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Journal articles on the topic 'Centralized and decentralized corruption'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Kochnev, R. Yu, L. I. Polishchuk, and A. Yu Rubin. "Corruption as “one‑stop‑shop”: theory and empirical analysis." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 9 (September 28, 2018): 32–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2018-9-32-51.

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We present the comparative analysis of the impact of centralized and decentralized corruption for private sector. Theory and empirical evidence point out to a “double jeopardy” of decentralized corruption which increases the burden of corruption upon private firms and weakens the incentives of bureaucracy to provide public production inputs, such as infrastructure. These outcomes are produced by simultaneous free-riding and the tragedy of the commons effects. The empirical part of the paper utilizes data of the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance project.

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2

Abdallah, Sherief, Rasha Sayed, Iyad Rahwan, et al. "Corruption drives the emergence of civil society." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 93 (2014): 20131044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.1044.

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Centralized sanctioning institutions have been shown to emerge naturally through social learning, displace all other forms of punishment and lead to stable cooperation. However, this result provokes a number of questions. If centralized sanctioning is so successful, then why do many highly authoritarian states suffer from low levels of cooperation? Why do states with high levels of public good provision tend to rely more on citizen-driven peer punishment? Here, we consider how corruption influences the evolution of cooperation and punishment. Our model shows that the effectiveness of centraliz

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Bernabel, Rodolpho. "Federal Democracy in the Laboratory: Power Decentralization and Democratic Incentives Against Corruption." Political Science Research and Methods 6, no. 1 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2016.17.

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In this paper I borrow Roger Myerson’s game-theoretic model on incentives for the success of democracy, adapt the model to an experimental setting, derive testable predictions from it, and test those predictions in the laboratory. Results show that (i) corrupt leaders are replaced more often in federal democracies than in centralized ones; (ii) in the centralized case subjects converged to an equilibrium in which leaders act responsively and are reelected; (iii) honest presidents are reelected at the same rate in both institutional designs, and (iv) the president acted less responsively in the

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4

Liu, Mingyu. "Nature of new power of supervision and judicial supervision." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University, no. 2 (April 10, 2020): 173–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2020.66.2.173-191.

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The article provides an overview of the reform of the surveillance system in the People’s Republic of China. The establishment of the supervisory commission is conducive to the integration and optimization of anticorruption forces and building up a centralized, unified, authoritative and efficient supervision system. However, the anti-corruption mechanism has also moved towards centralized from decentralized, and the mixture of powers with diﬀerent natures has increased risks and uncertainties in the process of supervision. On the one hand, the balance of legal powers among state organs is tou

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Aboelazm, Karem Sayed, and Attia Afandy. "Centralization and decentralization of public procurement." Journal of Advances in Management Research 16, no. 3 (2019): 262–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jamr-05-2018-0049.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present and analyze the different concepts of centralized and decentralized procurement methods; identify the advantages and disadvantages of each method and the two methods of public procurement applied in the Arab Republic of Egypt in an attempt to overcome the disadvantages of the Egyptian system; and introduce a new framework for government procurement in Egypt. Design/methodology/approach The descriptive approach was used in the framework of the presentation and analysis of the concepts of centralized public procurement and decentralized public proc

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Maureen, Ifeanyi Akazue, Elizabeth Yoro Rume, Ogheneovo Malasowe Bridget, Nwankwo Obinna, and Adimabua Ojugo Arnold. "Improved services traceability and management of a food value chain using block-chain network: a case of Nigeria." Improved services traceability and management of a food value chain using block-chain network: a case of Nigeria 29, no. 3 (2023): 1623–33. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i3.pp1623-1633.

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Competitive asset markets and increased globalization have continued to ripple the food value chain with complex dynamics, which has led to a range of challenges such as food safety and quality, traceability, and overall supply chain inefficiency. These have further continued to endanger the general well-being of society. With rice as a staple food in Nigeria, the rice food supply value chain consists of a series of tasks, processes, and activities that are linked together from freshly harvested products to consumer demand and supply. Study advances the SmartRice, a sensor-based block-chain fr

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Padmini.K, Devishree G. Anusha P. Adithya K. "LAND REGISTRATION USING BLOCKCHAIN." International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering 11, no. 5 (2024): 107–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10517534.

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Land registration authorities frequently face criticism for alleged mismanagement and manipulation of land records across various nations. Pakistan, in particular, grapples with a heightened susceptibility to falsification and corruption in its property records due to economic challenges. This vulnerability results in conflicting claims of authority over specific parcels of land. The consolidation of this data further exacerbates the susceptibility to security threats.Efforts in decentralized system research aim to enhance the reliability of land registration systems. To address the shortcomin

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Fred, Omweri Siambe, and Thomas Otieno Juma Dr. "Bureaucratic Corruption on Devolved Units on Hard - Core Infrastructural Service Delivery: Case of Lake Region Economic Block, Kenya." American Based Research Journal 11, no. 05 (2022): 01–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7019913.

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<em>The interest in devolving government services arose from the bottlenecks posed by hitherto centralized governments where bureaucracy among regime holders became in excess to undo its merits in service delivery but to a greater extent evolving into bureaucratic corruption on premium projects – infrastructure. This paper asks whether infrastructural service delivery will suffice in the bigger Lake Region Economic Block (LREB) when cases of corruption have been repeatedly associated to the devolved units as they are now. The study was aided by three objectives centering on the nature, t

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Ifeanyi Akazue, Maureen, Rume Elizabeth Yoro, Bridget Ogheneovo Malasowe, Obinna Nwankwo, and Arnold Arnold Ojugo. "Improved services traceability and management of a food value chain using block-chain network: a case of Nigeria." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 29, no. 3 (2023): 1623. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i3.pp1623-1633.

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<span lang="EN-US">Competitive asset markets and increased globalization have continued to ripple the food value chain with complex dynamics, which has led to a range of challenges such as food safety and quality, traceability, and overall supply chain inefficiency. These have further continued to endanger the general well-being of society. With rice as a staple food in Nigeria, the rice food supply value chain consists of a series of tasks, processes, and activities that are linked together from freshly harvested products to consumer demand and supply. Study advances the SmartRice, a se

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Mitropan, Tetyana Konstantinovna. "CONSIDERATION OF MODELS AND MECHANISMS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF PROCUREMENT OF GOODS, WORKS AND SERVICES IN CONSTRUCTION IN UKRAINE." UKRAINIAN ASSEMBLY OF DOCTORS OF SCIENCES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 1, no. 13 (2018): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/vadnd.v1i13.141.

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The article presents the questions of reviewing models and mechanisms of public administration in the procurement of goods, works and services in the field of construction. A comparative analysis of the types of public procurement mechanisms in construction, based on a set of features, has shown the superiority of a centralized type of mechanism that facilitates the introduction of efficient and flexible procurement methods, for example, the conclusion of framework agreements. The author’s vision of the mechanism of state building purchases, in the form of a conceptual model and system differe

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Jothi J, Amala. "A Blockchain-Based Decentralized Marketplace for Farmers." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 04 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem45063.

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This research presents a blockchain-based decentralized marketplace designed to address critical challenges in data management and supply chain transparency within the agricultural sector. Traditional agricultural systems typically rely on centralized databases, which are prone to inefficiencies, corruption, and data tampering. The proposed blockchain solution aims to mitigate these issues by securely recording agricultural yield data on an immutable ledger, eliminating the need for intermediaries and enhancing data integrity. This system ensures that only authorized government agencies have a

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Zou, Hailiang, Guoyou Qi, Xuemei Xie, and Xiaohua Meng. "Examining the Contingency Value of Certification on Regulatory Burden in a Transitional Economy." Business & Society 59, no. 3 (2017): 489–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0007650317726078.

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In transitional economies, the governing central authorities impose heavy regulatory burdens on firms, which results in great costs for business in terms of time, resources, and other constraints. However, quality assurance through decentralized institutions (such as private certified management standards) is rapidly becoming more prevalent. This study examines the contingent implications that such decentralized institutions have for centralized regulation by focusing on the relationship between international certifications and regulatory burdens. As two prominent features of the institutional

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Hemanthakumar, Kayyuri, and Dr D. Vivekananda Reddy. "Study of Blockchain Technology in Farmers Portal." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 3 (2025): 1819–25. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.67659.

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Abstract: The agricultural sector faces significant challenges due to inefficiencies in supply chains, lack of transparency, and the absence of direct connections between farmers and buyers. These issues contribute to reduced farmer incomes and compromise product quality. Additionally, concerns regarding food safety, corruption, and traceability in globalized agricultural production highlight the need for a secure and efficient system. To address these challenges, this study explores the integration of blockchain technology into a web-based platform that enhances agricultural farmers portal tr

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Mondal, Pratyush. "Blockchain-Driven Aid Distribution: Enhancing Humanitarian Assistance Through Decentralized Validation in Conflict Zones." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 06 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem50790.

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Blockchain technology, originally developed for cryptocurrencies, has evolved into a powerful tool for enhancing humanitarian aid distribution in conflict zones, where traditional centralized systems frequently fail due to corruption, inefficiencies, and trust deficits. This research presents an integrated framework leveraging blockchain’s immutable ledger, advanced cryptographic security, and decentralized consensus, alongside smart contract automation to ensure tamper-proof records and secure, real-time tracking of aid. The system incorporates biometric identity verification and zero-knowled

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Deokar, Mrs Anuradha. "A Secure and Transparent Voting System using Blockchain Technology." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 11 (2024): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.64927.

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Blockchain-based voting systems present a transformative approach to resolving the limitations found in conventional voting methods. Traditional electoral processes frequently suffer from issues like vote manipulation, fraud, uncertainty, and inefficiencies in vote counting. By leveraging the decentralized nature of blockchain technology, these challenges can be mitigated, creating a secure, unchangeable, and transparent platform for vote recording and tallying. Once a vote is registered on the blockchain, it becomes unalterable, safeguarding election results against any form of tampering or e

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16

Knight, John. "The Societal Cost of China's Rapid Economic Growth." Asian Economic Papers 15, no. 2 (2016): 138–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00435.

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In China, political control is centralized and economic management is decentralized. This gives rise to a serious principal–agent problem, in which the agents are often better informed than the principal. China also has a semi-marketized economy involving much state intervention. This intervention serves both a political and an economic function. It enables the Communist Party to remain in political command and generates formidable patronage resources. It also provides the policy instruments, including incentive structures for officialdom, to maintain a “developmental state.” The combination o

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17

Mwanang’ono, Mulambwa. "Incentivising Effective Indigenous Ecosystem Restoration Practices: A Synopsis of Perceptual Approaches to Local Climate Action in the Barotse Cultural Landscape." Asian Journal of Geographical Research 7, no. 4 (2024): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajgr/2024/v7i4246.

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The study was premised on a generic hypothesis that attributes the status quo vis-à-vis increasing ecosystem degradation to communities’ stage-managed negligence fueled by the state’s decision about sixty years ago to start incentivising, unsustainably though, previously voluntary environmental consciousness and associated actions by the communities. Rural livelihoods are generally threatened by climate impacts, particularly for agrarian and pastoralist communities, like the study area. Although extreme weather events have always been there, the frequency of their occurrence has risen and the

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18

HUAN, WEI, A. S. MELNIKOV, and A. V. KOLESNIKOV. "SPECIFICS OF PURCHASING MANAGEMENT IN CONDITIONS OF TOTAL DIGITALIZATION." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 3, no. 5 (2021): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.05.03.015.

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The purpose of the article is to determine the specifics of purchasing management in conditions of total digitalization. Based on the synthesis of concepts and research trends, activities in the management of pro-curement of material resources are identified, which contribute to the effective activities of business entities, digitalization priorities and effects in the procurement process. The article summarizes the advantages, ad-vantages and disadvantages of centralized, decentralized and mixed models of the organization of the pro-curement management system, taking into account the timing,

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Garvit Chutani, Saras Garg, Tushar Arora and Sakshi Jh. "Blockchain for Improved Water Resource Management." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 9, no. 01 (2023): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst0901009.

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One of the main issues over the ages has been the lack of water. The water supply networks are now being affected by the increased deployment of IOT technology and devices. The development of a trustworthy, auditable, and transparent traceable system like Blockchain is the product of creative research. Blockchain, a distributed ledger technology, introduces a fresh, creative strategy for the development of centralized, distrust-free systems. The use of blockchain technology eliminates corruption since it can keep track of every transaction. Blockchain has built-in capabilities for fault tolera

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Baranov, Alexey, Egor Malkov, Leonid Polishchuk, Michael Rochlitz, and Georgiy Syunyaev. "How (not) to measure Russian regional institutions." Russian Journal of Economics 1, no. (2) (2015): 154–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ruje.2015.11.005.

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The paper explores various measures of institutional quality in Russian regions, and compares those measures to each other. Such analysis leads to the conclusion that Russian regional institutions are essentially multidimensional, and therefore comparisons of Russian regions in terms of their overall institutional quality could be problematic. New institutional indices are derived from Russian enterprise surveys held under the BEEPS project of the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development. Such indices yield a typology of Russian regions in terms of efficacy of regional administrations'

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21

Jlil, Manal, Kaoutar Jouti, and Chakir Loqman. "Blockchain and smart contracts based system for criminal record management." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 37, no. 1 (2025): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v37.i1.pp365-379.

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Reducing crime rate in a country is the most important concern of developing robust systems to automate the criminal record-obtaining process. Generally, the criminal record is managed manually, which makes the information collection from other criminal records very difficult. Therefore, investigations that could be carried out using criminal records to understand the purpose of crime and countering it are outdated. However, the integrity, security, and traceability of data exchange, especially for the judicial sector are the most frequent issues faced by information systems of public organiza

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Sleeba, Mathew C., Ahamad Aamish, P. Pratham S. Shetty K, Sushmitha, and Poojary Vishwanath. "Efficient Data Retrieval in Agriculture Product using Blockchain and Supply Chain Techniques." Research and Reviews: Advancement in Robotics 6, no. 2 (2023): 11–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7898244.

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<em>The globalization of manufacturing and agriculture has brought renewed attention to the importance of health, efficiency, and validation in the food and agricultural supply chain. This has led to a significant increase in the number of food safety and corruption hazards, highlighting the need for efficient traceability solutions that serve as essential quality management tools to ensure product safety. Blockchain technology has emerged as a revolutionary method for commodity traceability in agriculture and food supply chains. Given the complex nature of today's agricultural supply chai

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Sarkar, Amin U. "Political Economy of Sustainable Development in Bangladesh." Journal of Bangladesh Studies 4, no. 2 (2002): 24–37. https://doi.org/10.1163/27715086-00402005.

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Although Bangladesh has had a glorious past, it is one of the most underdeveloped countries in the world. It is lagging far behind its neighbors in terms of the human development index. This paper attempts to identify the major causes of underdevelopment, analyzes policy options in view of principles of sustainable economic growth and development, and recommends education reform as the number one choice that is politically feasible. Continuation and strengthening of the highly centralized colonial administrative and educational system; state owned corporations of commerce, finance and industry

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Manal, Jlil Kaoutar Jouti Chakir Loqman. "Blockchain and smart contracts based system for criminal record management." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 37, no. 1 (2025): 365–79. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v37.i1.pp365-379.

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Reducing crime rate in a country is the most important concern of developing robust systems to automate the criminal record-obtaining process. Generally, the criminal record is managed manually, which makes the information collection from other criminal records very difficult. Therefore, investigations that could be carried out using criminal records to understand the purpose of crime and countering it are outdated. However, the integrity, security, and traceability of data exchange, especially for the judicial sector are the most frequent issues faced by information systems of public organiza

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Shi, Jihui, Solomon Kwadwo Nyedu Danquah, and Wanhao Dong. "A Novel Block Chain Method for Urban Digitization Governance in Birth Registration Field: A Case Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (2022): 9309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159309.

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Even though digitization is widely recognized as one of the most imperative trends in achieving effective urban governance, digital infrastructure remains far from the global trend in many African countries. This paper proposes a novel, resilient data manipulation architecture model called the Birth Notification Verification Model (BNVM) using blockchain and smart contracts. The proposed solution was evaluated in a real-world use case scenario in Ghana. The model, which is based on the Ten Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) Framework, focuses on the initial inputs for birth registr

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Munyede, Paradzai, and Jephias Mapuva. "Exploring Public Procurement Reforms in Rural Local Authorities in Zimbabwe." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 10, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v10i1.15156.

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It has been noted that prior to the introduction of public procurement reforms, Zimbabwe’s procurement system was centralised, vulnerable to corruption, inefficient and bureaucratic. In 2018, the new decentralized public procurement reforms were introduced to address the shortcomings of the previous procurement regime by giving procurement powers to procuring entities. The aim of this paper is to highlight the implications of the reforms in implementation by rural local authorities in Zimbabwe. This paper adopted a qualitative research design with desktop approach being used to review related

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Boyko, A., T. Dotscenko, and Yu Dolia. "PATTERNS OF FINANCIAL CRIMES USING CRYPTOCURRENCIES." Socio-economic relations in the digital society 2, no. 44 (2022): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.55643/ser.2.44.2022.454.

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The cryptocurrency market is rapidly gaining momentum and is becoming an alternative financial platform to the traditional financial trading market. Currently, cryptocurrency is of particular interest to criminals to make illegal profits, such as money laundering, terrorist financing, financing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, corruption. The main purpose of the study is to identify information signs that indicate the implementation of illegal financial transactions using cryptocurrencies. Empirical (observation, description) and theoretical (grouping, synthesis, abstraction)

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Ahmadi, Ramazan, and Chman Ali HİKMAT. "The Fall of the Republic Government in Afghanistan and the Current Taliban Rule: A Survey of Public Attitudes." Research in Social Sciences and Technology 8, no. 4 (2023): 172–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.46303/ressat.2023.38.

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This paper represents one of the most recent and pertinent studies conducted in Afghanistan, aiming to address the societal imperative of comprehending the factors behind the fall of the Republic government and the subsequent rise of the Taliban to power. Furthermore, the paper seeks to analyse public attitudes towards the current situation. Employing a quantitative approach, the research utilizes a descriptive-analytical method through questionnaires and the participants include social media activist, students and universities professors, the data collected by online survey according WhatsApp

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Sidiqullah, Sahel. "Failure of Democracy in Afghanistan: An Introspection of its Internal Reasons and Lessons for future prospects." Kardan Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (KJSSH) 5, no. 2 (2022): 26–40. https://doi.org/10.31841/KJSSH-5.2-2022-54.

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<em>Post-9/11 incident the Taliban rule ended in Afghanistan and a democratic government was established through the Bonn conference in December 2001. The conference was held with the active intervention of the US and the UN, which distributed the power amongst different ethnic groups of the country, followed by the promulgation of a democratic constitution in 2004 by the “Loya Jirga” in Kabul. The new constitution proclaimed Afghanistan as a sovereign, Islamic Republic-where the state’s legitimacy would be achieved through a universal adult franchise, and the state would ens

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MISHCHENKO, Volodymyr, Svitlana NAUMENKOVA, and Svitlana MISHCHENKO. "Central bank digital currency: the future of institutional changes in the banking sector." Fìnansi Ukraïni 2021, no. 2 (2021): 26–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33763/finukr2021.02.026.

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The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence and features of the introduction of digital currency of central banks and their impact on the conditions of monetary policy, financial stability, as well as institutional transformations in the development of national banking systems. The study is based on an analysis of projects of issuance and use of digital currencies of the ECB and central banks of leading countries, as well as the results of pilot projects of the National Bank of China on the use of the digital yuan and NBU on the e-hryvnia circulation. It is proved that digital currency

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Алюнова, Т. И., Н. Ю. Басик, Н. А. Булаева, et al. "Management of procurement activities of the state organization carrying out educational activities: specifics, mechanisms, support." Management of Education, no. 1(41) (May 23, 2021): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.25726/o7320-0018-9821-t.

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Контрактная система в сфере закупок, как совокупность участников контрактной системы в сфере закупок и осуществляемых ими операций, направленных на обеспечение государственных и муниципальных нужд, внесла кардинальные изменения в содержание управления государственными закупками, результатом которых стала необходимость пересмотра отдельных аспектов устоявшихся управленческих механизмов, внедрения новых методов и инструментов анализа системы управления (технологических, управленческих, экономических и организационных), предназначенных для обеспечения интересов общества и государства. Посредством

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Фоменко, М. Б. "ТРАНСАКЦИОННЫЕ ИЗДЕРЖКИ В ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОМ СЕКТОРЕ: СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ РОССИИ, КИТАЯ И БРАЗИЛИИ". Vestnik of Rostov state University (RINH) 32, № 1 (2025): 222–32. https://doi.org/10.54220/v.rsue.1991-0533.2025.89.1.022.

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Введение. Трансакционные издержки в государственном секторе являются важным фактором, влияющим на эффективность управления. В данной статье рассматриваются особенности формирования этих издержек в России, Китае и Бразилии. Автор анализирует институциональные и технологические аспекты, определяющие уровень издержек, а также механизмы их минимизации. Материалы и методы. Исследование основано на сравнительном анализе государственной системы управления в трех странах. В качестве ключевых параметров рассматриваются бюрократические процессы, уровень координации между ведомствами, степень цифровизаци

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Gaskell, Jennifer, and Gerry Stoker. "Centralized or Decentralized." Democratic Theory 7, no. 2 (2020): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/dt.2020.070205.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating effects across the world, yet different countries have had varying degrees of success in their attempts to manage it. One of the reasons behind the different outcomes observed so far lies in the strengths and weaknesses of different governance arrangements leveraged to tackle the crisis. In this article we examine what we can learn about the operational capacity of different democracies through their early responses to the crisis. We provide a framework of four positive qualities of multilevel governance that might lead to greater chances of positive p

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Mishchenko, Volodymyr, and Svitlana Naumenkova. "THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL CURRENCY ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF MONETARY POLICY." Three Seas Economic Journal 2, no. 4 (2021): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5150/2021-4-8.

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The purpose of the paper is to study the specifics of the organization of issue and circulation of digital money by central banks, to summarize existing global expe-rience and assess the potential impact of digital currencies on the conditions of monetary policy, the functioning of the mechanism of money transmission and ensuring financial stability through the implementation of sound decisions of cen-tral banks in the digitalization of finance. Methodology. The study is based on an analysis of the scientific literature and points of view of foreign and domestic ex-perts in the field of digita

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Kuhon, Richard Richy. "DECENTRALISATION AND EDUCATION FOR ALL IN INDONESIA." Polyglot: Jurnal Ilmiah 16, no. 1 (2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.19166/pji.v16i1.1996.

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The discourse on decentralisation in developing countries is seen as a strategy in restructuring and improving economic, social and public welfare including the education sector. This idea is fundamentally in line with the goals of Education for All (EFA). The experience of Indonesia that had shifted from a strongly centralised system to a decentralised one in the early 2000s provides an interesting case. This article argues that the current decentralised system in education has seen an insignificant effect in achieving EFA. Through an extensive literature study, this article draws attention t

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Wood, Charles Cresson. "Centralized and decentralized staff." Computer Fraud & Security Bulletin 1992, no. 8 (1992): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-0496(09)90103-5.

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Beviá, Carmen, and Luis C. Corchón. "Centralized vs decentralized contests." Economics Letters 137 (December 2015): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2015.10.022.

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Luther, William J., and Sean Stein Smith. "Is Bitcoin a decentralized payment mechanism?" Journal of Institutional Economics 16, no. 4 (2020): 433–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137420000107.

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AbstractWe make a distinction between centralized, decentralized, and distributed payment mechanisms. A centralized payment mechanism processes a transaction using a trusted third party. A decentralized payment mechanism processes a transaction between the parties to the transaction. A distributed payment mechanism relies on the network of users to process a transaction on a shared ledger. We maintain that bitcoin is neither a centralized nor a decentralized payment mechanism. It is, instead, a distributed payment mechanism. We then consider decentralized and centralized aspects of the broader

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Kharel, Aswasthama Bhakta, and Abinav Acharya. "Centralized and Decentralized Federal System: A Comparative Analysis of Governance Structures and Policy Implementation." Interdisciplinary Journal of Management and Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijmss.v4i2.57187.

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A comparative analysis of centralized and decentralized federal systems with the exploration of their governance structures and the implications for policy implementation is conducted in this research. Centralized and decentralized systems with their attributes are studied and critically analyzed. By examining case studies from various countries, the research seeks to shed light on the strengths and weaknesses of each system and identify the factors that contribute to its effectiveness. The paper also delves into the distribution of powers, decision-making processes, fiscal arrangements, and t

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Malamud, Semyon, and Marzena Rostek. "Decentralized Exchange." American Economic Review 107, no. 11 (2017): 3320–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20140759.

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Most assets are traded in multiple interconnected trading venues. This paper develops an equilibrium model of decentralized markets that accommodates general market structures with coexisting exchanges. Decentralized markets can allocate risk among traders with different risk preferences more efficiently, thus realizing gains from trade that cannot be reproduced in centralized markets. Market decentralization always increases price impact. Yet, markets in which assets are traded in multiple exchanges, whether they are disjoint or intermediated, can give higher welfare than the centralized mark

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Liu, Yanfeng, Deze Hu, Xi Luo, and Ting Mu. "Design Optimization of Centralized–Decentralized Hybrid Solar Heating System Based on Building Clustering." Energies 15, no. 3 (2022): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15031019.

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Clean heating has not been widely applied in rural Chinese areas. Considering the abundance of solar energy resources, harvesting solar energy for heating can be an effective solution to the problem of space heating in most rural areas. As the disperse building distribution in rural areas makes it difficult to implement centralized heating on a large scale, deploying centralized–decentralized hybrid solar heating system can achieve the best result from both the technical and economic perspectives. Taking a virtual village in Tibet as an example, this paper explores how to obtain optimal design

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Tymoshchuk, Viktor. "On decentralization of powers to provide administrative services." Yearly journal of scientific articles “Pravova derzhava”, no. 32 (2021): 366–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/0869-2491-2021-32-366-376.

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Introduction. The formation of public administration in Ukraine is simultaneously influenced by many factors. These are both the service view of the state and the development of the doctrine of administrative services, and the implementation of decentralization reform, in particular the consolidation of territorial communities, as well as digitalization. In this context, it becomes an urgent task to assess the effectiveness of policy on decentralization of powers, its positives, risks, prospects. Aim of the article. The purpose of the article is to study the issue of decentralization of powers

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Von Maravic, Patrick. "Decentralized Corruption in Germany¹." Public Administration Quarterly 30, no. 4 (2007): 440–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073491490703000403.

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This article focuses on the link between administrative reform and decentralized corruption in German municipalities. It argues on the basis of survey findings, that the decentralization process of public service delivery from core administration to public enterprises during the last years has not only resulted in a shift of administrative authority, personnel and financial resources to newly established public enterprises but also in a shift towards decentralized corruption. Findings show that the perceived quantity of decentralized corruption is as high as bureaucratic corruption. In the cou

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Pearce-Oroz, Glenn. "The viability of decentralized water and sanitation provision in developing countries: the case of Honduras." Water Policy 8, no. 1 (2006): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2006.0003.

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The sustainable delivery of basic services continues to be an elusive goal for water and sanitation operators in developing countries. In Honduras, both centralized and decentralized providers of water and sanitation coexist simultaneously, providing an opportunity to compare the effectiveness of each approach amid similar constraints. This analysis uses ten variables that measure access, efficiency and sustainability, in comparing the experiences of 16 potable water systems in small- and medium-sized cities, operated by centralized and decentralized water authorities. While neither approach p

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Bhide, Shweta Mahesh, and Aditya Kumar Bhargava. "To Study Centralized Versus Decentralized Hospital Pharmacy Model, Sawangi (M), Wardha”- A Study Protocol." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (2022): 18123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.18123ecst.

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Background – Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital’s Pharmacy is a decentralized pharmacy which performs both patient oriented and product oriented approach. The medicines dispensed to the patients are selected merely on the quality of product and the manufacturer, no substandard medicines are kept in AVBRH pharmacy and the patient are treated with high quality medicines. Objectives To observe the working of decentralized pharmacy in AVBRH. To observe the working of centralized pharmacy. To observe the drug delivery system of decentralized and centralized pharmacy. To compare centralized and dec

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Nabilou, Hossein. "How to regulate bitcoin? Decentralized regulation for a decentralized cryptocurrency." International Journal of Law and Information Technology 27, no. 3 (2019): 266–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaz008.

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Abstract Bitcoin is a distributed system. The dilemma it poses to the legal systems is that it is hardly possible to regulate a distributed network in a centralized fashion, as decentralized cryptocurrencies are antithetical to the existing centralized structure of monetary and financial regulation. This article proposes a more nuanced policy recommendation for regulatory intervention in the cryptocurrency ecosystem, which relies on a decentralized regulatory architecture built upon the existing regulatory infrastructure and makes use of the existing and emerging middlemen. It argues that inst

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Brown, Duncan. "Centralized Control or Decentralized Diversity." Compensation & Benefits Review 25, no. 5 (1993): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088636879302500507.

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Robinson, E. A. E. "Centralized or Decentralized: Philosophical Considerations." Vox Sanguinis 74, S2 (1998): 535–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1423-0410.1998.tb05471.x.

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Kim, Yun Jung, and Jing Zhang. "Decentralized borrowing and centralized default." Journal of International Economics 88, no. 1 (2012): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2012.02.005.

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Orion, Marylin. "The centralized-decentralized research model." New Directions for Community Colleges 1990, no. 72 (1990): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cc.36819907207.

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