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Journal articles on the topic 'Children with fluent speech'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Runyan, Charles M., and Sara Elizabeth Runyan. "A Fluency Rules Therapy Program for Young Children in the Public Schools." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 17, no. 4 (1986): 276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.1704.276.

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This article presents a "fluency rules" therapy program designed specifically for young children who stutter. This treatment program, which consists of seven rules for fluent speech production, was developed and pilot tested in a public school environment. Preliminary results based on nine children indicate that the Fluency Rules Program is effective in producing fluent speech and the children's speech production remained fluent for a 1–2 year period.

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2

Kelly, Ellen M., Anne Smith, and Lisa Goffman. "Orofacial Muscle Activity of Children Who Stutter: A Preliminary Study." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 38, no. 5 (1995): 1025–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3805.1025.

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This study was a preliminary investigation of the relations between stuttering development and the maturation of speech motor processes. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from the orofacial muscles of children who stutter and their normally fluent peers during fluent and disfluent speech. Nine children who stutter (8 boys and 1 girl), ranging in age from 2:7 to 14:0, and 9 age- and sex-matched children who do not stutter were subjects. Pairs of surface EMG electrodes were placed on children’s faces overlying the anterior belly of the digastric (ABD), levator labii superior (ULIP),

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3

Walker, M., R. Shine, and G. Hume. "Spectrographic analysis of fluent speech in normally fluent and stuttering children." Journal of Fluency Disorders 19, no. 3 (1994): 218–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0094-730x(94)90209-7.

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4

Meyers, Susan C., and Frances J. Freeman. "Mother and Child Speech Rates as a Variable in Stuttering and Disfluency." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 28, no. 3 (1985): 436–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.2803.444.

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Three questions were addressed in this study: (a) Do mothers of stuttering children talk faster than mothers of nonstuttering children, (b) do stuttering children talk faster than nonstuttering children, and (c) is there a relationship between child's rate of speech and mother's rate of speech in dyadic conversation? Twelve nonstuttering preschool boys and their mothers were matched with 12 stutterers and their mothers. Ten min of free-play interaction between alternated mother—child dyads were video recorded. Speech rates, defined as syllables per second in fluent utterances, were calculated.

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Ezrati-Vinacour, Ruth, Rozanne Platzky, and Ehud Yairi. "The Young Child's Awareness of Stuttering-Like Disfluency." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 44, no. 2 (2001): 368–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2001/030).

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The emergence of awareness of stuttering has been an important factor in theoretical and clinical considerations for early childhood stuttering. The present research program is aimed at studying the development of awareness of stuttering-like disfluency in normally fluent preschool and first-grade children using responses to video speech samples. A total of 79 children in five different age groups were asked to discriminate between the speech (fluent and disfluent) of two puppets, identify with the one who speaks like them, and evaluate the disfluent and fluent speech of the puppets. It was fo

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6

Pindzola, Rebekah H., Melissa M. Jenkins, and Kari J. Lokken. "Speaking Rates of Young Children." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 20, no. 2 (1989): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.2002.133.

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Conversational samples were elicited from 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old normal-speaking children. Speech rates were measured per age group by the traditional overall method and by the articulatory rate method, which uses only fluent sequences. No statistically significant differences in speaking rate were observed across the three age groups. The clinical utility of normative rates is discussed with regard to fluency assessment and intervention.

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7

Walsh, Bridget, and Anne Smith. "Oral Electromyography Activation Patterns for Speech Are Similar in Preschoolers Who Do and Do Not Stutter." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 56, no. 5 (2013): 1441–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2013/12-0177).

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Purpose In this study, the authors determined whether basic patterns of muscle activation for speech were similar in preschool children who stutter and in their fluent peers. Method Right and left lower lip muscle activity were recorded during conversational speech and sentence repetition in 64 preschool children diagnosed as stuttering (CWS) and in 40 children who do not stutter (CWNS). Measures of electromyography (EMG) amplitude, right–left asymmetry, and bilateral coordination were computed for fluent speech. The potential presence of tremor-like oscillations during disfluencies of CWS was

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8

Kalashnikova, A. R., T. A. Bondarenko та A. I. Tsoi. "ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ НАВЫКА БЕГЛОГО ЧТЕНИЯ У ДЕТЕЙ С ОБЩИМ НЕДОРАЗВИТИЕМ РЕЧИ НА ОСНОВЕ ВЫЯВЛЕНИЯ РИТМИЧЕСКОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ ПРОЗАИЧЕСКОГО ТЕКСТА". Pedagogical IMAGE 15, № 4 (2021): 408–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32343/2409-5052-2021-15-4-408-417.

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Introduction. The paper presents the results of a study on the influence of identifying the prose text rhythm on the development of fluent reading skills in children with the general speech underdevelopment. Materials and Methods. The methods employed in the study are analysis of scientific literature on the issues of formation of rhythm in the text and syntagmatic division of the text, the rhythmic analysis, and the statistical method. Results. Identification of a rhythmic structure in the text and division of the text into syntagmas help improve the technical aspect of reading and affect the

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9

Zebrowski, Patricia M., and Edward G. Conture. "Judgments of Disfluency by Mothers of Stuttering and Normally Fluent Children." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 32, no. 3 (1989): 625–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3203.625.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between selected aspects of speech disfluency and perceptual judgments of these events by mothers of young stutterers and mothers of age- and sex-matched normally fluent children. Each mother independently listened to and judged as either "stuttered" or "not stuttered" recorded examples of a young stutterer's imitated productions of: (a) five different types of speech disfluency, (b) sound prolongations, and (c) sound/syllable repetitions of five different durations each, along with a comparable number of fluent utterances. Results indicate

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10

Abutova, Sh O. "RULES FOR COMMUNICATING WITH PRESCHOOL CHILDREN WHO STUTTER." American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research 02, no. 12 (2022): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/volume02issue12-08.

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The article discusses psychological and pedagogical support of, and care for children with severe speech disorders, i.e. stuttering. The article deals with questions concerning the time when stuttering occurred, the forms in which stuttering was expressed and the main causes of this severe speech disorder. It considers a therapeutic and pedagogical complex to be recommended in order to overcome stuttering. Of practical significance to preschool center teachers and parents of children with stuttering are 'the speech rules' which the article offers for stuttering children. Implementation and fur

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11

Hall, Kelly Dailey, and Ehud Yairi. "Fundamental Frequency, Jitter, and Shimmer in Preschoolers Who Stutter." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 35, no. 5 (1992): 1002–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3505.1002.

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This investigation examined acoustic correlates of phonatory control in the speech of 10 preschool-aged boys who were stutterers (mean age= 45 months) recorded relatively close to the time of stuttering onset and in the speech of 10 boys who were nonstutterers (mean age= 46 months). For each subject, acoustic measurements of fundamental frequency, jitter, and shimmer were extracted from the 100 msec midportion of 30 vowels selected from fluent utterances in spontaneous speech. Significant differences between the two groups for shimmer measures are among the few positive findings in recent publ

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12

White, Katherine S., Elizabeth S. Nilsen, Taylor Deglint, and Janel Silva. "That’s thee, uuh blicket! How does disfluency affect children’s word learning?" First Language 40, no. 1 (2019): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142723719873499.

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Disfluencies, such as ‘um’ or ‘uh’, can cause adults to attribute uncertainty to speakers, but may also facilitate speech processing. To understand how these different functions affect children’s learning, we asked whether (dis)fluency affects children’s decision to select information from speakers (an explicit behavior) and their learning of specific words (an implicit behavior). In Experiment 1a, 31 3- to 4-year-olds heard two puppets provide fluent or disfluent descriptions of familiar objects. Each puppet then labeled a different novel object with the same novel word (again, fluently or di

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13

Beilby, Janet M., Michelle L. Byrnes, and J. Scott Yaruss. "The Impact of a Stuttering Disorder on Western Australian Children and Adolescents." Perspectives on Fluency and Fluency Disorders 22, no. 2 (2012): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/ffd22.2.51.

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In this study, we examined the impact of a stuttering disorder on children (n=50) and adolescents (n=45) living in Western Australia. We compared the reactions and experiences of children and adolescents who stutter to children and adolescents who do not stutter. We compared the participants who stuttered and the fluent participants using adapted versions of the Overall Assessment of the Speaker’s Experience of Stuttering (OASES). We also examined the relationship between biopsychosocial impact and stuttered speech frequency. We saw higher levels of adverse impact in young people who stuttered

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14

Chang, Soo-Eun, Emily O. Garnett, Andrew Etchell, and Ho Ming Chow. "Functional and Neuroanatomical Bases of Developmental Stuttering: Current Insights." Neuroscientist 25, no. 6 (2018): 566–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073858418803594.

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Affecting 5% of all preschool-aged children and 1% of the general population, developmental stuttering—also called childhood-onset fluency disorder—is a complex, multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by frequent disruption of the fluent flow of speech. Over the past two decades, neuroimaging studies of both children and adults who stutter have begun to provide significant insights into the neurobiological bases of stuttering. This review highlights convergent findings from this body of literature with a focus on functional and structural neuroimaging results that are support

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15

Walsh, Bridget, and Evan Usler. "Physiological Correlates of Fluent and Stuttered Speech Production in Preschool Children Who Stutter." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 62, no. 12 (2019): 4309–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_jslhr-s-19-0018.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare physiological indices of sympathetic nervous system arousal recorded during fluent and stuttered utterances in a preschool children who stutter (CWS). Method Twenty-two 4- to 5-year-old CWS participated in the experiment. We recorded children's skin conductance response amplitude and frequency, blood pulse volume amplitude, and pulse rate as they completed a picture description task. We then compared indices of phasic sympathetic arousal recorded during stuttered versus fluent utterances. In addition, children's communication attitudes were eval

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16

Howell, Peter, and Sheila M. Williams. "Development of Auditory Sensitivity in Children Who Stutter and Fluent Children." Ear and Hearing 25, no. 3 (2004): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aud.0000130798.50938.eb.

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17

Adloyan, Lilit, and Vera Marukyan. "EFFECTIVE APPROACHES TO ENHANCING CONNECTED SPEECH IN PREOPERATIVE CHILDREN WITH OPEN ORGANIC RHINOLALIA." Armenian Journal of Special Education 8, no. 2 (2024): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/se.v8i2.33.

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Children with open organic rhinolalia, a condition often resulting from structural anomalies such as cleft palate, face unique challenges in speech development, particularly in the preoperative period. This article examines the methods, techniques, and strategies used to improve connected speech in these children before undergoing surgical intervention. Focusing on evidence-based practices, the article explores various speech therapy approaches, including breathing exercises, articulation drills, and resonance training, all tailored to address the specific needs of children with hypernasal spe

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18

Usler, Evan, Anne Smith, and Christine Weber. "A Lag in Speech Motor Coordination During Sentence Production Is Associated With Stuttering Persistence in Young Children." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60, no. 1 (2017): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_jslhr-s-15-0367.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine if indices of speech motor coordination during the production of sentences varying in sentence length and syntactic complexity were associated with stuttering persistence versus recovery in 5- to 7-year-old children. Methods We compared children with persistent stuttering (CWS-Per) with children who had recovered (CWS-Rec), and children who do not stutter (CWNS). A kinematic measure of articulatory coordination, lip aperture variability (LAVar), and overall movement duration were computed for perceptually fluent sentence productions varying in

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Gregory, Letícia, Milaine Dominici Sanfins, Piotr Henryk Skarzynski, Rafael Fabiano Machado Rosa, Paulo Ricardo Gazzola Zen, and Pricila Sleifer. "Auditory Processing in Stuttering Children: Behavioral and Electrophysiological Assessments." International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology 29, no. 02 (2025): 001–11. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1804518.

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Abstract Introduction Stuttering is a human communication disorder characterized by involuntary interruptions to speech flow. Electrophysiological tests and behavioral evaluations allow the neuroaudiological processes involved in stuttering to be investigated. Objective To investigate group differences in the central auditory system using long-latency auditory evoked potentials, cognitive potentials, and behavioral assessments in children who stutter and compare them with fluent children. Methods We assessed 18 children with stuttering and compared them with a control group of 18 children with

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Howell, Peter, Stevie Sackin, and Kazan Glenn. "Development of a Two-Stage Procedure for the Automatic Recognition of Dysfluencies in the Speech of Children Who Stutter." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 40, no. 5 (1997): 1073–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4005.1073.

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This program of work is intended to develop automatic recognition procedures to locate and assess stuttered dysfluencies. This and the following article together, develop and test recognizers for repetitions and prolongations. The automatic recognizers classify the speech in two stages: In the first, the speech is segmented, and, in the second, the segments are categorized. The units that are segmented are words. Here assessments by human judges on the speech of 12 children who stutter are described using a corresponding procedure. The accuracy of word boundary placement across judges, categor

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21

Ohashi, Y., M. Kenjo, and E. Ozawa. "Acoustic analysis of fluent speech production in stuttering children and normally fluent peers: A preliminary investigation." Journal of Fluency Disorders 19, no. 3 (1994): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0094-730x(94)90154-6.

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22

Nippold, Marilyn A. "When a School-Age Child Stutters, Let’s Focus on the Primary Problem." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 43, no. 4 (2012): 549–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461(2012/12-0054).

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Purpose In this reply to Yaruss, Coleman, and Quesal (2012), I explain why it is reasonable for speech-language pathologists to focus their attention on helping school-age children who stutter (CWS) achieve natural-sounding fluent speech. I also emphasize the necessity for clinical researchers to conduct high-quality treatment efficacy studies of school-age CWS.

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Vasylieva, Nataliia, Tetiana Marieieva, Liudmyla Zahorodnia, Valeriia Melikhova, Yaryna Taniavska, and Oksana Dzhus. "Examining Stuttering in Preschool Children from the Perspective of Speech Therapy and Neurology." Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala 17, no. 2 (2025): 712–31. https://doi.org/10.18662/rrem/17.2/1002.

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Stuttering is a speech disorder that can be completely remedied. Its elimination requires active intervention and the consistent application of all necessary measures. Achieving fluent speech in preschoolers with stuttering is a complex and specialized process. The success of speech therapy for children depends on close cooperation among parents, preschool teachers, and speech therapists. This article highlights that the systematic and structured development of coherent speech in preschool children enables them to easily and quickly select appropriate words, articulate thoughts, and speak with

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Dobrota-Davidovic, Nada, Jadranka Otasevic, and Dragana Kljajic. "Neuropsychological parameters as possible indicators of speech fluency disorder in children." Vojnosanitetski pregled 75, no. 4 (2018): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp160708348d.

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Background/Aim. Speech disfluency (stuttering) is a multifactor disorder and its aetiology is a big unknown for the experts from various fields. Hemisphere dominance as the highest level in the process of integration of cortical functions is of special significance for the entire development. Praxis and gnosis related cortical organizers are the first to form; they become differentiated and functionally full in early childhood while the process of condensing is completed somewhere around the age of 7. Cortical activity organizers are definitely set at that age and from then on act from one hem

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Maruthy, Santosh, Yongqiang Feng, and Ludo Max. "Spectral Coefficient Analyses of Word-Initial Stop Consonant Productions Suggest Similar Anticipatory Coarticulation for Stuttering and Nonstuttering Adults." Language and Speech 61, no. 1 (2017): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023830917695853.

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A longstanding hypothesis about the sensorimotor mechanisms underlying stuttering suggests that stuttered speech dysfluencies result from a lack of coarticulation. Formant-based measures of either the stuttered or fluent speech of children and adults who stutter have generally failed to obtain compelling evidence in support of the hypothesis that these individuals differ in the timing or degree of coarticulation. Here, we used a sensitive acoustic technique–spectral coefficient analyses–that allowed us to compare stuttering and nonstuttering speakers with regard to vowel-dependent anticipatory

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Hall, Kelly Dailey, Ofer Amir, and Ehud Yairi. "A Longitudinal Investigation of Speaking Rate in Preschool Children Who Stutter." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 42, no. 6 (1999): 1367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4206.1367.

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Both clinical and theoretical interest in stuttering as a disorder of speech motor control has led to numerous investigations of speaking rate in people who stutter. The majority of these studies, however, has been conducted with adult and school-age groups. Most studies of preschoolers have included older children. Despite the ongoing theoretical and clinical focus on speaking rate in young children who stutter and their parents, no longitudinal or cross-sectional studies have been conducted to answer questions about the possible developmental link between stuttering and the rate of speech, o

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Zebrowski, Patricia M. "Duration of Sound Prolongation and Sound/Syllable Repetition in Children Who Stutter." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 37, no. 2 (1994): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3702.254.

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The purpose of this study was to measure the duration of sound prolongations and sound/syllable repetitions (stutterings) in the conversational speech of school-age children who stutter. The relationships between duration and (a) frequency and type of speech disfluency, (b) number and rate of repeated units per instance of sound/syllable repetition, (c) overall speech rate, and (d) articulatory rate were also examined. Results indicated that for the children in this study the average duration of stuttering was approximately three-quarters of a second, and was not significantly correlated with

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Finn, Patrick, Roger J. Ingham, Nicoline Ambrose, and Ehud Yairi. "Children Recovered From Stuttering Without Formal Treatment." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 40, no. 4 (1997): 867–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4004.867.

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Current evidence suggests that young children who recover from stuttering are essentially stutter-free. However, there is no evidence to indicate if their speech is perceptually indistinguishable from normally fluent peers or whether they retain perceptually unusual speech. One important example of recovery from stuttering is children who have recovered without receiving formal treatment. An investigation was conducted to determine if the speech of these children is perceptually different from the speech of children who have never stuttered. Speakers consisted of 10 preschool and early school-

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o‘g‘li, Og‘abek Yuldashev Komiljon. "Using Coloronyms And Magic Numbers inEnglish And Uzbek Speed Reading." American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research 5, no. 5 (2025): 17–19. https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/volume05issue05-05.

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This article examines the use of colorons and magic numbers in English and Uzbek speed reading. The article analyzes the role of quick sayings in children's word games. Quick sayings are considered as part of Uzbek folk folklore, as a game that requires intense and complex pronunciation of speech. This genre helps children develop their language, form clear and fluent speech, and perceive the intonation of sounds. The pedagogical significance of quick sayings, their role in creating humorous situations among children, and similar examples in other languages are presented.

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Kadi-Hanifi, Karima, and Peter Howell. "Syntactic analysis of the spontaneous speech of normally fluent and stuttering children." Journal of Fluency Disorders 17, no. 3 (1992): 151–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0094-730x(92)90008-e.

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Howell, Peter, Stevie Sackin, and Kazan Glenn. "Development of a Two-Stage Procedure for the Automatic Recognition of Dysfluencies in the Speech of Children Who Stutter." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 40, no. 5 (1997): 1085–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4005.1085.

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This program of work is intended to develop automatic recognition procedures to locate and assess stuttered dysfluencies. This and the preceding article focus on developing and testing recognizers for repetitions and prolongations in stuttered speech. The automatic recognizers classify the speech in two stages: In the first the speech is segmented and in the second the segments are categorized. The units segmented are words. The current article describes results for an automatic recognizer intended to classify words as fluent or containing a repetition or prolongation in a text read by childre

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Vanryckeghem, Martine, and Gene J. Brutten. "The Speech-Associated Attitude of Children Who Do and Do Not Stutter and the Differential Effect of Age." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 6, no. 4 (1997): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360.0604.67.

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Fifty-five Flemish children, ages 6 to 13, who stuttered and 55 who did not were the subjects of a two (group) by eight (age) factorial investigation of their response to a Dutch translation of the Communication Attitude Test (C.A.T.). The main effect results confirmed previous C.A.T. findings that, as early as age 6, children who stutter exhibit significantly more in the way of a negative speech-associated attitude than their peers do. In addition, the between-group difference in attitude diverged with age. The C.A.T. scores increased for those who stuttered and decreased for the normally flu

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Meyers, Susan C., and Frances J. Freeman. "Interruptions as a Variable in Stuttering and Disfluency." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 28, no. 3 (1985): 428–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.2803.435.

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Parental verbal behavior is often cited as a major precipitating and maintaining factor in the onset and development of stuttering. Parents are frequently counseled to avoid interrupting their stuttering child. The purpose of the present study was to determine (a) whether mothers of preschool stutterers interrupt children's speech more frequently than mothers of nonstutterers, (b) whether stutterers interrupt the speech of mothers more frequently than nonstutterers, and (c) whether there is relationship between interruptive behavior and the occurrence of children's disfluencies. Twenty-four pr

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Ambrose, Nicoline Grinager, and Ehud Yairi. "Normative Disfluency Data for Early Childhood Stuttering." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 42, no. 4 (1999): 895–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4204.895.

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Although the past 50 years of research on early childhood stuttering and normal disfluency have produced vital information on the general features of disfluent speech behavior of young children, an adequate normative reference for early stuttering does not exist. The purpose of this report is to provide such reference and to provide a basis for clinical needs of differential diagnosis of stuttering from normal disfluency. Data are presented from 90 stuttering children ages 2 to 5 within 6 months of stuttering onset and from 54 age-matched normally fluent children. Means for disfluency types ar

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Hall, Nancy E. "Emergence of Stuttering-Like Disfluencies During Therapy: An Exploratory Study." Perspectives on School-Based Issues 12, no. 1 (2011): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/sbi12.1.18.

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Anecdotal reports exist on the emergence of stuttering-like behavior during the course of language therapy, yet there is little empirical evidence of its occurrence. The aim of the present study is to address this lack of evidence by surveying school-based speech-language pathologists on their experiences with this phenomenon. Results show nearly 50% of the 324 respondents report observing the appearance of disfluencies in the speech of previously fluent children during language therapy. Findings are discussed from the perspective of interacting processes of language formulation and speech pro

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Cocco, Luisella, Monica Anisio, Claudia Maulini, et al. "Building a Bridge Among Unspoken Words: The Use of Drawing According to the IARA Model to Trigger Communication in Children and Adolescents Who Stutter." Revista de Investigación en Logopedia 14, no. 1 (2024): e91026. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rlog.91026.

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Stuttering is a speech disorder characterized by frequent and significant problems with normal fluency and flow of speech. People who stutter perceive themselves as poor communicators and develop negative speech attitudes. This development of a negative communicative attitude could be related to the expectations and high demands made by their parents about fluency. When these expectations exceed the stuttering individual’s abilities to produce fluent verbal communication, a stuttering episode occurs. This is perceived by the individual as a communicative performance not adequately meeting the

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Leclercq, Anne-Lise, Pauline Suaire, and Astrid Moyse. "Beyond stuttering: Speech disfluencies in normally fluent French-speaking children at age 4." Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 32, no. 2 (2017): 166–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699206.2017.1344878.

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Bernthal, John E., Mel Greenlee, Roy Eblen, and Kim Marking. "Detection of mispronunciations: A comparison of adults, normal-speaking children, and children with articulation errors." Applied Psycholinguistics 8, no. 3 (1987): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400000266.

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ABSTRACTRecent studies have shown that children as well as adults can detect mispronounced words presented in running speech contexts. Listeners' detections are influenced by both phonological and lexical characteristics of the mispronounced words. The present study compared the performance of normal-speaking children, misarticulating children, and adults on a task which required the detection of mispronounced words. Phonological shifts presented in the stimuli represented both developmental and nondevelopmental patterns. Analysis of errors in detecting these mispronunciations indicated that a

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El-Beltagy, Reem, Dalia Galhom, and El-Ham M. Hassan. "Auditory brainstem response and speech mismatch negativity in children with phonological disorders." Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology 35, no. 1 (2019): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejo.ejo_87_17.

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Abstract Objective This study was designed to explore the processing of auditory information through auditory brainstem and higher cortical regions in a sample of children with phonological errors compared to age-matched normal controls using AEPs. Subjects and Methods We recorded click and speech auditory brain-stem response and mismatch negativity in 30 children (15 children who were diagnosed clinically with phonological disorder, their ages ranged between 3.5–5.5 years, 15 children age-matched, sex matched and education matched with the study group, normal fluent speaker with no history of

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Wodka, E. L., P. Mathy, and L. Kalb. "Predictors of Phrase and Fluent Speech in Children With Autism and Severe Language Delay." PEDIATRICS 131, no. 4 (2013): e1128-e1134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-2221.

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Subramanian, Anu, Ehud Yairi, and Ofer Amir. "Second formant transitions in fluent speech of persistent and recovered preschool children who stutter." Journal of Communication Disorders 36, no. 1 (2003): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9924(02)00135-1.

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Howell, Peter, and James Au-Yeung. "Syntactic determinants of stuttering in the spontaneous speech of normally fluent and stuttering children." Journal of Fluency Disorders 20, no. 4 (1995): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0094-730x(94)00012-i.

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Rosenfield, David B., Michael McCarthy, Kevin McKinney, Nagalapura S. Viswanath, and Harvey B. Nudelman. "Stuttering Induced by Theophylline." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 73, no. 12 (1994): 914–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556139407301208.

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We retrospectively evaluated three fluent asthmatic children who developed speech dysfluency following administration of theophylline. The dysfluency ceased in all three, following discontinuation of the medication. The medication was re-instituted in two patients, prompting return of dysfluency. It is unknown whether the patients had characteristics of “acquired stuttering” or “developmental stuttering.” We urge appropriate testing should this complication again occur. This might then provide pharmacologic information regarding stuttering.

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Parahita, Annisa Daniswara, Kholid Abdullah Harras, and Jatmika Nurhadi. "STUDI KASUS BAHASA LISAN ANAK TERLAMBAT BICARA: KAJIAN PSIKOLINGUISTIK." JURNAL PESONA 8, no. 1 (2022): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.52657/jp.v8i1.1651.

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Abstrak Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, anak memang diharuskan selalu berinteraksi dengan kedua orang tuanya di rumah. Baik itu anak balita atau anak berusia lima tahun. Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini untuk mengetahui dan mengungkapkan penyebab keterlambatan bicara pada anak serta untuk mengetahui cara untuk mencegah keterlambatan bicara tersebut sehingga anak menjadi lancar dalam berbicara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada beberapa anak yang mengalami keterlambatan bicara dikarenakan orang tuanya memiliki kesibukan tersendiri diluar sehingga jarang menemani sang anak dan jarang berinter

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Lalonde, Kaylah, and Lynne A. Werner. "Development of the Mechanisms Underlying Audiovisual Speech Perception Benefit." Brain Sciences 11, no. 1 (2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11010049.

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The natural environments in which infants and children learn speech and language are noisy and multimodal. Adults rely on the multimodal nature of speech to compensate for noisy environments during speech communication. Multiple mechanisms underlie mature audiovisual benefit to speech perception, including reduced uncertainty as to when auditory speech will occur, use of correlations between the amplitude envelope of auditory and visual signals in fluent speech, and use of visual phonetic knowledge for lexical access. This paper reviews evidence regarding infants’ and children’s use of tempora

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Yaruss, J. Scott, and Edward G. Conture. "F2 Transitions During Sound/Syllable Repetitions of Children Who Stutter and Predictions of Stuttering Chronicity." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 36, no. 5 (1993): 883–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3605.883.

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The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships between second formant (F2) transitions during the sound/syllable repetitions (SSRs) of young children who stutter and their predicted chronicity of stuttering. Subjects were 13 youngsters who stutter, who were divided into two groups based on their predicted chronicity of stuttering as measured by the Stuttering Prediction Instrument (SPI; Riley, 1984): a high-risk group, consisting of 7 boys. (mean age=50.6 months), and a low-risk group, consisting of 5 boys and 1 girl (mean age=48.5 months). Each child was audio/videotape-rec

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Bosshardt, Hans-Georg. "Subvocalization and Reading Rate Differences between Stuttering and Nonstuttering Children and Adults." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 33, no. 4 (1990): 776–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3304.776.

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The hypothesis tested was that stutterers subvocalize more slowly than nonstutterers and that they need more time for the overt production of the fluent parts of their speech. We also investigated whether rate differences could only be observed for those words on which the stutterers expect to stutter. Fifty-nine school children (27 stutterers and 32 nonstutterers) and 19 adults (18 stutterers and 21 nonstutterers) performed a reading task in which a noun was presented together with its definite article. The presentation times of the reading material were controlled by the subjects. Half of th

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Ratner, Nan Bernstein, and Stacy Silverman. "Parental Perceptions of Children's Communicative Development at Stuttering Onset." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 43, no. 5 (2000): 1252–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4305.1252.

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There has been clinical speculation that parents of young stuttering children have expectations of their children's communication abilities that are not well-matched to the children's actual skills. We appraised the language abilities of 15 children close to the onset of stuttering symptoms and 15 age-, sex-, and SES-matched fluent children using an array of standardized tests and spontaneous language sample measures. Parents concurrently completed two parent-report measures of the children's communicative development. Results indicated generally depressed performance on all child speech and l

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Asilova, N. G. "Cognitive and speech disorders in patients with hemiparetic form of childhood cerebral palsy." Health care of Tajikistan, no. 2 (July 12, 2023): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.52888/0514-2515-2023-357-2-15-22.

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Aim. To assess cognitive and speech functions in patients with cerebral palsy and their relationship with the location of the pathological focus and gender.Material and methods. We examined 125 children aged 7-9 years with a final diagnosis of cerebral palsy, hemiplegic form (G80.2). The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the location of the hemispheric focus. Group I consisted of 72 patients with left-sided hemiparesis (LHP), 33 girls and 39 boys. Group II consisted of 53 patients with right-sided hemiparesis (RHP), 23 girls and 30 boys. The control group included 30 practically

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Scott, Cheryl M., and Jennifer Windsor. "General Language Performance Measures in Spoken and Written Narrative and Expository Discourse of School-Age Children With Language Learning Disabilities." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 43, no. 2 (2000): 324–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4302.324.

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Language performance in naturalistic contexts can be characterized by general measures of productivity, fluency, lexical diversity, and grammatical complexity and accuracy. The use of such measures as indices of language impairment in older children is open to questions of method and interpretation. This study evaluated the extent to which 10 general language performance measures (GLPM) differentiated school-age children with language learning disabilities (LLD) from chronological-age (CA) and language-age (LA) peers. Children produced both spoken and written summaries of two educational video

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