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Journal articles on the topic 'Cyanides, chemistry'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Muderawan, I. Wayan, I. Wayan Karyasa, I. Nyoman Tika, and Gede Agus Beni Widana. "Chemistry and Biology of Cyanides: A Literature Review." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry and Environment 6, no. 2 (2023): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/ijoce.v6i2.67030.

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The term cyanide is used to describe compounds that contain the cyano, -C≡N, group. The cyanides exist in nature as inorganic as well as organic compounds in the forms of gas or liquid such as HCN, CNCl and acetonitrile, or solids such as NaCN, KCN, and Ca(CN)2. Cyanide compounds are also found in addible plants as cyanogenic glycosides. Compounds that can release cyanide are known as cyanogenic compounds. HCN has a low boiling point (25.63 oC) and is as weakly acidic with a pKa 9.2. It partially ionizes in water to give the cyanide anion, -CN. Cyanide ion from salt reacts with acid to give HC

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2

Usachev, Boris. "Chemistry of Fluoroalkyl Cyanides." Arkivoc 2020, no. 1 (2020): 499–577. http://dx.doi.org/10.24820/ark.5550190.p011.339.

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3

Szuromi, P. D. "CHEMISTRY: Oxidizing Organic Cyanides." Science 310, no. 5748 (2005): 593c. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.310.5748.593c.

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4

Connors, Richard, Elisabeth Tran, and Tony Durst. "Acyl cyanides as carbonyl heterodienophiles: application to the synthesis of naphthols, isoquinolones, and isocoumarins." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 74, no. 2 (1996): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v96-024.

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Irradiation of 2-methylbenzoyl cyanide (3a) in acetonitrile solution results in the formation of its dimer, which upon loss of HCN gives rise to the cycloadduct 7a. The dimerization also proceeds efficiently with derivatives of 3a giving adducts 7b and 7c. When 2-methylaroyl cyanides are photolyzed in the presence of a more reactive acyl cyanide the mixed adducts 8a–e are obtained in excellent yields. The cycloadducts 7a–c and 8a–e react with carbon and nitrogen nucleophiles by a tandem addition–cyclization sequence furnishing substituted naphthols (10a and 10b) and isoquinolones (11a–d), resp

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5

Majewski, Marek, Marc DeCaire, Pawel Nowak, and Fan Wang. "Studies on enolate chemistry of 8-thiabicyclo[3.2.1]- octan-3-one: enantioselective deprotonation and synthesis of sulfur analogs of tropane alkaloids." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 79, no. 11 (2001): 1792–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v01-157.

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Enantioselective deprotonation of 8-thiabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one (1) with chiral lithium amides, followed by reactions with electrophiles affords sulfur analogs of tropane alkaloids of pyranotropane family. Thus, deprotonation of 1 with (S)-N-(diphenyl)methyl-1-phenylethylamine (11d), followed by the reaction of the resulting nonracemic enolate with benzaldehyde gives the corresponding aldol product as one diastereoisomer (exo, threo) and in high enanatiomeric purity (95% ee). Trimethylsilyl chloride, acetic anhydride, and acyl cyanides react readily with the lithium enolate to give the corre

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6

S., SUNITA, and K. GUPTA V. "Spectrophotometric Determination of Cyanide in Biological Samples using A New Reagent." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 64, Jul 1987 (1987): 431–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6196609.

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Department of Chemistry, Ravishankar University, Ralpur-192 010 <em>Manuscript received 7 January 1987, revised 24 April 1987, accepted 6 July 1987</em> A new sensitive spectrophotometric determination of cyanide in polluted river water and biological samples is described. Cyanides converted into cyanogenbromide reacts with pyridine to give glutaconic aldehyde which is subsequently condensed with sulphanilic acid to give a yellowish orange coloured dye. Beer's law is obeyed at 460 nm in the range of 5 - 30 <em>µg</em> of cyanide per 10 ml of the final solution (0.5 - 3 ppm)

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7

Kudelska, Wieslawa. "Synthesis of Glycosyl Cyanides by the Reaction of 1-S-Phosphorothioates of Carbohydrates with Trimethylsilyl Cyanide." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 53, no. 11 (1998): 1277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1998-1107.

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A new procedure is described for the synthesis of α,β-glycosyl cyanides by the reaction of per-O-benzylated S-α-ᴅ-glycopyranosyl phosphorothioates with trimethylsilyl cyanide in the presence of Lewis acid. Starting S-glycosyl phosphorothioates are prepared, directly, from O-benzyl protected reducing D-hexopyranoses (gluco-, galacto-, manno-) and alkylammonium salt of phosphorothioic acid under Lewis acid catalysis.

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8

Kettle, Sidney F. A., Eliano Diana, Enrico Boccaleri, and Pier Luigi Stanghellini. "The Vibrational Spectra of the Cyanide Ligand Revisited. Bridging Cyanides." Inorganic Chemistry 46, no. 7 (2007): 2409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic0610482.

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9

Kettle, Sidney F. A., Gian Luca Aschero, Eliano Diana, Rosanna Rossetti, and Pier Luigi Stanghellini. "The Vibrational Spectra of the Cyanide Ligand Revisited: Terminal Cyanides." Inorganic Chemistry 45, no. 13 (2006): 4928–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic0514041.

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10

Jobe, David J., and Kenneth Charles Westaway. "Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies of cyanide ion solutions of dimethylformamide and aqueous dimethylformamide." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 71, no. 9 (1993): 1353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v93-175.

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Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has been used to investigate the behaviour of HCN and alkali metal and tetraethylammonium cyanides in DMF and aqueous DMF. The cyanide ion exists as free ions and ion pairs in pure DMF but as water-solvated and DMF-solvated ions in aqueous DMF. The aqueous DMF solutions can be treated as a pseudo two-phase system with a distribution coefficient of 0.018 between the aqueous and DMF-rich pseudo phases. A kinetic analysis of the cyanide ion – benzyl chloride reaction in DMF and aqueous DMF has shown that the rate constant for the SN2 reaction is markedly de

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11

J., K. Jain, and Gupta N. "Theoretical analysis of thermal isomerisation barrier of isocyanides into cyanides : A semiempirical approach." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 89, Jan 2012 (2012): 97—IOO. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5751751.

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Department of Chemistry, Agrawal Post Graduate College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India <em>E-mail </em>: jkjain8962@yahoo.co.in Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004, Rajasthan, India <em>Manuscript received 25 June 2010, revised 18 May 2011, accepted 25 May 2011</em> AM1 semiempirical calculations for reactions have been performed and the effect of different substituents on thermal isomerisation barrier has been studied. As AM1 semiempirical calculations need much less time as compared to <em>ab initio</em> calculations, they have been employed to study the thermal rearra

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12

B., DASH, K. DORA B., and S. PANDA C. "A New Synthesis of Aroyl Cyanides from Phenacyl Bromides." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 65, Feb 1988 (1988): 136–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6090336.

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Department of Chemistry, Berhampur University, Berhampur-760 007 <em>Manuscript received 23 November 1987, accepted 22 December 1987</em> A New Synthesis of Aroyl Cyanides from Phenacyl Bromides.

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13

Redondo, Pilar, Miguel Sanz-Novo, and Carmen Barrientos. "Hydroaluminum Isocyanide Isomers: Prediction of Spectroscopic Properties." Astrophysical Journal 928, no. 1 (2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac54a1.

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Abstract Metal cyanides and isocyanides play a relevant role in the metal chemistry of the carbon-rich circumstellar envelope IRC+10216. It is thought that hydrometal cyanides/isocyanides could also be present in these environments; in fact, HMgNC has been detected in the same source that MgCN, MgNC, and AlNC. The aim of this work is to provide information about hydroaluminum cyanide/isocyanide. For this goal, a comprehensive analysis of the doublet and quartet potential energy surfaces of the [Al, C, H, N] system has been carried out. Different quantum chemistry methodologies from density fun

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14

Giroux, Louis, and Dwight J. Barkley. "Separation of metal-cyanide complexes by reversed-phase ion-interaction high-performance liquid chromatography." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 72, no. 2 (1994): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v94-041.

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Reversed-phase ion-interaction chromatography has been used to study the separation of Cu(I), Ag(I), Ni(II), Au(I), Co(III), Fe(III), and Fe(II) cyano complexes on silica and carbon-based reversed-phases with UV detection at 215 nm. Separation of the metal-cyanide complexes was affected by a number of experimental factors including the nature and concentration of the organic modifier, nature and concentration of the ion-pairing reagent, pH, and ionic strength of the mobile phase. Differences between the elution order of metallo-cyanides observed in the present work and in other investigations

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15

Alarcón, Alejandro, Carlos Segura, Carlos Gamarra, and Juan Carlos F. Rodriguez-Reyes. "Green chemistry in mineral processing: chemical and physical methods to enhance the leaching of silver and the efficiency in cyanide consumption." Pure and Applied Chemistry 90, no. 7 (2018): 1109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0904.

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Abstract The leaching of valuable metals from mineral ores is the basis of several extractive economies around the world, but the strategies employed often need to rely on dangerous compounds such as cyanides. Due to the complex nature of most ores, leaching processes are slow and have a low efficiency in noble metal extraction, which is usually improved by fine-milling the mineral. In this manuscript, we consider this strategy, demonstrating that it may increase the amount of silver leaching, but at the expense of a higher consumption of cyanide, which renders the process inefficient (only 2%

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16

Rudel, Stefan S., Sebastian A. Baer, Patrick Woidy, et al. "Recent advances in the chemistry of uranium halides in anhydrous ammonia." Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials 233, no. 12 (2018): 817–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zkri-2018-2066.

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Abstract This article presents an overview of recent advancements in the field of uranium chemistry, paying special attention to the preparation of starting materials and to the chemistry of uranium halides in liquid ammonia. Where suitable, insights into the chemistry of thorium are also presented. Herein, we report upon the crystal structures of several ammine complexes as well as their deprotonation products. Specific examples of hydrolysis products in liquid ammonia are showcased. Additionally, advancements in the preparation of uranium cyanides are presented.

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17

Pavlosky, Mark A., and James A. Larrabee. "Infrared spectroscopy of half-methemocyanin cyanide. Evidence for two nonequivalently bound cyanides." Journal of the American Chemical Society 110, no. 16 (1988): 5349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00224a020.

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18

Christoffers, Jens, and David Kieslich. "Cyanide Anions as Nucleophilic Catalysts in Organic Synthesis." Synthesis 53, no. 19 (2021): 3485–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1499-8943.

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AbstractThe nucleophilic addition of a cyanide anion to a carbonyl group is the basis for several cyanide-catalyzed organic reactions, which are summarized in this review. Since cyanide is also a good leaving group, it is an excellent catalyst for transacylation reactions. As an electron-withdrawing group, it also stabilizes a negative charge in its α-position, thus allowing the umpolung of aldehydes to formyl anion equivalents. The two leading examples are the benzoin condensation and the Michael–Stetter reaction furnishing α-hydroxy ketones and 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds, which are both cataly

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19

Meot-Ner, Michael, and Zeev Karpas. "Ion chemistry of cyanides and isocyanides. 2. Alkylation of hydrogen cyanide and cyanides by oxygen and sulfur compounds. Gas-phase synthesis and reactions of protonated isocyanides." Journal of Physical Chemistry 90, no. 10 (1986): 2206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100401a042.

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20

Picard, Jean Paul, Stephane Grelier, Thierry Constantieux, et al. "Bis(trimethylsilyl)methylamine from cyanides." Organometallics 12, no. 4 (1993): 1378–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om00028a062.

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21

Mai, Khuong, and Ghanshyam Patil. "Alkylsilyl cyanides as silylating agents." Journal of Organic Chemistry 51, no. 18 (1986): 3545–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00368a030.

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22

van der Meer, D., A. Spaans, and H. Thijsse. "Electrochemical reduction of arenesulfonyl cyanides." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 93, no. 1 (2010): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19740930104.

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23

Liu, Ying, Baogang Sun, Wenting Jia, et al. "Study on Removal Mechanism for Copper Cyanide Complex Ions in Water: Ion Species Differences and Evolution Process." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 6 (2023): 5066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065066.

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A large amount of cyanide-containing wastewater is discharged during electrode material synthesis. Among them, cyanides will form metal–cyanide complex ions which possess high stability, making it challenging to separate them from these wastewaters. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the complexation mechanism of cyanide ions and heavy metal ions from wastewater in order to obtain a deep insight into the process of cyanide removal. This study employs Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to reveal the complexation mechanism of metal–cyanide complex ions formed by the interaction

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24

Anghinoni, João Marcos, Sabrina Souza Ferreira, Filipe Penteado, Eder João Lenardão, and Márcio Santos Silva. "77Se and 13C NMR Characterization of Selenium Cyanides." Molbank 2022, no. 4 (2022): M1485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m1485.

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Here, we describe a magnetic resonance spectroscopy characterization of selenium cyanide compounds, Se(CN)2, Se2(CN)2 and Se3(CN)2. Selenim-77 and carbon-13 nuclides were used to provide data of these species at room temperature. This is the first structural characterization performed using NMR for Se3(CN)2, while only low-temperature analyses have been conducted so far for Se(CN)2 and Se2(CN)2. Based on these limitations, a characterization study was deemed mandatory, especially from a synthetic chemistry point of view. In addition to these analyses, we carried out a purity assessment for Se3

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25

Chan, Kin Shing, Lirong Zhang, and Chun Wah Fung. "Oxidative Addition of Silyl Cyanides to Rhodium Porphyrin Radical: Isocyanide or Cyanide Transfer Mechanism." Organometallics 23, no. 26 (2004): 6097–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om049253h.

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26

Zhang, Honghui, Rongfang Liu, Jialin Liu та ін. "Chemoselective phosphine-catalyzed cyanoacylation of α-dicarbonyl compounds: a general method for the synthesis of cyanohydrin esters with one quaternary stereocenter". New Journal of Chemistry 42, № 24 (2018): 19720–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj04867c.

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27

Li, Zheng, and Jun Xu. "Solvent-Free Synthesis of Arylsulfonyl Cyanides Using Potassium Hexacyanoferrate(II) as An Ecofriendly Cyanide Source." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 189, no. 3 (2014): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426507.2013.819870.

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28

Petrov, S. V., and V. F. Petrov. "Hydrolysis of cyanides in aqueous solutions." Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 52, no. 5 (2007): 793–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036023607050245.

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29

Murahashi, Shunichi, Takeshi Naota, and Nobuyuki Nakajima. "Palladium-catalyzed decarbonylation of acyl cyanides." Journal of Organic Chemistry 51, no. 6 (1986): 898–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00356a029.

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30

Klapötke, Thomas M., Burkhard Krumm, Peter Mayer, Kurt Polborn, and Ingo Schwab. "Some Investigations on Organotellurium(IV) Cyanides." Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 631, no. 13-14 (2005): 2677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.200500108.

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31

Dong, Kaiwei, Feng Xie, Wei Wang, Yongfeng Chang, Chunlin Chen, and Xiaowei Gu. "Calcination of Calcium Sulphoaluminate Cement Using Pyrite-Rich Cyanide Tailings." Crystals 10, no. 11 (2020): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10110971.

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Pyrite-rich cyanide tailings (CTs) are industrial hazardous solid wastes arising from the gold mining industry. Every year, hundreds of millions of tons of cyanide tailings are produced and discharged to tailings dams. It is of great significance to dispose of cyanide tailings harmlessly and resourcefully. The feasibility of calcination of calcium sulphoaluminate (CSA) cement clinker using pyrite-rich cyanide tailings as Fe2O3 and SO3 sources was investigated for this paper. The behavior of pyrite during the calcination of cyanide tailings under various calcination conditions and the propertie

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32

Reckeweg, Olaf, and Arndt Simon. "X-Ray and Raman Investigations on Cyanides ofMono- and DivalentMetals and Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Raman Spectrum of Tl5(CO3)2(CN)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 57, no. 8 (2002): 895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2002-0809.

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Pseudobinary cyanides of monovalent and divalent metals were synthesized, and X-ray and Raman data of the cyanides were measured. Single crystal X-ray structure analyses were performed on Zn(CN)2 (Pn3̄m (No. 224), a = 591.32(7) pm), Hg(CN)2 (I4̄2d (No. 122), a = 969.22(14) and c = 890,15(18) pm) and for the first time on AgCN (I4̄2d (No. 166), a = 600.58(8) and c = 526.28(11) pm). The data are compared with literature data. The reaction of TlF and NaCN in 25% aqueous ammonia solution in air led to Tl5(CO3)2(CN) which was characterized by X-ray (Cmca (No. 64), 1468.1(3), 1171.6(2) and 1266.0(3)

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33

Murgich, Juan, Ismardo Bonalde, and Jose A. Abanero. "N Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Study of the Phase Transitions of Ba[Fe(CN)5NO]·3H2O." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 45, no. 3-4 (1990): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1990-3-424.

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Abstract The 14N nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) of the cyanides in Ba[Fe(CN) s NO] · 3H2O (BNP) was observed between 77 and 293 K. Phase transitions exist at 118,131 (both weakly first order) and 233 K (second order). Most of the cyanides were perturbed by the structural changes except for one of the trans cyanides that was only affected by the transition at 131 K. The mechanism of the phase transitions is interpreted in terms of soft modes resulting from the ion rearrangement produced by the slowing down of the water molecules upon cooling. A comparison of the NQR spectrum of BNP with tha

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34

Tsybikova, B. A., A. A. Batoeva, M. R. Sizykh, and D. G. Aseev. "Photochemical Oxidation of Hexacyanoferrates in Aqueous Solutions." Журнал физической химии 97, no. 7 (2023): 980–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044453723070294.

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The main kinetic laws governing the photochemical degradation of stable cyanide compounds are studied using the example of hexacyanoferrates (HCFs) in the combined {Solar/S2O2−882−} oxidation system under the action of solar radiation. The efficient oxidation of intermediate products (toxic free cyanides) to nontoxic final products proceeds in the combined {Solar/S2O2−882−} system, in addition to the complete degradation of [Fe(CN)6]3− complex. The high efficiency of HCFs oxidation in the combined system is attributed to a conjugated ion-radical mechanism that includes (along with direct photo

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35

Zhao, Ziming, Yu Long, Sha Luo, Wei Wu, and Jiantai Ma. "Preparation of a magnetic mesoporous Fe3O4–Pd@TiO2 photocatalyst for the efficient selective reduction of aromatic cyanides." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 16 (2019): 6294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj06508j.

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36

Weidinger, Daniel, Gerald M. Sando, and Jeffrey C. Owrutsky. "Vibrational dynamics of metal cyanides." Chemical Physics Letters 489, no. 4-6 (2010): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2010.02.070.

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37

Kwiecińska-Mydlak, Anna, Marcin Sajdak, Katarzyna Rychlewska, and Jan Figa. "The role of a chemical loop in removal of hazardous contaminants from coke oven wastewater during its treatment." Open Chemistry 17, no. 1 (2019): 1288–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0142.

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AbstractCoke oven liquor is one of the most contaminated liquid streams generated by the coal processing industry, thus its proper treatment and utilization is crucial for sustainable and environmentally neutral plant operation. The conventional wastewater treatment process comprises of chemical and biological processes. Within the current research the detailed role of chemical treatment is described. Commercially available iron-based coagulants (PIX100, PIX100COP, PIX113, PIX116) were tested to understand their removal efficiency and impact on the stream parameters. The influence of iron dose

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38

Scheuer, Paul J. "Isocyanides and cyanides as natural products." Accounts of Chemical Research 25, no. 10 (1992): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar00022a001.

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39

Okubo, Masashi, Jérôme Long, Daniel R. Talham, and Rodrigue Lescouëzec. "Solid-state electrochemistry of metal cyanides." Comptes Rendus Chimie 22, no. 6-7 (2019): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crci.2019.04.005.

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40

Yngard, Ria A., Virender K. Sharma, Jan Filip, and Radek Zboril. "Ferrate(VI) Oxidation of Weak-Acid Dissociable Cyanides." Environmental Science & Technology 42, no. 8 (2008): 3005–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0720816.

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41

Fu, Zhengjiang, Xihan Cao, Shuiliang Wang, Shengmei Guo, and Hu Cai. "Conversions of aryl carboxylic acids into aryl nitriles using multiple types of Cu-mediated decarboxylative cyanation under aerobic conditions." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 18, no. 41 (2020): 8381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ob01945c.

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Two methods were developed for Cu-mediated decarboxylative cyanations of aryl carboxylic acids with malononitrile or AMBN as cyanating agent. The approaches display economical advantages in the synthesis of aryl cyanides from simple raw materials.

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42

Peng, Lifen, Zhifang Hu, Hong Wang, et al. "Direct cyanation, hydrocyanation, dicyanation and cyanofunctionalization of alkynes." RSC Advances 10, no. 17 (2020): 10232–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra01286f.

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Cyanation of alkynes was highlighted. Direct cyanation and hydrocyanation gave alkynyl cyanides and alkenyl nitriles. Dicyanation produced 1,2-dicyano adducts. Cyanofunctionalization afforded functional cyano compounds.

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43

Bartmann, Ekkehard, та Joachim Krause. "Synthesis of α,α-difluoronitriles from acyl cyanides". Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 61, № 1-2 (1993): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(00)80421-2.

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44

Basalaev, Yu M., A. M. Emelyanova, and A. V. Sidorova. "Crystalline, Electronic, and Vibrational Structures of Zinc Cyanides." Journal of Structural Chemistry 59, no. 8 (2018): 1761–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0022476618080012.

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45

Badini, Raúl G., Leonor E. Pasteris, Gustavo A. Argüello, and Eduardo H. Staricco. "Quenching of I (2P1/2) by halogen cyanides." International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 21, no. 8 (1989): 635–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550210804.

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46

Clark, James H., and Catherine V. A. Duke. "Supported cyanides: the interaction of potassium cyanide with high surface area inorganic support materials and the development of highly reactive cyanide reagents." Journal of Organic Chemistry 50, no. 8 (1985): 1330–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00208a046.

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47

Gonçalves, M. M. M., A. F. Pinto, and M. Granato. "Biodegradation of Free Cyanide, Thiocyanate and Metal Complexed Cyanides in Solutions with Different Compositions." Environmental Technology 19, no. 2 (1998): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593331908616665.

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48

Gharbi, C., Y. Ajili, D. Ben Abdallah, M. Mogren Al Mogren, and M. Hochlaf. "Collision excitation of sodium cyanide molecule by helium at low temperature." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 489, no. 3 (2019): 4322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2468.

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ABSTRACT Cyanides/isocyanides are the most common metal-containing molecules in interstellar medium. In this work, quantum scattering calculations were carried out to determine the rotational (de-)excitation cross-sections of the most stable form of the sodium cyanide molecule, t-NaCN, in collision with the helium atom. Rate coefficients for the first 43 rotational levels (up to ${j_{{K_a}{K_c}}}$ = 63,3) of NaCN were determined for kinetic temperatures ranging from 1 to 30 K. Prior to that, we constructed a new three-dimensional potential energy surface (3D-PES) for the t-NaCN–He interacting

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49

Arnold, Donald R., Kimberly A. McManus, and Mary S. W. Chan. "Photochemical nucleophile–olefin combination, aromatic substitution (photo-NOCAS) reaction, Part 13. The scope and limitations of the reaction with cyanide anion as the nucleophile." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 75, no. 8 (1997): 1055–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v97-126.

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The scope of the photochemical nucleophile–olefin combination, aromatic substitution (photo-NOCAS) reaction has been extended to include cyanide anion as the nucleophile. Highest yields of adducts were obtained when the alkene or diene has an oxidation potential less than ca. 1.5 V (SCE). No adducts were obtained from 2-methylpropene (9), oxidation potential 2.6 V. Oxidation of cyanide anion, by the radical cation of the alkene or diene, can compete with the combination. With the alkenes, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene (2) and 2-methyl-2-butene (10), both nitriles and isonitriles were obtained; isonitr

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50

Murahashi, Shun-Ichi, and Takeshi Naota. "Ruthenium-Catalyzed Oxidations for Selective Syntheses of Ketones and Acyl Cyanides. Selective Acylation of Amino Compounds with Acyl Cyanides." Synthesis 1993, no. 04 (1993): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1993-25877.

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