and neuronal pathways are outstandingly important in partitioning energy-rich fuels from muscle, brain, and fat tissue to the activated immune system. Neuroendocrine regulation of fuel allocat

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30

Straub, Rainer H. Neuroendocrine system. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0022_update_002.

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Endocrine abnormalities are very common in patients with chronic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (CARDs) due to the systemic involvement of the central nervous system and endocrine glands. In recent years, the response of the endocrine (and also neuronal) system to peripheral inflammation has been linked to overall energy regulation of the diseased body and bioenergetics of immune cells. In CARDs, hormonal and neuronal pathways are outstandingly important in partitioning energy-rich fuels from muscle, brain, and fat tissue to the activated immune system. Neuroendocrine regulation of fuel allocat

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31

Straub, Rainer H. Neuroendocrine system. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0022_update_003.

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Endocrine abnormalities are very common in patients with chronic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (CARDs) due to the systemic involvement of the central nervous system and endocrine glands. In recent years, the response of the endocrine (and also neuronal) system to peripheral inflammation has been linked to overall energy regulation of the diseased body and bioenergetics of immune cells. In CARDs, hormonal and neuronal pathways are outstandingly important in partitioning energy-rich fuels from muscle, brain, and fat tissue to the activated immune system. Neuroendocrine regulation of fuel allocat

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32

van Assen, Sander, and Marc Bijl. Vaccination in immunocompromised adults. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0094.

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This chapter addresses all important questions regarding vaccination of patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRD). First, the incidence of vaccine-preventable infections in these patients is discussed. Pulmonary infections, including influenza and pneumococcal infection, occur more often in AIIRD patients; herpes zoster and human papillomavirus are also more frequent. The efficacy of vaccination for all European registered vaccines is discussed. Treatment with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biologicals (in particular TNFα‎-blocking agents) do not ham

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33

Yurdakul, Sebahattin, Emire Seyahi, and Hasan Yazici. Behçet’s syndrome. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0135.

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Behçet's syndrome is a systemic inflammatory panvasculitis (affecting all sizes of vessels) of unknown aetiology. It is in vogue to include it among the systemic autoinflammatory conditions. Behçet's syndrome is more frequent along the ancient 'Silk Route' across Asia than it is in Western countries. The usual onset is the second or third decade, equally affecting either gender. However, young patients and male patients have more severe disease. Almost all patients have recurrent oral ulceration. Scar-forming genital ulcers, a variety of skin lesions including acneiform, erythema nodosum-like

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34

Mills, Gary H. Pulmonary disease and anaesthesia. Edited by Philip M. Hopkins. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0082.

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Respiratory adverse events are the commonest complications after anaesthesia and have profound implications for the recovery of the patient and their subsequent health. Outcome prediction related to respiratory disease and complications is vital when determining the risk:benefit balance of surgery and providing informed consent. Surgery produces an inflammatory response and pain, which affects the respiratory system. Anaesthesia produces atelectasis, decreases the drive to breathe, and causes muscle weakness. As the respiratory system ages, closing capacity increases and airway closure becomes

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35

Jenney, Colin, and Angela Liegey Dougall. Immune System Functioning and Mental Health. Edited by Sara Maltzman. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199739134.013.45.

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During the past few decades, research from multiple disciplines has elucidated the profound connections between the immune system and mental health. This chapter provides a review of this literature, placing emphasis on the connections between inflammation and cytokines, and stress, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and social support. Additionally, brief overviews of the role of the natural immune system and adaptive immunity, as well as past research investigating stress are included. Further attention is focused on the physical health consequences o

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36

Reddy, Ugan, and Nicholas Hirsch. Diagnosis, assessment, and management of myasthenia gravis and paramyasthenic syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0244.

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Diseases that affect the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) interfere with normal nerve transmission and cause weakness of voluntary muscles. The two most commonly encountered are acquired myasthenia gravis (MG) and the Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS). Acquired MG is an autoimmune disease in which antibodies are directed towards receptors at the NMJ. In 85% of patients, IgG antibodies against the postsynaptic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) are found (seropositive MG). The thymus gland appears to be involved in the production of these which cause an increase rate of degradation of AChR result

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37

Forsyth, Rob, and Richard Newton. Specific conditions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784449.003.0004.

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This chapter adopts a systematic approach to common diagnoses in paediatric neurology, aetiologies, management to include investigation and treatment, and outcome. For each condition current knowledge on cause and underlying biology is summarized. A rational approach to investigation and treatment is summarized for each topic. These include: acquired brain injury; autoimmune and autoinflammatory disease of the CNS; cerebral palsy and neurodisability which covers feeding, communication, special senses, and respiratory disease; demyelinating disease; epilepsy including its impact on daily life;

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38

Muche, Marion, and Seema Baid-Agrawal. Hepatitis B. Edited by Vivekanand Jha. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0185_update_001.

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been causally linked to a variety of renal diseases, the most common being glomerular diseases and systemic autoimmune disease. Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the commonest HBV-associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN), followed by membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, immunoglobulin (Ig)-A nephropathy, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Polyarteritis nodosa is a rare manifestation. The incidence of HBV-associated renal diseases seems to be decreasing with the introduction of vaccination programmes.HBV-

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39

Watson, Louise, and Michael W. Beresford. Paediatric-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0119.

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Paediatric or juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) is a rare autoimmune condition, differing from the adult form in terms of severity, organ manifestations, and a less striking female predominance. The diagnosis relies on the adult-derived American College of Rheumatology SLE classification criteria. Genetic, autoantibody, and host immune responses, characteristic of this disease, result in a clinically heterogeneous phenotype. A proportion of paediatric SLE patients will have evidence of a genetic deficiency known to be associated with SLE, such as C1q deficiency, and screening

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40

Brüne, Martin, and Wulf Schiefenhövel, eds. Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198789666.001.0001.

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Medicine is grounded in the natural sciences, among which biology stands out with regard to the understanding of human physiology and conditions that cause dysfunction. Ironically, evolutionary biology is a relatively disregarded field. One reason for this omission is that evolution is deemed a slow process. Indeed, macroanatomical features of our species have changed very little in the last 300,000 years. A more detailed look, however, reveals that novel ecological contingencies, partly in relation to cultural evolution, have brought about subtle changes pertaining to metabolism and immunolog

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41

Noris, Marina, and Tim Goodship. The patient with haemolytic uraemic syndrome/thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Edited by Giuseppe Remuzzi. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0174.

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The patient who presents with microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and evidence of acute kidney injury presents a diagnostic and management challenge. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) are two of the conditions that frequently present with this triad. They are characterized by low platelet count with normal or near-normal coagulation tests, anaemia, and signs of intravascular red cell fragmentation on blood films, and high LDH levels.HUS associated with shiga-like toxins produced usually by E.coli (typically O157 strains) may occu

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Books on the topic 'Autoimmune response'

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