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1

Hoare, Deborah. "Subtypes of Developmental Coordination Disorder." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 11, no. 2 (1994): 158–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.11.2.158.

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Although the heterogeneity of children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) has been well documented, the search for subtypes within the DCD population with distinguishable profiles has been limited. The present study investigated whether a group of 80 children identified as having DCD could be classified into subtypes based on their performances on six perceptuo-motor tasks. Five clusters were identified and are discussed in terms of current understanding of DCD. This exploratory study supports the notion of heterogeneity within DCD samples, with five patterns of dysfunction emergin
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2

Kirby, Amanda, David Sugden, and Catherine Purcell. "Diagnosing developmental coordination disorders." Archives of Disease in Childhood 99, no. 3 (2013): 292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2012-303569.

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Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) affects around 5% of children and commonly overlaps with other developmental disorders including: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and specific language impairment (SLI). There is evidence to demonstrate the wide-ranging impact on all areas of functioning including psychiatric and learning domains. There is increasing evidence of the continuing impact into adulthood and the long-term negative effects on relationships and employment. There is a need for early identification and intervention to limit the l
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3

Cairney, John, Louis A. Schmidt, Scott Veldhuizen, Paul Kurdyak, John Hay, and Brent E. Faught. "Left-Handedness and Developmental Coordination Disorder." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 53, no. 10 (2008): 696–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370805301009.

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Objective: To examine the prevalence of left-handedness in a sample of children screened for developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Method: Using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency—Short Form (BOTMP-SF), 2297 children were screened with 128 scoring at or below the fifth percentile and identified as probable cases of DCD. Using the Movement-ABC (M-ABC) and the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test, 30 children (24 from the DCD group, and 6 who scored above the cut-off) were randomly selected for further assessment. Results: Among the students who had previously scored at or below t
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4

Mon-Williams, Mark A., Eve Pascal, and John P. Wann. "Ophthalmic Factors in Developmental Coordination Disorder." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 11, no. 2 (1994): 170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.11.2.170.

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Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) occurs in a small number of children who present with impaired body/eye coordination. No study of ophthalmic function in DCD exists despite vision’s primary role in perception. Ocular performance was therefore assessed with a battery of tests. Five hundred children aged between 5 and 7 years were involved in the study. Diagnosis of DCD was confirmed for 29 children by the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (ABC); 29 control children were randomly selected. Comprehensive examination with a battery of ophthalmic tests did not reveal any significant
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5

Ip, Angie, Elizabeth C. R. Mickelson, and Jill G. Zwicker. "Assessment, diagnosis, and management of developmental coordination disorder." Paediatrics & Child Health 26, no. 6 (2021): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxab047.

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Abstract Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects 5% to 6% of school-aged children. DCD can significantly impact early development and life-long functioning. Evidence supports promising interventions for DCD, but the disorder continues to be under-recognized and under-diagnosed. Paediatricians play an important role in the identification and management of DCD. This practice point, with accompanying tables, assists and supports paediatricians in diagnosing and managing uncomplicated cases of DCD.
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6

Kirby, Amanda. "Dyspraxia or developmental coordination disorder (DCD)." Practical Pre-School 2002, no. 32 (2002): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/prps.2002.1.32.40786.

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7

Henderson, Sheila E., and Leslie Henderson. "Toward an Understanding of Developmental Coordination Disorder." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 19, no. 1 (2002): 11–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.19.1.11.

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We consider three issues concerning unexpected difficulty in the acquisition of motor skills: terminology, diagnosis, and intervention. Our preference for the label Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) receives justification. Problems in diagnosis are discussed, especially in relation to the aetiology-dominated medical model. The high degree of overlap between DCD and other childhood disorders appears to militate against its acceptance as a distinct syndrome. In this context, we emphasize the need to determine whether incoordination takes different forms when it occurs alone is combined w
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8

Sujatha, B., Jagatheesan Alagesan, Priyanga Seemathan, and Sangeetha Sadhasivam. "Cardio respiratory fitness in children with developmental coordination disorder." Biomedicine 40, no. 4 (2021): 539–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v40i4.337.

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Introduction and Aim: Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental condition in children, with motor coordination disabilities. Children with DCD not only exhibit poor motor coordination, but also experience poor performance in physical activities and are found to have poor physical fitness. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cardio respiratory fitness in children with developmental coordination disorder.
 Materials and Methods: The materials used for the study were DCDQ’07 questionnaire, (Bruinink’s- Oseretsky Test-ed 2) BOT2 tool, (Diagnostic and Statistic
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9

Tsiotra, Georgia D., Alan M. Nevill, Andrew M. Lane, and Yiannis Koutedakis. "Physical Fitness and Developmental Coordination Disorder in Greek Children." Pediatric Exercise Science 21, no. 2 (2009): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.21.2.186.

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We investigated whether children with suspected Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD+) demonstrate different physical fitness levels compared with their normal peers (DCD−). Randomly recruited Greek children (n = 177) were assessed for body mass index (BMI), flexibility (SR), vertical jump (VJ), hand strength (HS), 40m dash, aerobic power, and motor proficiency. ANCOVA revealed a motor proficiency (i.e., DCD group) effect for BMI (p < .01), VJ (p < .01), and 40m speed (p < .01), with DCD+ children demonstrating lower values than DCD−. Differences between DCD+ and DCD− were also ob
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10

Cairney, John, John A. Hay, Brent E. Faught, Andreas Flouris, and Panagiota Klentrou. "Developmental Coordination Disorder and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children." Pediatric Exercise Science 19, no. 1 (2007): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.19.1.20.

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It is not known whether children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) have lower cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) than children without the disorder, or whether this relationship varies by age and gender. These issues are examined using a cross-sectional assessment of children 9-14 years of age (N = 549). Participants were screened for DCD using the short form Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP-SF). A BOTMP-SF age-adjusted standard score at or below the 10th percentile rank on the BOTMP-SF was required to classify a diagnosis for probable DCD. CRF was determined from
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11

Lopez, C., C. Hemimou, and L. Vaivre-Douret. "Handwriting disorders in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD): Exploratory study." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.494.

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IntroductionAlthough more than 85% of children with DCD are affected by handwriting disorders, their characteristics and underlying mechanisms remain poorly known.ObjectivesWe aim to better identify the nature of handwriting disorders in subtyping DCD children.MethodsSchool children aged between 5 to 15 years and exhibited a DCD (according to DSM-5) are eligible for inclusion. They were classified in three subtypes of DCD: ideomotor (IM), visual-spatial and/or constructional (VSC), and mixed (MX). They were assessed with a standardized handwriting evaluation including quality and speed and a c
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12

Geuze, Reint H. "Postural Control in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder." Neural Plasticity 12, no. 2-3 (2005): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/np.2005.183.

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The development of static balance is a basic characteristic of normal motor development. Most developmental motor tests include a measure of static balance. Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) often fail this item. This study reviews the balance problems of children with DCD. The general conclusion is drawn that under normal conditions static balance control is not a problem for children with DCD. Only in difficult, unattended, or novel situations such children seem to suffer from increased postural sway. These findings raise the question of what happens when balance is los
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13

Wright, Helen C., and David A. Sugden. "The Nature of Developmental Coordination Disorder: Inter- and Intragroup Differences." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 13, no. 4 (1996): 357–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.13.4.357.

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The nature of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) in a selected group of Singaporean children (n = 69) aged 6-9 years was investigated by two methods: an intergroup comparison of children with DCD and matched controls (n = 69), and an intragroup study on the same children with DCD in the search for subtypes within this group. The results from the two approaches demonstrate that while the children with DCD are clearly different from the control subjects, the difficulties seen within the DCD group are not common to all the children. Four identifiable subtypes were found within the children
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Woodruff, Sarah J., Connie Bothwell-Myers, Maureen Tingley, and Wayne J. Albert. "Gait Pattern Classification of Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 19, no. 3 (2002): 378–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.19.3.378.

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The purpose was to develop an index of walking performance and to examine gait pattern classifications of children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). The San Diego database (Sutherland, Olshen, Biden, & Wyatt, 1988) provided data for our calculation of the index and for determining that the index was able to differentiate between gait variables of older (ages 3 to 7) and younger (ages 1 to 2.5) children comprising the database. We obtained cinematographical data on 17 biomechanical markers of 6 boys and 1 girl, ages 6 to 7, with DCD, during walking. Analysis of individuals wit
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15

Piek, Jan P., Daniela Rigoli, Jillian G. Pearsall-Jones, et al. "Depressive Symptomatology in Child and Adolescent Twins With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and/or Developmental Coordination Disorder." Twin Research and Human Genetics 10, no. 4 (2007): 587–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.10.4.587.

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AbstractPrevious research has demonstrated a link between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and depression. The present study utilized a monozygotic (MZ) differences design to investigate differences in depressive symptomatology between MZ twins discordant for ADHD or DCD. This extends previous research as it controls for genetic effects and shared environmental influences and enables the investigation of nonshared environmental influences. In addition, children and adolescents with comorbid ADHD and DCD were compared on their level of
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16

Van Waelvelde, Hilde, Willy De Weerdt, Paul De Cock, Bouwien C. M. Smits-Engelsman, and Wim Peersman. "Ball Catching Performance in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 21, no. 4 (2004): 348–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.21.4.348.

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The aim of this study was to compare the quality of ball catching performance of children with DCD to the performance of younger typically developing children. The outcome measures used were a modified ball catching item of the Test of Gross Motor Development and the number of grasping errors in a ball catching test. In the study, children with DCD were matched with younger typically developing children according to gender and the number of caught balls in the ball catching test. Children with DCD made significantly more grasping errors and scored significantly lower on the modified TGMD-item.
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17

Cunningham, Adam C., Sue Delport, Wendy Cumines, et al. "Developmental coordination disorder, psychopathology and IQ in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome." British Journal of Psychiatry 212, no. 1 (2018): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2017.6.

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Background22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is associated with high rates of neurodevelopmental disorder, however, the links between developmental coordination disorder (DCD), intellectual function and psychiatric disorder remain unexplored.AimsTo establish the prevalence of indicative DCD in children with 22q11.2DS and examine associations with IQ, neurocognition and psychopathology.MethodNeurocognitive assessments and psychiatric interviews of 70 children with 22q11.2DS (mean age 11.2, s.d. = 2.2) and 32 control siblings (mean age 11.5, s.d. = 2.1) were carried out in their homes. Nine c
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18

Raynor, Annette J. "Fractionated Reflex and Reaction Times in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder." Motor Control 2, no. 2 (1998): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/mcj.2.2.114.

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The patellar tendon reflex (PTR) and simple visual reaction time (VRT) were fractionated and compared in 40 subjects with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and normal coordination (NC) in two age groups. Four equal groups of subjects, 6 years DCD (6DCD), 6 years NC (6NC), 9 years DCD (9DCD), and 9 years NC (9NC) were compared using ANOVA for the main effects of coordination and age. PTR and its components of reflex latency and motor time were not significantly affected by the level of coordination; however, a significant coordination by age interaction (p< .05) revealed an increased
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Ganapathy Sankar U and Monisha R. "Evaluation of Multiple Interacting Factors Associated with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2020): 6286–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3312.

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Developmental coordination disorder is termed as a motor functioning disorder and it shows a major impact on motor learning and functioning. The aim of the current research is to have a critical analysis of the developmental coordination disorder using ICF model. However DCD is identified by functional limitations, there are associated factors which were left unattended. We discuss the participation restriction, body function and structural defects and other contextual factors associated with DCD. It has been highlighted that primary and secondary defects associated with developmental coordina
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20

Sangster, Claire A., Claire Beninger, Helene J. Polatajko, and Angela Mandich. "Cognitive Strategy Generation in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 72, no. 2 (2005): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000841740507200201.

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Background. Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a condition of impaired quality of movement and occupational performance. It has been hypothesized that the difficulties experienced by children with DCD may in part be due to an impaired ability to use cognitive strategies to solve occupational performance problems. Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) is a verbally-based approach to helping children remediate this difficulty. The current pilot study investigated the use of cognitive strategies in children with DCD to determine whether cognitive strategy use i
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Montes-Montes, Rebeca, Laura Delgado-Lobete, and Sara Rodríguez-Seoane. "Developmental Coordination Disorder, Motor Performance, and Daily Participation in Children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder." Children 8, no. 3 (2021): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8030187.

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Children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often present with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) or motor coordination problems that further impact their daily functioning. However, little is known about the prevalence of co-occurring DCD and ADHD in the Spanish context, and research about the impact of ADHD on performance and participation in motor-based activities of daily living (ADL) is scarce. The aims of this study were to explore the prevalence of co-occurring DCD in children with ADHD, and to examine differences in performance and participation in motor-ba
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Gillberg, Christopher, and Björn Kadesjö. "Why Bother About Clumsiness? The Implications of Having Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)." Neural Plasticity 10, no. 1-2 (2003): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/np.2003.59.

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Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a common motor problem affecting—even in rather severe form—several percent of school age children. In the past, DCD has usually been called ‘clumsy child syndrome’ or ‘non-cerebralpalsy motor-perception dysfunction’. This disorder is more common in boys than in girls and is very often associated with psychopathology, particularly with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders/ autistic-type problems. Conversely, children with ADHD and autism spectrum problems, particularly those given a diagnosis of Asperger synd
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Missiuna, Cheryl. "Motor Skill Acquisition in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 11, no. 2 (1994): 214–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.11.2.214.

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Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) demonstrate coordination difficulties during the learning of novel motor skills; no previous studies, however, have investigated their ability to learn and then generalize a new movement. This study compared 24 young children with DCD with 24 age-matched control children (AMC) during the early stages of learning a simple aiming task. Children with DCD were found to perform more poorly than their peers on measures of acquired motor skill, and to react and move more slowly at every level of task performance. The effect of age and its relati
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TRIFU, Raluca Nicoleta. "Developmental coordination disorder DCD – terminology, diagnosis and intervention. The implication for speech therapy." Revista Română de Terapia Tulburărilor de Limbaj şi Comunicare VI, no. 2 (2020): 101–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26744/rrttlc.2020.6.2.10.

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Developmental coordination disorder DCD is a specific set of impairments corelated with gross and fine motor disfunction, poor motor planning and impaired sensor integration. The term is use wildly for this condition, based on the proposed term made by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5), but others terms such as dyspraxia, specific motor dysfunction, specific coordination motor disfunction (ICD – 10) are used and preferred in the same time. The article displays the multiple terms used in the literature connected with the DCD, the criteria for diagnosis, the impli
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Esposito, Maria, Francesco Precenzano, Ilaria Bitetti, et al. "Sleep Macrostructure and NREM Sleep Instability Analysis in Pediatric Developmental Coordination Disorder." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 19 (2019): 3716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193716.

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Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is considered to be abnormal motor skills learning, identified by clumsiness, slowness, and/or motor inaccuracy impairing the daily-life activities in all ages of life, in the absence of sensory, cognitive, or neurological deficits impairment. The present research focuses on studying DCD sleep structure and Cyclic Alternating Pattern (CAP) parameters with a full overnight polysomnography and to study the putative correlations between sleep architecture and CAP parameters with motor coordination skills. The study was a cross-sectional design involving 4
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Ganapathy Sankar U and Monisha R. "High Risk for Obesity in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2020): 6436–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3437.

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Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is characterized by marked impairment in the acquisition of motor skill. The poor performance of movement skills marks developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and this defect affects the child's activities of daily living in innumerous ways. The ability of the child in the execution of the motor task is substantially below that expected for a child's chronological age and intelligence. DCD affects the child's ability in performing both gross and fine motor skills. Performing the Variety of motor tasks is impaired, and the child is isolated socially
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Volman, M. J. M., and Reint H. Geuze. "Stability of Rhythmic Finger Movements in Children with a Developmental Coordination Disorder." Motor Control 2, no. 1 (1998): 34–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/mcj.2.1.34.

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The stability of single and bimanual (i.e., in-phase and antiphase) rhythmic finger movements was studied in 24 children with a developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and 24 matched controls from a dynamic pattern perspective. Stability was assessed by applying perturbations and measuring the time the system needed to return to its initial stability (i.e., the relaxation time). In addition, fluctuations of the patterns were measured. For antiphase coordination patterns, the frequency at which loss of stability occurred was also determined. Children with DCD displayed less stable single and
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Deconinck, Frederik J. A., Dirk De Clercq, Rudy Van Coster, et al. "Sensory Contributions to Balance in Boys with Developmental Coordination Disorder." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 25, no. 1 (2008): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.25.1.17.

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This study examined and compared the control of posture during bilateral stance in ten boys with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) of 6-8 years old and ten matched typically developing boys in four sensory conditions (with or without vision, on a firm or complaint surface). In all conditions mean postural sway velocity was larger for the boys with DCD, in spite of a normal score on the balance items of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children. A Group X Condition interaction revealed a larger dependency on vision in the boys with DCD when standing on a firm surface. These results s
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Yu, Jie, Cindy H. P. Sit, Angus Burnett, Catherine M. Capio, Amy S. C. Ha, and Wendy Y. J. Huang. "Effects of Fundamental Movement Skills Training on Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 33, no. 2 (2016): 134–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2015-0008.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of fundamental movement skills (FMS) training on FMS proficiency, self-perceived physical competence (SPC), physical activity (PA), and sleep disturbance in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) compared with children with typical development (TD). A total of 84 children were allocated into either experimental group (DCD[exp], TD[exp]) who received 6 weeks of FMS training or control groups (DCD[con], TD[con]). FMS were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2, whereas PA was monitored using accelerometers. SPC a
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Sprinkle, Judith, and John Hammond. "Family, Health, and Developmental Background of Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 14, no. 1 (1997): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0816512200027656.

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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to investigate the family background, health-related conditions, and the developmental milestones of children identified with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). The parents of a sample of 17 children with DCD responded to questionnaires followed by an interview. The responses were analysed for family, health, and developmental background, psychosocial environment, limited movement opportunity, and hereditary factors. Many of the findings were consistent with issues identified in the literature, including demographic profiles, birth trauma, delayed
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Ganapathy Sankar U and Monisha R. "Evaluation of aerobic fitness among children with developmental coordination disorder- does individual differences exist." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2020): 6553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3542.

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A characteristic hallmark motor in proficiency marks developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Children with DCD have low confidence in their physical abilities and lower perceived self-efficacy toward physical activities than their age-matched peer-group children without DCD. The study aims to evaluate aerobic fitness among children diagnosed with Developmental Coordination Disorder and to examine whether their lies any individual differences among children, who were suspects of DCD. Twenty children were enrolled in after baseline examination as DCD using DCDQ. Each child completed 6 Minute
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Coleman, R., J. P. Piek, and D. J. Livesey. "Kinaesthetic Acuity in Preprimary Children at Risk of Developmental Coordination Disorder." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 14, no. 1 (1997): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0816512200027681.

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ABSTRACTThe current study examined kinaesthetic acuity and Performance IQ in preprimary children (aged 4-5 years) at risk of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD; American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Individual assessment of 317 children over four sessions at their pre-primary centre identified 31 children at risk of Developmental Coordination Disorder. These children were matched with 31 control children on age, gender, and Verbal IQ. The two groups were assessed using three Performance IQ subtests of the WPPSI-R and the Kinaesthetic Acuity Test (KAT, Livesey & Parkes, 1995). The
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Larkin, Dawne, and Helen E. Parker. "Teaching Landing to Children with and Without Developmental Coordination Disorder." Pediatric Exercise Science 10, no. 2 (1998): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.10.2.123.

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This study investigated landing patterns of children aged 7–9 years with either developmental coordination disorder (DCD) or without coordination problems (NC). Initially, 16 DCD and 15 NC children were videotaped performing two-foot landings from a height of 21.5 cm onto a force platform sampling at 500 Hz. Each landing was videotaped at 60 Hz. Regression modeling of the data identified that 72% of peak maximum loading force was explained by landing time, knee angle at touchdown, and hip joint range of motion. Dis-criminant function analysis using landing force, landing time and lower limb jo
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Kilroy, Emily, Sharon A. Cermak, and Lisa Aziz-Zadeh. "A Review of Functional and Structural Neurobiology of the Action Observation Network in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Developmental Coordination Disorder." Brain Sciences 9, no. 4 (2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9040075.

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Recent research has reported motor impairment similarities between children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and a subgroup of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, there is a debate as to whether DCD is a co-occurring diagnosis in individuals with ASD and motor impairments (ASDd), or if motor impairments in ASD are distinct from DCD. However, the etiology of motor impairments is not well understood in either disorder. Clarifying comorbidities in ASD is important to determine different etiopathological phenotyping clusters in ASD and to understand the variety
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Ganapathy Sankar U and Monisha R. "Evaluation of health-related quality of life among parents of children with developmental coordination disorder." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2020): 6363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3393.

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Developmental coordination disorder (DCD),is a vastly reported disorder with a prevalence estimated of 7-8% in children aged 5 to 10 years. There is a false perception of parents of children with DCD that their children will come out of the motor coordination defects as they age (Adults). This false perception affects the child directly, and they will not outgrow of the problem, however, becomes socially isolated. Motor difficulties reported in children with DCD are heterogeneous. When the HRQOL focuses on children's, it is mandatory to include the domains that elaborate the illness, mental he
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Ganapathy Sankar U and Monisha R. "Effectiveness Of Two Task-Oriented Interventions Over Cardiorespiratory Fitness And Motor Performance In Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) - A Pilot Study." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2020): 6399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3400.

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Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is identified as a heterogeneous disorder of motor learning and functioning. Children with DCD avoid physical activities in school as because of low self-esteem; they perceive themselves less capable and avoids peer group interactions at school. They tend to isolate themselves from an academic task as well as from physical activity sessions. Neuromotor task training and WII training are task-based interventions designed to enhance motor performance among children with developmental coordination disorder. Aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness
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Golenia, Laura, Raoul M. Bongers, Jessika F. van Hoorn, Egbert Otten, Leonora J. Mouton, and Marina M. Schoemaker. "Variability in coordination patterns in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD)." Human Movement Science 60 (August 2018): 202–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2018.06.009.

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Ganapathy Sankar U and Monisha R. "Evaluation of Hand Strength, Handwriting, and Functional Skills in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2020): 6347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3390.

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Dysgraphia and difficulty in activities of daily living skill are well documented in the research database as impairments affecting children with developmental coordination disorder. Pinch and grip strength has a predominant role in various activities of daily living skills, and a child can fulfil the playing skill only with good pinch and grip strength. To estimate hand strength evolution difference in children with developmental coordination disorder and to analyze the correlations in grip and pinch strength, handwriting and its components, and activities of daily living skills in children w
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Della Barba, Patricia Carla de Souza, Erika Marques Luiz, Raquel Cristina Pinheiro, and Gerusa Ferreira Lourenço. "Prevalence of Developmental Coordination Disorder signs in children 5 to 14 years in São Carlos." Motricidade 13, no. 3 (2017): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.6063/motricidade.10058.

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This study aimed to identify the prevalence of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) in children aged 5-14 years, enrolled in public preschools and elementary schools in São Carlos - SP. There were 130 participating families. Instruments were: Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire – Brazil (DCDQ - Brazil), Brazil criteria and a questionnaire for the characterization of children. The prevalence of DCD found was 30%, which is overestimated when compared to data found in much of the literature, justified by the use of the instrument for detection of the DCD. No significant differe
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Lefebvre, Carole, and Greg Reid. "Prediction in Ball Catching by Children with and without a Developmental Coordination Disorder." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 15, no. 4 (1998): 299–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.15.4.299.

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This study aimed to determine how predicting ability in ball catching changes with age and to explore this among children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) as judged by performance on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Henderson & Sugden, 1992) and by clinical evaluation. In Experiment 1, participants were 157 non-DCD children, age 5-12. In Experiment 2, 46 participants (age 5-7) from Experiment 1 were controls for 40 same-age children with a DCD. In Experiment 1, younger children (age 5-6) did not predict ball flight as well as older groups at short viewing times,
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Asonitou, Katerina, and Dimitra Koutsouki. "Cognitive process-based subtypes of developmental coordination disorder (DCD)." Human Movement Science 47 (June 2016): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2016.01.002.

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Przysucha, Eryk P., and Brian K. V. Maraj. "Nature of Spatial Coupling in Children With and Without Developmental Coordination Disorder in Ball Catching." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 30, no. 3 (2013): 213–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.30.3.213.

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The nature of intra- and interlimb (bimanual) coordination was examined in ten boys with (M = 10.5 years, SD = 1.0) and without DCD (M = 10.8 years, SD = .9) in a two-handed catching task. Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) caught significantly fewer balls (MDCD = 56%, SD = 17.6 vs. MnoDCD = 93%, SD = 7.5), and both groups solved the “degrees of freedom problem” differently at intralimb level of coordination. Typically developing children coupled and decoupled the respective spatial relations, whereas the majority of children with DCD segmented their actions. At interlimb
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Prunty, Mellissa, and Anna L. Barnett. "Accuracy and Consistency of Letter Formation in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder." Journal of Learning Disabilities 53, no. 2 (2019): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022219419892851.

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Handwriting difficulties are frequently mentioned in descriptions of developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Recent studies have shown that children with DCD pause more and produce less text than typically developing (TD) peers. This temporal dysfluency indicates a lack of automaticity in handwriting production. One possible contributing factor is the accuracy and consistency of letter formation. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of handwriting dysfluency by examining the accuracy and consistency of letter production both within and across different writing tasks. A t
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Cairney, John, John Hay, Brent Faught, James Mandigo, and Andreas Flouris. "Developmental Coordination Disorder, Self-Efficacy Toward Physical Activity, and Play: Does Gender Matter?" Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 22, no. 1 (2005): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.22.1.67.

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This study investigated the effect of gender on the relationship between Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) and self-reported participation in organized and recreational free-play activities. A participation-activity questionnaire and the short form Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency was administered to a large sample of children ages 9 to 14 (N = 590). A total of 44 children (19 boys, 25 girls) were identified as having probable DCD. Regardless of gender, children with DCD had lower self-efficacy toward physical activity and participated in fewer organized and recreational p
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Karkling, Morgan, Alissa Paul, and Jill G. Zwicker. "Occupational therapists’ awareness of guidelines for assessment and diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 84, no. 3 (2017): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008417417700915.

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Background. Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a motor skills disorder that can have negative lifelong psychosocial impacts if not diagnosed. Occupational therapists have a role in facilitating a diagnosis for children with DCD through assessment. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of understanding of current DCD guidelines for assessment and diagnosis among occupational therapists working in paediatric settings in British Columbia, Canada. Method. An online survey was e-mailed to occupational therapists who consented to be contacted for research purposes;
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U, Ganapathy Sankar, Monisha R, Christopher Amalraj Vallaba Doss, and Palanivel R M. "Vitamin D Adequacy & Improvements In Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 2 (2020): 1400–1402. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i2.2008.

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Children and adults with Developmental coordination disorder are more prevalent in vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D – Sunshine vitamin is deficient because of poor physical activity in the green land. Vitamin D plays a vital role in muscle coordination &neural activation. It also enhances immunity, boosts metabolism and protects against secondary infections. When research articles related to vitamin D level supplementation are reviewed, it has been identified that the focus of the research was on risk-benefits. Researches were focused towards general interpretations of the test result. Vita
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Wuang, Yee-Pay, Chih-Chung Wang, and Mao-Hsiung Huang. "Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder and Their Parents." OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health 32, no. 4 (2012): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/15394492-20120607-03.

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This study measured health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and their parents. A convenience sample of 369 children with DCD (144 girls; mean age: 11.2 ± 3.66 years) and 360 children with typical development (146 girls; mean age: 11.4 ± 4.09 years) was enrolled. The Bruininks—Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition was used to classify the DCD group into five levels of motor abilities. The HRQOL of the children was assessed with the Child Health Questionnaire-Parent Form 50, and the HRQOL of the parents was assessed with the
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Saidmamatov, Orifjon, and Raximov Quvondiq Ozodovich. "Improving the Motor Skills of Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder." Journal La Edusci 2, no. 1 (2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallaedusci.v2i1.263.

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Past examinations uncover that the prescient control of developments is weakened in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), most likely connected with shortfall within the inner modelling of movements. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a motor skills training program in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder. The study was done at four kindergartens in the Khorezm region of Uzbekistan for duration of 10 weeks. All 27 children with DCD who taken part were referred to the research and score at and below the 16th percentile for their age on
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Przysucha, Eryk P., and M. Jane Taylor. "Control of Stance and Developmental Coordination Disorder: The Role of Visual Information." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 21, no. 1 (2004): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.21.1.19.

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The purpose of this study was to compare the postural sway profiles of 20 boys with and without Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) on two conditions of a quiet standing task: eyes open and eyes closed. Anterior-posterior (AP) sway, medio-lateral sway (LAT), area of sway, total path length, and Romberg’s quotient were analyzed. When visual information was available, there was no difference between groups in LAT sway or path length. However, boys with DCD demonstrated more AP sway (p < .01) and greater area of sway (p < .03), which resulted in pronounced excursions closer to their s
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Ganapathy Sankar U and Monisha R. "Effectiveness of Motor Imagery Training for Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder Among Indian Children- A Pilot Study." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2020): 6522–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3534.

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Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) experiences difficulty in performing coordinated movement task as there is a defect in the internal of movements. The of DCD has been examined in several studies which reveal several viable hypotheses including reduced processing speed, problems in executive functioning, poor cross-model integration and low perceptual-motor coupling. Researchers well documented that the predictive control of movements is impaired in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), it was examined that impaired control of movements was due to a def
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