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Journal articles on the topic 'Benzene – Synthesis'

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1

Maraval, Valérie, Remi Chauvin, Kévin Cocq, Cécile Barthes, and Arnaud Rives. "Synthesis of Functional Carbo-benzenes with Functional Properties: The C2 Tether Key." Synlett 30, no. 01 (2018): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610269.

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Beyond demonstration of conceptual relevance and synthetic feasibility of aryl/alkyl-substituted representatives, carbo-benzene molecules started to gain prospects of broader impact through the emergence of alkynyl derivatives. This is first illustrated by examples of di- and hexaalkynyl-carbo-benzenes, a carbo-naphthalene, a carbo-biphenyl, and two carbo-terphenyls. A focus is then given to dialkynyl derivatives by reference to the peripherally C2-extruded parents. In the centro­symmetric quadrupolar series, the C2 expansion or ethynylogation effect is more particularly considered for 9H-fluo
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2

Zhu, Tingshun, Ke Xu, and Ziyuan Wang. "N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Organocatalyzed Arene Formation: Application in Atroposelective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Benzenes." Synlett 31, no. 10 (2020): 925–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690814.

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In recent decades, organocatalysis by N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) has emerged as a versatile and powerful method in organic synthesis. As a result of the power of NHC organocatalysis to produce cyclic compounds, polysubstituted benzenes, which are among the most important cyclic compounds in organic chemistry, can be synthesized efficiently and selectively. This article briefly summarizes the history of NHC organocatalysis, including recent developments in benzene-formation methods, and highlights our recent work in atroposelective arene formation by carbene-catalyzed formal [4+2] cyclo­add
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3

Ajenjo, Javier, Martin Greenhall, Camillo Zarantonello, and Petr Beier. "Synthesis and nucleophilic aromatic substitution of 3-fluoro-5-nitro-1-(pentafluorosulfanyl)benzene." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 12 (February 3, 2016): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.12.21.

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3-Fluoro-5-nitro-1-(pentafluorosulfanyl)benzene was prepared by three different ways: as a byproduct of direct fluorination of 1,2-bis(3-nitrophenyl)disulfane, by direct fluorination of 4-nitro-1-(pentafluorosulfanyl)benzene, and by fluorodenitration of 3,5-dinitro-1-(pentafluorosulfanyl)benzene. The title compound was subjected to a nucleophilic aromatic substitution of the fluorine atom with oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen nucleophiles affording novel (pentafluorosulfanyl)benzenes with 3,5-disubstitution pattern. Vicarious nucleophilic substitution of the title compound with carbon, oxygen, and
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4

Iakobson, George, Junyi Du, Alexandra M. Z. Slawin, and Petr Beier. "Pyridine-promoted dediazoniation of aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates: Application to the synthesis of SF5-substituted phenylboronic esters and iodobenzenes." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 11 (August 26, 2015): 1494–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.11.162.

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Pyridine promotes dediazoniation of aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates. The formed aryl radicals were trapped with B2pin2, iodine, or tetrahydrofuran to afford boronic esters, iodobenzenes and benzenes, respectively. The application to the synthesis of (pentafluorosulfanyl)phenylboronic esters, iodo(pentafluorosulfanyl)benzenes and (pentafluorosulfanyl)benzene is shown.
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5

Hocek, Michal, Irena G. Stará, Ivo Starý, and Hana Dvořáková. "Covalent Analogues of DNA Base-Pairs and Triplets IV. Synthesis of Trisubstituted Benzenes Bearing Purine and/or Pyrimidine Rings by Cyclotrimerization of 6-Ethynylpurines and/or 5-Ethynyl-1,3-dimethyluracil." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 67, no. 8 (2002): 1223–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20021223.

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Ni-Catalyzed cyclotrimerizations of 6-ethynylpurines 3 or 5-ethynyl-1,3-dimethyluracil (4) afforded the 1,2,4-tris(purin-6-yl)benzenes 7 or 1,2,4-tris(1,3-dimetyhyluracil-5-yl)benzene (9), respectively. The symmetrical 1,3,5-tris(purin-6-yl)benzenes 8 were also formed as minor products in very low yields. Co-cyclotrimerization of 9-benzyl-6-ethynylpurine (3a) with 4 afforded the tris(purinyl)benzene 7a as a major product along with 1,2-bis(9-benzylpurin-6-yl)-4-(1,3-dimethyluracil-5-yl)benzene (10) and a complex mixture of other derivatives and isomers. Compounds 7-10 are analogues of Hoogstee
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6

Shimizu, Tomoe, Takayuki Maeda, Katsuhiro Hida, and Takehiko Yamato. "Synthesis and conformational studies of 9-methoxy- and 9-methyl-2,11-dithia[3.3]metacyclophanes." Journal of Chemical Research 2009, no. 8 (2009): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823409x12474221035244.

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A series of 9-methoxy- and 9-methyl-2,11-dithia[3.3]metacyclophanes are obtained by the coupling reaction of the corresponding 1,3-bis(bromomethyl)benzenes and bis(sulfanylmethyl)benzenes in ethanol under the high dilution conditions. The conformational studies of 2,11-dithia[3.3]metacyclophanes as well as the ring current interactions derived from benzene ring are also described.
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7

Donchak, Volodymyr, and Khrystyna Harhay. "Synthesis of fluorinated polystyrene." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 2, no. 1 (2008): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht02.01.011.

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Acylation of polystyrene with trifluoroacetic anhydride in a solution of aprotonic solvents, namely 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene at the presence of Lewis acid as catalyst results in obtaining of fluorinated polystyrene, which posses trifluoroacetic fragments in benzoic rings, preferably in position 4. In order to achieve a total substitution of benzene rings in polystyrene macromolecules, the ratio polystyrene : trifluoroacetic anhydride : AlCl3 must be at least 1:10:2.2 mol correspondingly
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8

Zhao, Long, Wenchao Lu, Musahid Ahmed, et al. "Gas-phase synthesis of benzene via the propargyl radical self-reaction." Science Advances 7, no. 21 (2021): eabf0360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf0360.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been invoked in fundamental molecular mass growth processes in our galaxy. We provide compelling evidence of the formation of the very first ringed aromatic and building block of PAHs—benzene—via the self-recombination of two resonantly stabilized propargyl (C3H3) radicals in dilute environments using isomer-selective synchrotron-based mass spectrometry coupled to theoretical calculations. Along with benzene, three other structural isomers (1,5-hexadiyne, fulvene, and 2-ethynyl-1,3-butadiene) and o-benzyne are detected, and their branching ratios ar
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9

Zou, Chunhai, Christine Lepetit, Yannick Coppel, and Remi Chauvin. "Ring carbo-mers: From questionable homoaromaticity to bench aromaticity." Pure and Applied Chemistry 78, no. 4 (2006): 791–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200678040791.

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The title journey is undertaken at the levels of both theory and experiment. Since 1983, homoaromaticity has been shown to play at most a minor role in the stability of Scott's [N]pericyclyne hydrocarbons - the first ring carbo-mers of cycloalkanes. This statement has been systematically refined for N = 3-6 by using both classical theoretical tools and newly designed tools based on electron localization function (ELF) analysis. The compatibility of the [5]- and [6]-pericyclyne cores with vertex functionalities was established by the synthesis of 20 oxy (carbo-cyclitol) derivatives. The stereoi
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10

Ran, Ningqing, David R. Knop, K. M. Draths, and J. W. Frost. "Benzene-Free Synthesis of Hydroquinone." Journal of the American Chemical Society 123, no. 44 (2001): 10927–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja016460p.

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11

Gibson, James M., Phillip S. Thomas, Joshua D. Thomas, et al. "Benzene-Free Synthesis of Phenol." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 40, no. 10 (2001): 1945–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20010518)40:10<1945::aid-anie1945>3.0.co;2-5.

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12

Gibson, James M., Phillip S. Thomas, Joshua D. Thomas, et al. "Benzene-Free Synthesis of Phenol." Angewandte Chemie 113, no. 10 (2001): 1999–2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3757(20010518)113:10<1999::aid-ange1999>3.0.co;2-a.

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13

Durie, Alastair J., Alexandra M. Z. Slawin, Tomas Lebl та David O'Hagan. "The Synthesis of η-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexafluorocyclohexane (Benzene Hexafluoride) from Benzene". Angewandte Chemie International Edition 51, № 40 (2012): 10086–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201205577.

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14

Durie, Alastair J., Alexandra M. Z. Slawin, Tomas Lebl та David O'Hagan. "The Synthesis of η-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexafluorocyclohexane (Benzene Hexafluoride) from Benzene". Angewandte Chemie 124, № 40 (2012): 10233–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201205577.

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15

Heindl, Andreas H., and Hermann A. Wegner. "Starazo triple switches – synthesis of unsymmetrical 1,3,5-tris(arylazo)benzenes." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 16 (January 3, 2020): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.16.4.

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Multistate switches allow to drastically increase the information storage capacity and complexity of smart materials. In this context, unsymmetrical 1,3,5-tris(arylazo)benzenes – ‘starazos’ – which merge three photoswitches on one benzene ring, were successfully prepared. Two different synthetic strategies, one based on Baeyer–Mills reactions and the other based on Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions of arylhydrazides and aryl halides, followed by oxidation, were investigated. The Pd-catalyzed route efficiently led to the target compounds, unsymmetrical tris(arylazo)benzenes. These triple switches
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16

Guo, Yang Zhen, Dong Mei She, Jun Ning, and Xiang Dong Mei. "Synthesis and Spectral Analysis of Benzene-d6." Advanced Materials Research 1061-1062 (December 2014): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1061-1062.301.

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The new method for synthesis of Benzene-d6 was discovered. In this process, [Cp*PMe3IrH3][OTf] was used as the catalyst at H/D exchange reaction between benzene and deuterium oxide. The prepared method was in an overall yield of 20% and chemical purity of 99.7%. The product contained stable isotopes at 98% enrichment. The MS spectra, 13C NMR, IR between benzene and benzene-d6 were discussed.
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17

Li, Ling Bo, Wen Sheng Li, Yang Qun Ren, and Xiao Ping Zhou. "Bromine-Mediated Phenol Synthesis from Benzene." Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (November 2011): 817–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.817.

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Phenol was synthesized from the hydroxylation of bromobenzene, which was prapared by reacting benzene with bromine. In the benzene bromination reaction, HZSM-5 (Si/Al = 400/1) was found to be a stable catalyst, which catalyzed the stoichiometric reaction of benzene with bromine. More than 90% of bromobenzene selectivity was reached over HZSM-5 and the byproduct was dibromobenzenes. In the second reaction, bromobenzene reacted with a cataloreactant to form metal bromide and phenol. This is a catalytic as well as stoichiometric reaction between bromobenzene and the metal oxide. It was found that
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18

Tajima, Tomoyuki, Takahiro Sasamori, Nobuhiro Takeda, Norihiro Tokitoh, Ken Yoshida, and Masaru Nakahara. "Synthesis of Bis(germacyclopropa)benzenes and Structures of Their Annelated Benzene Rings." Organometallics 25, no. 1 (2006): 230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om0507629.

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19

Ali, Md Eaqub, Md Motiar Rahman, and Sharifah Bee Abd Hamid. "Nanoclustered Gold: A Promising Green Catalysts for the Oxidation of Alkyl Substituted Benzenes." Advanced Materials Research 925 (April 2014): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.925.38.

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Catalytic oxidation of alkyl substituted benzenes is an essential route for the synthesis of a number of important chemicals, perfumes, drugs and pharmaceuticals. The oxidation products of ethyl benzene are important precursors for a wide range of pharmaceuticals and synthetic materials. Acetophenone and 1-phenylethanol are two oxidation products of ethyl benzene which are the precursors of optically active alcohol, benzalacetophanones, hydrazones and so on. However, the oxidations of alkyl substituted benzenes have been remaining a challenging task. This is because of the limitations of an ap
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20

Lesbayev, B. Т. "Synthesis of Nanomaterials in a Coaxial Flame." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 22, no. 3 (2020): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj977.

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The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the synthesis of fullerenes C60 in a coaxial flame of benzene and acetylene at low pressures; of the synthesis of graphene in a coaxial flame of ethanol and propane, benzene, and acetylene; of the soot formation process in the coaxial flame of propane and ethanol. It has been established that the optimum temperature of a coaxial flame for the formation of fullerenes C60 is 970‒1000 °C with the carbon to oxygen ratio in the internal benzene-oxygen flame C/O ≈ 0.9 ÷ 1. The C/O ratio in an external acetylene-oxygen flame was maintained at
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21

Niu, W., K. M. Draths, and J. W. Frost. "Benzene-Free Synthesis of Adipic Acid." Biotechnology Progress 18, no. 2 (2002): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp010179x.

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22

Elwahy, Ahmed H. M., and Klaus Hafner. "Synthesis of novel benzene bridged polyalkynylazulenes." Tetrahedron Letters 41, no. 21 (2000): 4079–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)00577-3.

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23

Ando, Akira, Takuichi Miki, and Itsumaro Kumadaki. "Synthesis of (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzene derivatives." Journal of Organic Chemistry 53, no. 15 (1988): 3637–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00250a049.

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24

Zitz, Rainer, Judith Baumgartner, and Christoph Marschner. "Synthesis of Potassium Oligosilanides in Benzene." European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2018, no. 20-21 (2018): 2380–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201800099.

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25

Trivedi, Dinesh Chandra, and Shankaran Srinivasan. "Electrochemical synthesis of benzene—naphthalene copolymer." Journal of Materials Science Letters 8, no. 6 (1989): 709–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01730451.

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26

Crimmin, Mark R. "Benzene rings broken for chemical synthesis." Nature 597, no. 7874 (2021): 33–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-02322-y.

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27

Smagulova, G. T., B. B. Kaidar, N. Yesbolov, N. G. Prikhodko, and N. R. Maxumzhanova. "Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes from Benzene in a Fluidised Bed Reactor." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 22, no. 3 (2020): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj982.

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The paper presents the results of carbon nanotubes synthesis from benzene in fluidised bed reactor. Al2O3 spheres with iron and nickel nanoparticles coating were used as a catalyst for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes. To deposit nickel nanoparticles on the surface of Al2O3 spheres, the method of solution combustion was used. Optimum temperature conditions and gas flow rates were worked out for each of the catalysts. It was found that the best efficiency in the synthesis of carbon nanotubes from benzene is shown by catalysts based on aluminium oxide coated with iron. The obtained carbon nanot
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28

Lengkeek, Nigel A., Ramiz A. Boulos, Allan J. McKinley, Thomas V. Riley, Boris Martinac, and Scott G. Stewart. "The Synthesis of Fluorescent DNA Intercalator Precursors through Efficient Multiple Heck Reactions." Australian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 3 (2011): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch10374.

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A highly efficient synthesis of p-carboethoxy-tristyryl and carboethoxy-terastyrenyl benzene derivatives through a multiple Heck cross coupling reaction is reported. This reaction provides an efficient route to DNA intercalator precursors containing a benzene core.
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29

Boyd, Derek R., Narain D. Sharma, Nuria M. Llamas, Colin R. O'Dowd, and Christopher C. R. Allen. "Chemoenzymatic synthesis of the trans-dihydrodiol isomers of monosubstituted benzenes viaanti-benzene dioxides." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 4, no. 11 (2006): 2208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b603928f.

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30

Eastoe, C. J., Austin Long, Charles S. Tucek, and A. J. T. Jull. "The 14C Content of Lithium Metal Used in Benzene Synthesis." Radiocarbon 39, no. 3 (1997): 343–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200053303.

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The lithium reagent used in the synthesis of benzene for 14C dating contributes insignificant 14C in high-precision measurements on 7 g benzene samples. Blank experiments on three different batches of lithium yielded small amounts of carbon, most of which probably originated as “memory” in the reaction vessel.
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31

Niwa, Nazuki, Saki Shimizu, Yusuke Maeda, Hidekazu Hiroak, and Yoshihito Ueno. "Benzene-glycol nucleic acid (BGNA)–DNA chimeras: synthesis, binding properties, and ability to elicit human RNase H activity." RSC Advances 7, no. 41 (2017): 25378–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra03896h.

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This paper describes the synthesis and properties of benzene-glycol nucleic acid (BGNA)–DNA chimeras containing four nucleoside analogs – thymidine, cytidine, adenosine, and guanosine – with a base-benzene-glycol structure.
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32

Ohkita, Masakazu, Chihaya Adachi, Miki Kawano, and Takanori Suzuki. "Synthesis and Characterization of Hexakis(4-pyridylethynyl)benzene and Hexakis(5-pyrimidylethynyl)benzene." HETEROCYCLES 63, no. 7 (2004): 1537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-04-10073.

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33

Okada, Keiji, Tadashi Sugawa, and Masaji Oda. "Synthesis and properties of 1,3,5-tris(dimesitylboryl)benzene and 1,3-bis(dimesitylboryl)benzene." Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, no. 1 (1992): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39920000074.

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34

Burgos, Alain, and George J. Ellames. "Synthesis of disodium [benzene-U-14C]-(4-chlorophenylthio)methylenediphosphonate, [benzene-U-14C]-tiludronate." Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals 36, no. 11 (1995): 1071–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlcr.2580361107.

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35

Atwood, D. A., J. Delcamp, and M. K. Zaman. "Synthesis of 1,3-bis(4,5-dihydrothiazole) benzene." Main Group Chemistry 5, no. 2 (2006): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10241220600888350.

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36

Johnson, Carl R., Joseph P. Adams, and Mark A. Collins. "Synthesis of (+)- and (–)-methyl shikimate from benzene." J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, no. 1 (1993): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/p19930000001.

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37

Janvier, Pierre, Hugues Bienaymé, and Jieping Zhu. "A Five-Component Synthesis of Hexasubstituted Benzene." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 41, no. 22 (2002): 4291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20021115)41:22<4291::aid-anie4291>3.0.co;2-d.

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38

Gostevskaya, V. I., G. M. Gavrilova, A. V. Afonin, and S. V. Amosova. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Hexakis(vinylthio)benzene." ChemInform 32, no. 41 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200141123.

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39

Bradshaw, Jerald S., and Krzysztof E. Krakowiak. "Facile synthesis of benzene-bridged azaoxamacrobicyclic ligands." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 35, no. 3 (1998): 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570350305.

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40

Mahmoodi, Nosrat O., and Nezam Hajati. "Trisannelated Benzene Synthesis by Copper(II) Chloride." Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society 49, no. 1 (2002): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jccs.200200015.

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41

Strømgaard, Kristian, and Anders Bach. "Expedient Synthesis of 1,3-Substituted Benzene Peptidomimetics." Synthesis 2011, no. 05 (2011): 807–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1258425.

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42

Dolbier, William R., Jian-Xin Duan, and Xiao X. Rong. "Efficient synthesis of p-bis-(chlorodifluoromethyl)benzene." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 128, no. 10 (2007): 1091–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluchem.2007.05.007.

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43

Lee, Helen T., Annette M. Travalent, and Peter W. K. Woo. "Synthesis of 1,3,5-trimethoxy[1-14C]benzene." Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals 28, no. 10 (1990): 1143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlcr.2580281006.

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44

Song, Juan, Hao Wu, Wei Sun, et al. "A Pd-catalyzed optional approach for the synthesis of dibenzothiophenes." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 16, no. 12 (2018): 2083–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ob00235e.

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A direct and practical approach for the construction of DBTs was developed via a Pd-catalyzed tandem reaction, in which commercially available o-bromo-iodobenzenes combined with benzene thiols or iodobenzenes combined with o-bromo-benzene thiols were applied.
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45

Becker-Heidmann, Peter, Achim Hiller, and Jörg Hofmann. "Influence of Chromium Endowment and Surface Area of Silica-Alumina Catalysts and of Reaction Conditions on Benzene Synthesis." Radiocarbon 37, no. 2 (1995): 717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200031258.

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Radiocarbon laboratories using liquid scintillation counting depend on the availability of a catalyst for benzene synthesis. One of the two commonly used is a commercially available chromium-activated silica-alumina catalyst, PKN/D1. As this catalyst will no longer be produced, we have tested similar catalysts as possible replacements. We measured benzene purity by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, and found that chromium endowment was crucial for a proper catalyst function. The surface area of the catalyst also significantly affected benzene yield and purity. We also studied the effec
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46

Saha, Subrata, Md Eaqub Ali, Azman Maamor, and Wan Jeffery Basirun. "Design and Synthesis of Silica Supported Nanoporous Gold-Palladium Bimetallic Catalyst for Alkyl Benzene Oxidation." Advanced Materials Research 1109 (June 2015): 444–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1109.444.

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Gold palladium (Au-Pd) bimetallic catalysts are very promising for various reactions including oxidative catalysis. Mesoporous silica supported Au-Pd catalysts have large surface area, controlled hydrophobi and file-cities and are thus highly efficient for the oxidation of alkyl benzene to selective products. Alkyl Benzene oxidation is important for the productions of drugs, perfumes, polymers, insecticides and pesticides. Unfortunately, the efficient oxidation of alkyl benzene has been remaining a challenging task due to lack of suitable catalysts. Functionalized mesoporous silica with ordere
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47

Liu, Gui Ling, Xin Xia, and Qing Bin Wu. "Research on Adsorption Material for Organic Solvent Floating on the Water." Advanced Materials Research 322 (August 2011): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.322.267.

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Based on short of effective disposal measure for organic solvent leakage, this paper developed a kind of styrene-divinybenzene copolymer that can absorb massive organic solvent such as benzene on the water, and it contains a great deal of benzene ring, has good hydrophobic and lipophilic property, what’s more, it has lower density than water and thus floating on the water before and after adsorption, easily separating from water, so it is a kind of perfect adsorption material of organic solvent like benzene at leakage case on the river. Besides, this paper discussed synthesis temperature, feed
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48

Makarova, Elena A., Semyon V. Dudkin, and Evgeny A. Lukyanets. "An efficient synthesis of metal-free tetraazachlorinsviaindium complexes." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 17, no. 08n09 (2013): 785–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424613500338.

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An efficient synthetic route for the preparation of benzene or 1,2-naphthalene fused and phenyl substituted metal-free tetraazachlorins with yields up to 40% was developed using In ( III ) as a removable template. New substituted tribenzotetraazachlorins derivatives with tert-butyl and phenylsulfanyl groups in β and α position of fused benzene rings, correspondingly, were synthesized by novel approach and their spectral properties were investigated.
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49

Enerson, T. B., Herbert Haas, Kaveh Zarrabi, and R. L. Titus. "Comparison of Vanadium Oxide Catalysts for Synthesis of Benzene: Benzene Purity, Yields and Reconditioning Methods." Radiocarbon 40, no. 1 (1997): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200018014.

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This study compares vanadium oxide catalysts from three different sources: Noakes (N), Harshaw Chemical (H) and Kh. Arslanov at the St. Petersburg State University, Russia (R). The catalysts are used to convert acetylene to benzene in the last step of benzene synthesis. The organic purity of benzene in all three catalysts is high; 99.91–99.93% for (N) and (H) and 99.87% for (R). The benzene yields range from 90.0 to 94.3%. (N) averaged 92.6%, (H) averaged 91.1% and (R) averaged 92.0%. A conversion residue in the catalysts was analyzed for δ13C and found to be isotopically lighter relative to a
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50

Fisher, Lawrence E., and Joan M. Caroon. "Regiospecific Synthesis of Certain 1,2,3,4-Tetrasubstituted Benzenes in One Step via a Benzene Cyclization." Synthetic Communications 19, no. 1-2 (1989): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397918908050974.

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