Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Digital video recorder'

Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
The work presented in this Thesis relates to the increased capabilities of the mobile Internet and the possible use of cellphones as an enhancement to video surveillance systems. The focus of the Thesis is on the delivery of live video content to Java enabled cellphones. The various characteristics, capabilities and limitations of the mobile networks- and phones are investigated. Various options for streaming video content to cellphones are also explored. The design and implementation of a digital surveillance system with the ability to stream live video to a cellphone is presented. Two versions of the streaming protocol are developed and implemented in cellphone applications, with which the video stream can be viewed. An evaluation and real-life testing of the applications are presented. Recommendations regarding further enhancements are provided.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
A need has been identified in the Test and Evaluation (T&E) and tactical aircraft communities for a ruggedized high-speed instrumentation data recorder to complement the ever-increasing number of high frame-rate digital cameras and sensors. High-speed digital camera manufacturers are entering this market in order to provide adequate recording capability for their own cameras. This paper discusses a Solid-State Data Recorder (SSDR) for use in Imaging and High-Speed Sensor Data Aquisition applications. The SSDR is capable of a 10.4 Gb/sec sustained, 16Gb/sec burst, input data rate via a proprietary 32-channel-by-10-bit generic high-speed parallel interface, a massively-parallel 256-bit bus architecture, and unique memory packaging design. A 32-bit PCIbus control/archive and dedicated DCRsi™ interface are also employed, allowing data archiving to standard high-speed interfaces (SCSI, Fiber-Channel, USB, etc.) and DCRsi™-compatible tape recorders.

This thesis deals with analysis of company’s MBG, spol. s r.o. problems, following with teoretical basis for these problems and in the end, it suggests the solutions. These problems are insufficient monitoring, any of used technology are old and absent of any information security management system. The first part is focused on a teoretical basis for the described problems, the second part will completely analyze all mentioned problems of a company. Final part will contain a solution for every company’s problem, based on theory and analysis with taking care about company’s demand too.

This research analyzes media agency executives' perceptions and strategic decision-making processes when accessing the impact of digital video recorders (DVRs) on the traditional television commercial spot. Strategic decision-making models, as well as major industry research, forms the theoretical framework used to guide the study. The research takes a quantitative approach using a survey in order to obtain the perceptions and decision-making processes of the media agency executives'. The findings are presented while a discussion of the findings is detailed. The thesis concludes with a summary of the overall thesis research as applied to the field of study.

Cilj istraživanja je konstrukcija profesionalnogidentiteta vizuelnih umetnica koje stvaraju uVojvodini krajem 20. i početkom 21. veka,analiza njihovog umetničkog rada i života,ukazivanje na mogućnosti njihovog povoljnijegpoložaja.Hipoteza 1: Nedovoljna je valorizacijavizuelnih umetnica Vojvodine, naročito onihkoje se bave novim tehnologijama.Hipoteza 2: Nevidljiv je njihov doprinosznačaju za razvoj aktuelne umetničke prakse i usistemu visokog obrazovanja.Hipoteza 3: Značaj umetničkog rada ovihvizuelnih umetnica ne prepoznaju masovnimediji, što još više doprinosi njihovojnevidljivosti u javnosti.U istraživanju su primenjene analize:svedočenja (intervjui) umetnica; analizetekstova o umetnicama, analize umetničkihradova umetnica.Osnovni korpus istraživanja čine razgovoriautorke sa umetnicama, ukupno 12 umetnicavezane za Vojvodinu, tekstovi o njima i njihoviumetnički radovi.Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da jeumetnicama profesionalni identitetnajistaknutiji, ostalim pristupaju kaopromenljivim kategorijama; da pridaju važnostprenošenju znanja i formiranju novih kadrova,te uvođenju ženskog identiteta u umetnost;ističu da im nedostaje finansijska sigurnost uprofesiji, te da rešenje vide u udruživanju iizgradnji mreže saradnica (međugeneracijskih,umetničkih, interdisciplinarnih, lokalnih,regionalnih i internacionalnih).Zaključujem da je istraživanje ukazalo da suumetnice koje se bave novim medijima uVojvodini delimično valorizovane. O njima jepisan veći broj tekstova, ali su oni rasutu porazličitim izvorima, na mnogim jezicima imestima (lokalno, regionalno, internacionalno).Politika institucija kulture im nije posvetiladovoljno pažnje kada su u pitanju monografskepublikacije i retrospektivne izložbe, otkupiumetničkih radova i sl. Njihov doprinos nijedovoljno vidljiv u sistemu visokog obrazovanja,a značaj njihovog umetničkog rada neprepoznaju dovoljno mas-mediji.Istraživanjem su prvi put umetnice koje se bavenovim medijima u Vojvodini krajem 20. ipočetkom 21. veka okupljene u jednu celinu.Izneti podaci o njihovoj generacijskoj,medijskoj, umetničkoj i drugoj povezanostipredstavljaju samo početak budućih istraživanjau okviru istorije i teorije umetnosti. Za njih jeizgrađivanje profesionalnog identiteta kaobogatstva različitosti najvažnije, ali je onuklopljen u mnogostruke ženske mreže ipovezanosti jer je to jedan od načina njegovograzvoja i opstanka.Ukupni podaci o različitim aspektima identitetaumetnica novih medija mogu doprineti opštojdiskusiji o prirodi identiteta.Preporuka je da se uspostavi sistem čuvanja nesamo radova, već arhiviranja dokumentacije oumetnicama novih medija budući da su podacirasuti po različitim izvorima i privatnimkolekcijama, slabo dostupni javnosti; da se ugalerijama i muzejima koji nemaju posebnoizdvojena sredstva za mlade umetnike/ce, zaprodukciju umetničkih radova i sl. uvede sličnapraksa; takođe nedovoljno kritičara i kritičarkikoji prate nove medije predstavlja problem kojitreba rešavati.Iz svega izloženog pokazali smo da je reč oumetničkim izrazima i umetničkim praksamakoje osvajaju prostor i otuda je prvi važanrezultat analize u ovom radu to što su najednom mestu pokazane različite prakse i totako da se sučeljavaju ocene o njihovom radu sasvedočenjem samih umetnica o sopstvenimradovima i dilemama. 
The aim of the research is the construction ofthe professional identity of female visual artistswho are creating in Vojvodina in the late 20thand early 21st century, an analysis of theirartistic work and life, pointing to thepossibilities of their favorable position.Hypothesis 1: Valorization of female visualartists of Vojvodina is insufficient, especiallythose dealing with new technologies.Hypothesis 2: Their contribution for thedevelopment of current art practice and in thehigher education system is invisible.Hypothesis 3: The importance of the artisticwork of these female visual artists is notrecognized by the mass media, which furthercontributes to their invisibility in the public.The research involved these analyzes: femaleartists testimonies (interviews); analysis of textsabout female artists, analyzes of art works byfemale artists.The main research corpus is the interviews ofthe author with female artists, a total of 12female artists related to Vojvodina, texts aboutthem and their art works.The results of the research have shown that forthe female artists the professional identity is themost prominent identity, to other identities theyapproach as to variable categories; they giveimportance to the transfer of knowledge, to theformation of new personnel and to theintroduction of women's identity in art;emphasize that they lack financial confidence inthe profession and that they see the solution inthe merging and building of a network ofcollaborators (intergenerational, artistic,interdisciplinary, local, regional andinternational).I conclude that the research indicated thatfemale artists dealing with new media inVojvodina are partially valorized. A number oftexts are written about them, but they are spreadacross different sources, in many languages andplaces (locally, regionally, internationally). Thepolitics of the cultural institutions did not givethem enough attention when it comes tomonographic publications and retrospectiveexhibitions, the purchase of art works, etc. Theircontribution is not sufficiently visible in thehigher education system and the importance oftheir artistic work is not sufficiently recognizedby mass media.This research is the first time that female artistswho are engaged in new media art in Vojvodinain the late 20th and early 21st century have beenintegrated into one whole. The presented dataon their generational, media, artistic and otherconnections are only the beginning of futureresearch within the history and theory of art.For them, building the professional identity asthe wealth of diversity is the most important,but it is integrated into multiple women'snetworks and connections because it is one ofthe ways of its development and survival.The overall data on different aspects of theidentity of female new media artists cancontribute to a general discussion of the natureof identity.It is recommended to establish a system forstoring not only works, but also archivingdocumentation about female new media artists,since the data that is scattered across differentsources and private collections is not readilyavailable to the public; that in galleries andmuseums that do not have special fundsallocated for young artists/female artists, for theproduction of works of art, etc., introducesimilar practices; also insufficient critics andfemale critics who follow new media art is aproblem that needs to be addressed.From all of the exhibited we have shown that itis about artistic expressions and artisticpractices that conquer space and hence the firstimportant result of the analysis in this paper isthat different practices have been shown in oneplace, so that the evaluation of their work isconfronted with the testimony of the femaleartists themselves about their own works anddilemmas. 

У овој дисертацији разматране су објективне мере процене квалитетаслике и видеа са потпуним и делимичним референцирањем на изворнисигнал. За потребе евалуације квалитета развијене су поуздане,рачунски ефикасне мере, засноване на очувању информација оградијенту. Мере су тестиране на великом броју тест слика и видеосеквенци, различитих типова и степена деградације. Поред јавнодоступних база слика и видео секвенци, за потребе истраживањаформиране су и нове базе видео секвенци са преко 300 релевантнихтест узорака. Поређењем доступних субјективних и објективних скороваквалитета показано је да је објективна евалуација квалитета веомасложен проблем, али га је могуће решити и доћи до високихперформанси коришћењем предложених мера процене квалитета сликеи видеа.
U ovoj disertaciji razmatrane su objektivne mere procene kvalitetaslike i videa sa potpunim i delimičnim referenciranjem na izvornisignal. Za potrebe evaluacije kvaliteta razvijene su pouzdane,računski efikasne mere, zasnovane na očuvanju informacija ogradijentu. Mere su testirane na velikom broju test slika i videosekvenci, različitih tipova i stepena degradacije. Pored javnodostupnih baza slika i video sekvenci, za potrebe istraživanjaformirane su i nove baze video sekvenci sa preko 300 relevantnihtest uzoraka. Poređenjem dostupnih subjektivnih i objektivnih skorovakvaliteta pokazano je da je objektivna evaluacija kvaliteta veomasložen problem, ali ga je moguće rešiti i doći do visokihperformansi korišćenjem predloženih mera procene kvaliteta slikei videa.
This thesis presents an investigation into objective image and video qualityassessment with full and reduced reference on original (source) signal. Forquality evaluation purposes, reliable, computational efficient, gradient-basedmeasures are developed. Proposed measures are tested on different imageand video datasets, with various types of distorsions and degradation levels.Along with publicly available image and video quality datasets, new videoquality datasets are maded, with more than 300 relevant test samples.Through comparison between available subjective and objective qualityscores it has been shown that objective quality evaluation is highly complexproblem, but it is possible to resolve it and acchieve high performance usingproposed quality measures.

This diploma thesis deals with design, realization and analysis of security and surveillance systems for buildings and spaces containing advanced components. One of the main design's parts is dedicated to intruder alarm system, access system, attendance and CCTV systems with the possibility of automatic motion tracking. Controlling and monitoring of particular subsystems is possible both locally and remotely from a computer via a web interface or by means of a software. The access to camera system from a mobile phone is also possible. IAS/ACS systems also enable controlling and transferring information about their state via SMS. The designed system was realized completely and its operating was demonstrated. The realization is described in detail including illustration of configuration of particular components. A security analysis and a possible future development of the project is summarized in the conclusion.

Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Diplomarbeit wurden etablierte Systemsoftware-Updatefunktionen von DVB-Empfangsgeräten untersucht. Auf der Grundlage einer gezielten Analyse der Nutzersicht auf diese Systeme wurden dabei wiederkehrende Problematiken in der Durchführung aufgedeckt und mangelhafte Benutzer-Transparenz sowie deren Konsequenzen beleuchtet. Die Studie erfolgt in Form einer Online-Umfrage unter Nutzern themenbezogener Fach- bzw. Diskussionsforen. Mittels einer kritischen Bewertung der existierenden Systemsoftware-Updatemodelle unter gleichzeitiger Berücksichtigung der Hersteller- und Nutzerinteressen erfolgte eine Favorisierung, bei welcher die Updatemethoden „Over the Air“ und „Internet“ die günstigsten Voraussetzungen zeigten. An diesen wurden Ideenansätze mit dem Ziel einer weitergehenden Modelloptimierung diskutiert und konkretisiert. Im Ergebnis erwies sich die optimierte Variante der Updatemethode „Internet“ im Sinne der untersuchten Aspekte als besonders zweckmäßig. Als Praxisversuch wurde eine Systemsoftware-Updatefunktion unter Einbeziehung der Verbesserungen in einer VDR-Umgebung erfolgreich implementiert und getestet. Der großen Funktionsvielfalt dieses Multimedia-Entertainment-Systems und der Überschaubarmachung dieser für den Nutzer wurde dabei Rechnung getragen.

La tesis se encarga de analizar, por un lado, la integración y el desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías en la Administración de Justicia; y, por otro, los parámetros que constituyen la validez y eficacia del documento electrónico.
La primera cuestión se centra en la configuración de los Sistemas de Información de la Oficina Judicial y del Ministerio Fiscal, así como de la informatización de los Registros Civiles, donde el art. 230 LOPJ es la pieza clave. Se estudian sus programas, aplicaciones, la videoconferencia, los ficheros judiciales y las redes de telecomunicaciones que poseen la cobertura de la firma electrónica reconocida, donde cobran gran relevancia los convenios de colaboración tecnológica. La digitalización de las vistas quizá sea una de las cuestiones con más trascendencia, teniendo en cuenta que el juicio es el acto que culmina el proceso. Aunque no todos los proyectos adoptados en el ámbito de la e.justicia se han desarrollado de forma integral, ni han llegado a la totalidad de los órganos judiciales. El objetivo final es lograr una Justicia más ágil y de calidad, a lo cual aspira el Plan Estratégico de Modernización de la Justicia 2009-2012 aprobado recientemente.
En referencia a la segunda perspectiva, no cabe duda que el Ordenamiento jurídico y los tribunales, en el ámbito de la justicia material, otorgan plena validez y eficacia al documento electrónico. Nuestra línea de investigación se justifica porque cada vez son más los procesos que incorporan soportes electrónicos de todo tipo, ya sea al plantearse la acción o posteriormente como medio de prueba (art. 299.2 LEC). Entre otros temas examinamos el documento informático, la problemática que rodea al fax, los sistemas de videograbación y el contrato electrónico.
La tesi s'encarrega d'analitzar, per una part, la integració i el desenvolupament de les noves tecnologies dins l´Administració de Justícia; i, per l'altra, els paràmetres que constitueixen la validesa i l'eficàcia del document electrònic.
La primera qüestió es centra en la configuració dels Sistemes d´Informació de l´Oficina Judicial i del Ministeri Fiscal, així com de la informatització dels Registres Civils, on l'art. 230 LOPJ es la peça clau. S'estudien els seus programes, aplicacions, la videoconferència, el fitxers judicials i les xarxes de telecomunicacions que tenen la cobertura de la firma electrònica reconeguda, on cobren gran rellevància els convenis de col·laboració tecnològica. La digitalització de les vistes tal vegada sigui una de les qüestions amb més transcendència, tenint amb compte que el judici es l'acte que culmina el procés. Però no tots el projectes adoptats en l'àmbit de la e.justicia s'han desenvolupat d'una manera integral ni han arribat a la totalitat dels òrgans judicials. L'objectiu final es assolir una Justícia més àgil i de qualitat, al que aspira el Pla Estratègic de Modernització de la Justícia 2009-2012 aprovat recentment.
En referència a la segona perspectiva, no hi ha dubte que l´Ordenament jurídic i els tribunals, en l'àmbit de la justícia material, donen plena validesa i eficàcia al document electrònic. La nostra línia d'investigació es justifica perquè cada vegada son més el processos que incorporen suports electrònics de tot tipus, ja sigui quant es planteja l'acció o posteriorment como a medi de prova (art. 299.2 LEC). Entre altres temes examinem el document informàtic, la problemàtica que envolta al fax, els sistemes de videogravació i el contracte electrònic.
The thesis seeks to analyse, on the one hand, the integration and development of the new technologies in the Administration of Justice; and, on the other, the parameters which constitute the validity and efficiency of the electronic document.
The first question centres on the configuration of the Information Systems of the Judicial Office and the Public Prosecutor, as well as the computerisation of the Civil Registers, where the art. 230 LOPJ it's the part key. Their programmes, applications, the Video Conferencing, the judicial registers and the telecommunication networks which are covered by the recognised electronic signatures, are studied, where the agreements on technological collaboration gain great relevance. The digitalisation of evidence might perhaps be one of the questions with most consequence, bearing in mind that the judgment is the act by which the process is culminated. Although not all the projects adopted within the compass of e.justice have developed completely nor have reached all the judicial organs. The final objective is to achieve an agile, quality Justice, to which the recently approved Strategic Plan for the Modernisation of Justice aspires.
With reference to the second perspective, there is no doubt that the juridical Ordinance and the tribunals within the compass of material justice grant full validity and efficacy to the electronic document. Our line of investigation is justified because there are more and more processes which are sustained by electronic supports of all kinds, whether it be at the establishment of the action or later, as a proof of it (art. 299.2 LEC). Amongst other things, we examine the computerised document, the problems which surround the fax, the systems for video recording and the electronic contract.

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
電子工程系
91
For a long time, the security system is a line of defense crimes. The traditional security system storage device is tape which is damage easily and need large storage space to be stored, and it don’t support video compressed, so video information is very huge. Recently, the digital security system is in for traditional security system, and it support video compressed format which are MJPEG, Wavelet and MPEG-2 specifications, etc., and these specifications neither have high compression ratio nor support long time of video recorded. For hardware, a capture card support one to four numbers of video channel, therefore the cost of system is higher. Others denounce it don’t have enough stable and reliable since it base on Microsoft Windows series. In this paper, the digital video capture and storage system support sixteen video channels, and this has two principles. The first is combining a high speed switch array chipset (MT8816) transferring video information from sixteen video channels to four video capture chipsets (BT878) and the other is a PCI-PCI Bridge connecting four video capture chipsets to PCI bus. These components are fabricated become a PCI card integrated into x86 computer system, which is built all hardware part of the digital video system. The digital video system not only increase stable of system performed also flexibility of platform selected as it base on Linux operation system. As soon as the device driver is loaded to Linux kernel, the device is usable under Linux operation system. Through the application of video manager with GUI, user can easy to operate it. The feature is listed in the below: (1) Supports sixteen video channels and reduce hardware cost. (2) Supports MPEG-4, and supply long recoded time and high video quality. (3) Base on Linux, and provide high stable and high reliable of video system. (4) Windows file system compatible, and backup video information simply. (5) Friendly GUI, convenient for operator and manager.

碩士
南台科技大學
電子工程系
91
The thesis explores the improved performence of the new CPU with the hyper-threading and multimedia SIMD instruction (e.g., MMX,SSE,SSE2) functionalities. Implementation is focused on the video encoder mainly including DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) quantization, motion estimation and compensation, due to this usefulness and being computation—intensive. Experimental results demonstrate that the DCT gets 78 times, the quantization/de-quantization gets 16/7 times, the SAD (Sum Absolution Difference) of motion estimation gets 4.7 to 18 times in speed-up than that of C-language programming. Based on optimization with Hyper-Threading, the new CPU derived 10.3% to 12 % speed-up when comparing to the normal CPU. However , there are some components of the video encoder can’t be improved by using SIMD programming ,such as VLC (Variable Length Coding) can’t look at each data of the table for packet data in MMX or XMM registers and Bitstream can’t be realized with SIMD instructions owing to it’s data dependency. The proposed research reveals that the new CPU is very suitable for real-time video encoding and hence may be attractive for the high-level DVR (digital video recorder) system consisting of simultaneous 16 channels.

碩士
元培科學技術學院
經營管理研究所
95
Digital video recorder (DVR) systems are novel, exciting security products in the surveillance market, which, like many other areas of security technology, are changing quickly. Consumer demands are motivating upgrades system development. A digital surveillance system includes hardware and software. A procurer cannot easily comply with these standards, because a large enormous gap exists between the descriptions in the standards and interpretations of evaluations of digital video recorder systems. This study using focus group establish an ANP decision model, following a case compares AHP and ANP decision model, the results bare witness to interdependencies are able to affect the decision a real decision. For network-like decision models (i.e., decision problems that can be structured as a network model), ANP is an effective tool to provide an accurate solution for the administrators or managers.

碩士
南台科技大學
電子工程系
90
This paper presents a digital video recorder (DVR) system with real-time motion detection, tracking, and fire detection. An adaptive thresholding method is used to detect a moving object in almost all lighting conditions and the prompt motion can be eliminated to avoid false alarms by limiting the size of the moving object. The adaptive thresholding mechanism is utilized to solve the misjudgment problem caused by the various lighting conditions since a single threshold can not determine whether it is a lighting change or the motion of an object. To cope with the problem of computation, a rectangle-based discrete step motion where a camera’s view frame is divided into many rectangle areas, is used to perform the tracking procedure, the center of the bounding box of moving object is calculated to locate the position of this moving object and the largest bounding box is selected as the major candidate for motion tracking. The system will activate the PTZ camera to track moving object depending on the size of the largest object, as soon as some moving objects are detected. With a lower computation complexity, a RGB-based fire detection is adopted for fire-pixel checking. The experimental results show that the fire flame can be almost completely extracted from various types of nature fire. If the number of extracted fire pixels is greater than the threshold value during a time interval, a fire alarm will be activated.

碩士
明新科技大學
電子工程系碩士在職專班
104
The flourishing development on Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data Analysis and Video Streaming Techniques brings huge business opportunities owing to internet, cloud computing and virtualized cloud data center and automation technologies. Documentary analysis and comparative analysis methods are used to collect the related documents, books, reports, papers and real examples of the big corporations of cloud TV systems and to make analysis. The paper realizes a physical structure of a cloud DVR TV system based on the existed hardware and software specifications of big corporations from the application point of view. The system consists of Media Encoding Cluster System (MECS), Virtualized Video System, Open Video Processing System, the System Server and the media data center of a network system. Its advantages are simple, auto configuration, Media Resource Scalability, storage flexibility and dynamic control. The concentration of this thesis lies on the physical structure realization of the MECS in a cloud DVR TV system. Personalized, Multi-Screen, and immersed sense experiences that will make consumers have an entertainment life with more convenient, smart, lively and colorful feelings. Such a world is coming soon and let us wait and see. Keywords: virtualization, automation, cloud computing, Big Data Analysis, Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud TV, Cloud DVR.

碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
電子與資訊工程研究所碩士班
94
The traditional video surveillant devices have been used in supervising for a long time. Since the digital video technologies are more and more mature, these kinds of surveillant devices are being to be replaced by Digital Video Recorder in recent years. Even the computer security technologies make DVR systems into a safe space, there are still many methods to get the data that stored in a security database. One of the most important things is to prevent the data to be illegally used. In this paper, we proposed an effective digital image watermarking method. The basic concept is to embed the selected watermarking bits into the selected DCT coefficients. We compare the embedded watermarking-bits and the feature-bits to determine if a block had been unauthorized tampered. After that, we can regenerate the tampered information by using the embedded feature-bits. The proposed method could be used on Digital Video Recorder. We can authorize the validity of the stored video in the database. If an illegal video frame is detected, we can reconstruct the important frames by our algorithm.

碩士
國立東華大學
電機工程學系
94
The communication technologies have been improved day by day. As for the technology in portable communication, it has been developed into Third Generation (3G), which has achieved to 2Mbps. The coming 3.5G High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) can even be achieved to 14.4Mbps. Therefore, how to transfer real-time video data by using high-speed wireless communication system is a necessary lesson to study. The study of this thesis is mainly focused on the Digital Signal Processor (DSP) based video capture embedded system. The system has characters of small size and great calculation ability that can transform video data that camera captured through internet and the captured image data can be transformed to the notebook or personal computer through Third Generation (3G) and internet. The study can establish the immediate on-the-spot images security guarding system effectively with DSP, cameras, 3G network card and notebook. So the thesis can be applied to police or the security guards that they can get the imagines immediately by connecting their notebook to the DSP through 3G network and they can monitor the images from different computers and locations at the same time and take records of these images. The study can solve the drawback of using single and draw-line monitors at the same time. Therefore, the study uses modern wireless communication technology, the chips with small size and the best performance and hope that it can help our life better and more convenient.

碩士
國立交通大學
電機與控制工程系所
94
The recording time of a conventional Digital Video Recorder (DVR) is always limited by the capacity of its storage devices. To overcome this inconvenience, a design concept which incorporates the wireless function and the network function into a DVR is presented in this thesis. This approach not only solves the storage problem, but also enables a DVR to provide value-added services. To verify the feasibility of the concept, a DVR with wireless network function is implemented. The prototype product is built on an OMAP5912 platform with embedded Linux operating system, which integrates a USB camera as the capture device, a touch screen as a display unit, and a USB wireless network module to makes the system net-workable. A series of performance testing has been conducted on the product. The testing results indicates that the design concept is feasible and the product so constructed is more attractive than the conventional DVR in terms of its portability, being easier to access, watching while recording capability, remote control and monitoring capability, unlimited external storage capacity, and the flexibility to add interested functions and to upgrade performance.

Estágio realizado na Fraunhofer Portugal Research
Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores (Major Telecomunicações). Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2009

Estágio realizado na Fraunhofer Portugal Research
Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores (Major Telecomunicações). Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2009

碩士
國立清華大學
電機工程學系
92
In contrast with PC-based Digital Video Recorder (DVR) system in surveillance applications, the standalone DVR has several advantages such as lower cost, more rugged, easier maintenance, and smaller size. Moreover, the multi-channel design can further increase the utilization efficiency of the DVR hardware and meet the various demands of increasing surveillance applications. In this study, our goal is to design a standalone 4-channel DVR system which exhibits the real-time, high video quality (up to 30 fields/sec/channel high-quality NTSC signal) capabilities. In addition, the system should allow for easy extension to accommodate intelligent surveillance functions, such as intelligent search, pattern recognition, etc. To meet these goals, we first propose the system architecture of a 4-channel DVR which uses a DSP chip (TI’s TMS320C6711) as its central unit providing the flexibility of adding more functionalities to the DVR, two wavelet-based video chips (ADV612) as the compression/decompression engine to achieve high image quality and compression efficiency, and three FPGA chips (ALTERA EP1C3T144C8) for interface logic and video signal multiplexer/de-multiplexer. Then we designed a digital video multiplexer (MUX) circuit to multiplex the incoming 4-channel input digital video signals together to be compressed by the ADV612 compression chip. During playback, a video de-multiplexer (DEMUX) circuit is also designed to generate 4 channel full video signals from the decompressed output video signal of the ADV612. Considering the asynchronous characteristics of the incoming 4 channel video signals, at least a video field buffer is needed in the MUX/DEMUX design, which is best implemented by SDRAM due to its capacity/cost/speed requirements. Therefore, an SDRAM controller circuit is also designed on the same FPGA. A prototype 4-ch DVR system board has been designed and implemented which successfully illustrated the validity and functionality of our MUX, DEMUX design. Furthermore, the use of FPGA in our design could easily allow for many extra functions to be implemented into the system, such as raw image extraction for intelligent DVR like pattern recognition, on-screen display (OSD), information or audio insertion into NTSC blanking, as well as freeze, zoom, quadrant and PIP functions, etc.

碩士
國立清華大學
電機工程學系
93
Digital Video Recorder (DVR) system has found many applications nowadays. Besides traditional long hour and high resolution recordings, some special functions such as fast and intelligent retrieving, pattern recognition, etc., are expected of modern DVR. In this study, our goal is to design a multi-channel DVR system with automatic automobile plate recognition capability for use in a parking station surveillance and management environment. We focus our research on two main parts: hardware design of video Mux (multiplexer)/DeMux (demultiplexer) and image capture circuits used in the multi-channel DVR system, and software design of automobile plate recognition. The Mux and DeMux circuits can merge multi-channel digital video signal into one channel and split one channel into multi-channel digital video signals, respectively. The image capture hardware can capture image data of one frame and send it to DSP for further processing. All these three functions are designed and implemented in an FPGA chip. For the automobile plate recognition, we develop a simple software program that contains an image enhancement, an automobile plate ROI grab, and a characters recognition module to extract and identify the plate number in captured auto image. These functions can be easily augmented with other control functions to tailor the DVR system for various application purposes.

碩士
國立清華大學
科技管理研究所
95
The Product Life Cycle Theory is a management tool can be used to forecast, plan, and control. It encourages enterprise to plan actively. Because of the distinct division of every step, we can estimate the location of the product in the curve based on the historical data, and determine the step of the product. We can also forecast the challenge and exploit the strategy according to the Product Life Cycle Theory. The research carries on the preliminary understanding of security industry. We compare with the strategy of the Product Life Cycle Theory based on the analysis of related secondary data and practical interview. Finally we get the product life cycle step of DVR at present, and the difference between it and the Product Life Cycle Theory. The result of analysis finds that the every enterprise in the industry has different estimation of the product life cycle step. Also, the future development of DVR is even more different. It happens due to the different estimation of the product life cycle step and the skill these enterprises can own and develop, so these enterprises develop the different strategy from each other.

Mak Chun Man = 視頻物件分割法 / 麥振文.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references.
Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese.
Mak Chun Man = Shi pin wu jian fen ge fa / Mai Zhenwen.
List of Figures --- p.III
List of Tables --- p.III
Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1-1
Chapter 1.1. --- A Brief Review on Video Objects Segmentation --- p.1-1
Chapter 1.2. --- Objective of the Research Work --- p.1-3
Chapter 1.3. --- Organization of the Thesis --- p.1-4
Chapter 1.4. --- Notes on Publication --- p.1-5
Chapter Chapter 2. --- Background Information --- p.2-1
Chapter 2.1. --- Introduction --- p.2-1
Chapter 2.2. --- Review of common video coding standards --- p.2-3
Chapter 2.2.1 --- H.261 --- p.2-3
Chapter 2.2.2 --- MPEG-1 --- p.2-4
Chapter 2.2.3 --- MPEG-2 --- p.2-4
Chapter 2.2.4 --- MPEG-4 --- p.2-5
Chapter 2.3. --- Reviews of video objects segmentation methods --- p.2-7
Chapter 2.3.1. --- Motion Segmentation --- p.2-8
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Temporal & Spatial Segmentation --- p.2-9
Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- Change Detection --- p.2-10
Chapter 2.3.2.2 --- Morphological Filtering --- p.2-11
Chapter 2.3.2.3 --- Image Segmentation --- p.2-12
Chapter 2.3.2.4 --- Active Contour - Snake --- p.2-13
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Application specific & human aided --- p.2-13
Chapter 2.3.3.1 --- Manual Object Extraction --- p.2-13
Chapter 2.3.3.2 --- Static Camera --- p.2-14
Chapter 2.3.3.3 --- 3D video --- p.2-15
Chapter 2.3.3.4 --- Video Conferencing and Face Segmentation --- p.2-15
Chapter 2.3.3.5 --- Text Extraction --- p.2-16
Chapter 2.4. --- Conclusions --- p.2-16
Chapter Chapter 3. --- Global Motion Estimation --- p.3-1
Chapter 3.1. --- Introduction --- p.3-1
Chapter 3.2. --- Background Information --- p.3-2
Chapter 3.2.1. --- Motion Models --- p.3-2
Chapter 3.2.2. --- Estimation Methods --- p.3-5
Chapter 3.3. --- Robust Regression: Least Median of Square Error --- p.3-8
Chapter 3.3.1. --- Review of Least Median of Square Error --- p.3-8
Chapter 3.3.2. --- Applying LMedS on Global Motion Estimation --- p.3-11
Chapter 3.4. --- Modifications to LMedS --- p.3-12
Chapter 3.5. --- Experimental Results --- p.3-15
Chapter 3.6. --- Conclusions --- p.3-23
Chapter 3.7. --- Notes on Publication --- p.3-24
Chapter Chapter 4. --- System Overview --- p.4-1
Chapter 4.1. --- Introduction --- p.4-1
Chapter 4.2. --- Assumptions --- p.4-1
Chapter 4.2.1. --- Objects in motion --- p.4-2
Chapter 4.2.2. --- Motion is slow --- p.4-2
Chapter 4.2.3. --- Change of object shapes --- p.4-2
Chapter 4.2.4. --- Background size --- p.4-3
Chapter 4.3. --- System Description --- p.4-3
Chapter 4.3.1. --- Motion Detection --- p.4-5
Chapter 4.3.1.1. --- Motion Estimation --- p.4-5
Chapter 4.3.1.2. --- Global Motion Estimation & Compensation --- p.4-10
Chapter 4.3.1.3. --- Change Detection Mask --- p.4-12
Chapter 4.3.1.4. --- FP size thresholding --- p.4-14
Chapter 4.3.1.5. --- FP clustering --- p.4-15
Chapter 4.3.2. --- Spatial Features Extraction --- p.4-19
Chapter 4.3.2.1. --- Edge Detection --- p.4-20
Chapter 4.3.2.2. --- Region Growing --- p.4-20
Chapter 4.3.3. --- Labeling and Boundary Tracking --- p.4-21
Chapter 4.3.3.1. --- Objects' Locations Updates --- p.4-21
Chapter 4.3.3.2. --- Foreground Pixel Clusters Labeling --- p.4-23
Chapter 4.3.3.3. --- Slow and Rapid Components Tracking --- p.4-25
Chapter 4.3.3.4. --- New Model Initialization --- p.4-26
Chapter 4.3.4. --- Boundary Refinement --- p.4-26
Chapter 4.3.4.1. --- Filling-in Process --- p.4-27
Chapter 4.3.4.2. --- Boundary Correction --- p.4-27
Chapter 4.4. --- Experimental Results --- p.4-32
Chapter 4.4.1. --- Qualitative Evaluation --- p.4-32
Chapter 4.4.1.1. --- Summary of the Qualitative Evaluation Results --- p.4-34
Chapter 4.4.2. --- Quantitative Evaluation --- p.4-35
Chapter 4.5. --- Conclusions --- p.4-46
Chapter 4.6. --- Notes on Publications --- p.4-46
Chapter Chapter 5. --- Conclusions & Future Works --- p.5-1
Chapter 5.1. --- Contributions and Conclusions --- p.5-1
Chapter 5.1.1. --- Multiple object support --- p.5-1
Chapter 5.1.2. --- Global Motion Estimation --- p.5-2
Chapter 5.2. --- Future Works --- p.5-3
References

Wei Wei.
Thesis submitted in: December 2005.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-122).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.II
List of Abbreviations --- p.IV
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Overview of Content-based Video Standard --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Video Object Segmentation --- p.4
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Video Object Plane (VOP) --- p.4
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Object Segmentation --- p.5
Chapter 1.3 --- Problems of Video Object Segmentation --- p.6
Chapter 1.4 --- Objective of the research work --- p.7
Chapter 1.5 --- Organization of This Thesis --- p.8
Chapter 1.6 --- Notes on Publication --- p.8
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.10
Chapter 2.1 --- What is segmentation? --- p.10
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Manual Segmentation --- p.10
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Automatic Segmentation --- p.11
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Semi-automatic segmentation --- p.12
Chapter 2.2 --- Segmentation Strategy --- p.14
Chapter 2.3 --- Segmentation of Moving Objects --- p.17
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Motion --- p.18
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Motion Field Representation --- p.19
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Video Object Segmentation --- p.25
Chapter 2.4 --- Summary --- p.35
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Automatic Video Object Segmentation Algorithm --- p.37
Chapter 3.1 --- Spatial Segmentation --- p.38
Chapter 3.1.1 --- k:-Medians Clustering Algorithm --- p.39
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Cluster Number Estimation --- p.41
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Region Merging --- p.46
Chapter 3.2 --- Foreground Detection --- p.48
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Global Motion Estimation --- p.49
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Detection of Moving Objects --- p.50
Chapter 3.3 --- Object Tracking and Extracting --- p.50
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Binary Model Tracking --- p.51
Chapter 3.3.1.2 --- Initial Model Extraction --- p.53
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Region Descriptor Tracking --- p.59
Chapter 3.4 --- Results and Discussions --- p.65
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Objective Evaluation --- p.65
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Subjective Evaluation --- p.66
Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusion --- p.74
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Disparity Estimation and its Application in Video Object Segmentation --- p.76
Chapter 4.1 --- Disparity Estimation --- p.79
Chapter 4.1.1. --- Seed Selection --- p.80
Chapter 4.1.2. --- Edge-based Matching by Propagation --- p.82
Chapter 4.2 --- Remedy Matching Sparseness by Interpolation --- p.84
Chapter 4.2 --- Disparity Applications in Video Conference Segmentation --- p.92
Chapter 4.3 --- Conclusion --- p.106
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusion and Future Work --- p.108
Chapter 5.1 --- Conclusion and Contribution --- p.108
Chapter 5.2 --- Future work --- p.109
Reference --- p.112

by Wai-Wa Wilson Chan.
Thesis (M.Sc.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-80).
Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Problem under study and scope --- p.4
Chapter 1.2 --- Review of relevant research --- p.6
Chapter 1.3 --- Objectives --- p.11
Chapter 2. --- Theory --- p.12
Chapter 2.1 --- Multi-resolution representation of digital video --- p.13
Chapter 2.2 --- Performance measure of progressive algorithm --- p.15
Chapter 2.3 --- Introduction to depth pyramid --- p.35
Chapter 2.4 --- Introduction to spatial pyramid --- p.37
Chapter 2.5 --- Introduction to temporal pyramid --- p.42
Chapter 2.6 --- Proposed algorithm for progressive transmission using depth-spatial-temporal pyramid --- p.46
Chapter 3. --- Experiment --- p.55
Chapter 3.1 --- Simulation on depth pyramid --- p.59
Chapter 3.2 --- Simulation on spatial pyramid --- p.60
Chapter 3.3 --- Simulation on temporal pyramid --- p.62
Chapter 3.4 --- Simulation on algorithm for progressive transmission using depth-spatial-temporal pyramid --- p.64
Chapter 4. --- Conclusions and discussions --- p.74
Chapter 5. --- Reference and Appendix --- p.79

Companies want and need to stand out in an environment increasingly saturated with information and content. In this sense, every day new tools are created aiming to provide benefits for both companies in their marketing strategies and consumers in their buying process. Example of this is the live video streaming, a new tool that, given the recent developments in technology, now has a commercial and marketing role associated. Live streaming makes content available at the same time as the event is happening, as for example streaming radio and internet television. Several companies have already realized the many advantages that it brings to them, however, few are the reliable studies about it and little is known about how to use this tool. Taking this into consideration, this dissertation studies the differences between the pre-recorded videos and live videos in the first quarter of 2016 in order to really understand this tool and its results. Consequently, 240 videos (pre-recorded and live) performed by 4 companies on their Facebook pages were analyzed to see the differences in consumers’ engagement with the different types of videos. Then, a case study in a Portuguese real estate start-up - Home Hunting - was also carried out in order to apply the knowledge retained in the initial studies and analyze the effectiveness of a live video strategy planned and built from the beginning. The results show that, in fact, live videos register higher consumers’ engagement, meaning higher the number of views, comments and video reactions. On the other hand the degree of interaction vary with the type of video content, as expected, being the entertainment live videos the ones with greater consumers’ engagement.
As empresas têm um desafio crescente para se conseguir destacar num meio cada vez mais saturado de informação e conteúdo. Tendo isto em consideração, são criadas diariamente novas ferramentas e formas que visam proporcionar vantagens tanto às empresas nas suas estratégias de marketing como aos consumidores no seu processo de compra. Exemplo disso é a nova ferramenta de live video streaming que dadas as evoluções recentes da tecnologia tem agora uma vertente comercial e de marketing associada. Live streaming é uma ferramenta que permite partilhar o conteúdo ao mesmo tempo que um evento está a acontecer, ou seja, ao vivo, como é o caso da rádio e dos canais de televisão na internet. Várias empresas já perceberam as muitas vantagens que este tipo de vídeos pode trazer, no entanto, poucos são os estudos confiáveis sobre o assunto e pouco se sabe sobre como usar esta ferramenta. Neste sentido, esta dissertação estuda as diferenças entre os vídeos pré-gravados e os vídeos live no primeiro trimestre de 2016 de forma a entender melhor esta ferramenta e os seus resultados. Consequentemente foram analisados 240 vídeos (pré-gravados e live) realizados por 4 empresas nas suas páginas de Facebook para perceber as diferenças de interacção por parte dos consumidores nos diferentes tipos de vídeos. De seguida, foi ainda realizado um estudo de caso numa start-up imobiliária portuguesa - Home Hunting - com o intuito de aplicar os conhecimentos retidos nos estudos iniciais e analisar a eficácia de uma estratégia de vídeo live planeada e construída do início ao fim. Os resultados mostram que há de facto maior interacção por parte dos utilizadores quando se trata de vídeos live, no que diz respeito ao número de visualizações, comentários e reacções ao vídeo. Por outro lado, o grau de interacção depende do tipo de conteúdo do vídeo, como seria de esperar, sendo que os vídeos com um conteúdo de entretenimento são os que registam maior interacção por parte dos consumidores.

Li, Man Ho.
Thesis submitted in: November 2006.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-143).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
Acknowledgement --- p.iv
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Motivation --- p.3
Chapter 1.2 --- The objectives of this thesis --- p.4
Chapter 1.3 --- Contributions --- p.5
Chapter 1.4 --- Thesis structure --- p.6
Chapter 2 --- Digital video compression --- p.8
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.8
Chapter 2.2 --- Fundamentals of lossy video compression --- p.9
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Video compression and human visual systems --- p.10
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Representation of color --- p.10
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Sampling methods - frames and fields --- p.11
Chapter 2.2.4 --- Compression methods --- p.11
Chapter 2.2.5 --- Motion estimation --- p.12
Chapter 2.2.6 --- Motion compensation --- p.13
Chapter 2.2.7 --- Transform --- p.13
Chapter 2.2.8 --- Quantization --- p.14
Chapter 2.2.9 --- Entropy Encoding --- p.14
Chapter 2.2.10 --- Intra-prediction unit --- p.14
Chapter 2.2.11 --- Deblocking filter --- p.15
Chapter 2.2.12 --- Complexity analysis of on different com- pression stages --- p.16
Chapter 2.3 --- Motion estimation process --- p.16
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Block-based matching method --- p.16
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Motion estimation procedure --- p.18
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Matching Criteria --- p.19
Chapter 2.3.4 --- Motion vectors --- p.21
Chapter 2.3.5 --- Quality judgment --- p.22
Chapter 2.4 --- Block-based matching algorithms for motion estimation --- p.23
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Full search (FS) --- p.23
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Three-step search (TSS) --- p.24
Chapter 2.4.3 --- Two-dimensional Logarithmic Search Algorithm (2D-log search) --- p.25
Chapter 2.4.4 --- Diamond Search (DS) --- p.25
Chapter 2.4.5 --- Fast full search (FFS) --- p.26
Chapter 2.5 --- Complexity analysis of motion estimation --- p.27
Chapter 2.5.1 --- Different searching algorithms --- p.28
Chapter 2.5.2 --- Fixed-block size motion estimation --- p.28
Chapter 2.5.3 --- Variable block size motion estimation --- p.29
Chapter 2.5.4 --- Sub-pixel motion estimation --- p.30
Chapter 2.5.5 --- Multi-reference frame motion estimation . --- p.30
Chapter 2.6 --- Picture quality analysis --- p.31
Chapter 2.7 --- Summary --- p.32
Chapter 3 --- Arithmetic for video encoding --- p.33
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.33
Chapter 3.2 --- Number systems --- p.34
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Non-redundant Number System --- p.34
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Redundant number system --- p.36
Chapter 3.3 --- Addition/subtraction algorithm --- p.38
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Non-redundant number addition --- p.39
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Carry-save number addition --- p.39
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Signed-digit number addition --- p.40
Chapter 3.4 --- Bit-serial algorithms --- p.42
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Least-significant-bit (LSB) first mode --- p.42
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Most-significant-bit (MSB) first mode --- p.43
Chapter 3.5 --- Absolute difference algorithm --- p.44
Chapter 3.5.1 --- Non-redundant algorithm for absolute difference --- p.44
Chapter 3.5.2 --- Redundant algorithm for absolute difference --- p.45
Chapter 3.6 --- Multi-operand addition algorithm --- p.47
Chapter 3.6.1 --- Bit-parallel non-redundant adder tree implementation --- p.47
Chapter 3.6.2 --- Bit-parallel carry-save adder tree implementation --- p.49
Chapter 3.6.3 --- Bit serial signed digit adder tree implementation --- p.49
Chapter 3.7 --- Comparison algorithms --- p.50
Chapter 3.7.1 --- Non-redundant comparison algorithm --- p.51
Chapter 3.7.2 --- Signed-digit comparison algorithm --- p.52
Chapter 3.8 --- Summary --- p.53
Chapter 4 --- VLSI architectures for video encoding --- p.54
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.54
Chapter 4.2 --- Implementation platform - (FPGA) --- p.55
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Basic FPGA architecture --- p.55
Chapter 4.2.2 --- DSP blocks in FPGA device --- p.56
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Advantages employing FPGA --- p.57
Chapter 4.2.4 --- Commercial FPGA Device --- p.58
Chapter 4.3 --- Top level architecture of motion estimation processor --- p.59
Chapter 4.4 --- Bit-parallel architectures for motion estimation --- p.60
Chapter 4.4.1 --- Systolic arrays --- p.60
Chapter 4.4.2 --- Mapping of a motion estimation algorithm onto systolic array --- p.61
Chapter 4.4.3 --- 1-D systolic array architecture (LA-ID) --- p.63
Chapter 4.4.4 --- 2-D systolic array architecture (LA-2D) --- p.64
Chapter 4.4.5 --- 1-D Tree architecture (GA-1D) --- p.64
Chapter 4.4.6 --- 2-D Tree architecture (GA-2D) --- p.65
Chapter 4.4.7 --- Variable block size support in bit-parallel architectures --- p.66
Chapter 4.5 --- Bit-serial motion estimation architecture --- p.68
Chapter 4.5.1 --- Data Processing Direction --- p.68
Chapter 4.5.2 --- Algorithm mapping and dataflow design . --- p.68
Chapter 4.5.3 --- Early termination scheme --- p.69
Chapter 4.5.4 --- Top-level architecture --- p.70
Chapter 4.5.5 --- Non redundant positive number to signed digit conversion --- p.71
Chapter 4.5.6 --- Signed-digit adder tree --- p.73
Chapter 4.5.7 --- SAD merger --- p.74
Chapter 4.5.8 --- Signed-digit comparator --- p.75
Chapter 4.5.9 --- Early termination controller --- p.76
Chapter 4.5.10 --- Data scheduling and timeline --- p.80
Chapter 4.6 --- Decision metric in different architectural types . . --- p.80
Chapter 4.6.1 --- Throughput --- p.81
Chapter 4.6.2 --- Memory bandwidth --- p.83
Chapter 4.6.3 --- Silicon area occupied and power consump- tion --- p.83
Chapter 4.7 --- Architecture selection for different applications . . --- p.84
Chapter 4.7.1 --- CIF and QCIF resolution --- p.84
Chapter 4.7.2 --- SDTV resolution --- p.85
Chapter 4.7.3 --- HDTV resolution --- p.85
Chapter 4.8 --- Summary --- p.86
Chapter 5 --- Results and comparison --- p.87
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.87
Chapter 5.2 --- Implementation details --- p.87
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Bit-parallel 1-D systolic array --- p.88
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Bit-parallel 2-D systolic array --- p.89
Chapter 5.2.3 --- Bit-parallel Tree architecture --- p.90
Chapter 5.2.4 --- MSB-first bit-serial design --- p.91
Chapter 5.3 --- Comparison between motion estimation architectures --- p.93
Chapter 5.3.1 --- Throughput and latency --- p.93
Chapter 5.3.2 --- Occupied resources --- p.94
Chapter 5.3.3 --- Memory bandwidth --- p.95
Chapter 5.3.4 --- Motion estimation algorithm --- p.95
Chapter 5.3.5 --- Power consumption --- p.97
Chapter 5.4 --- Comparison to ASIC and FPGA architectures in past literature --- p.99
Chapter 5.5 --- Summary --- p.101
Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.102
Chapter 6.1 --- Summary --- p.102
Chapter 6.1.1 --- Algorithmic optimizations --- p.102
Chapter 6.1.2 --- Architecture and arithmetic optimizations --- p.103
Chapter 6.1.3 --- Implementation on a FPGA platform . . . --- p.104
Chapter 6.2 --- Future work --- p.106
Chapter A --- VHDL Sources --- p.108
Chapter A.1 --- Online Full Adder --- p.108
Chapter A.2 --- Online Signed Digit Full Adder --- p.109
Chapter A.3 --- Online Pull Adder Tree --- p.110
Chapter A.4 --- SAD merger --- p.112
Chapter A.5 --- Signed digit adder tree stage (top) --- p.116
Chapter A.6 --- Absolute element --- p.118
Chapter A.7 --- Absolute stage (top) --- p.119
Chapter A.8 --- Online comparator element --- p.120
Chapter A.9 --- Comparator stage (top) --- p.122
Chapter A.10 --- MSB-first motion estimation processor --- p.134
Bibliography --- p.137

by Chung-Wing Ng.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-107).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.ii
Acknowledgment --- p.vi
Table of Contents --- p.vii
List of Tables --- p.x
List of Figures --- p.xi
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Image-based Video Description --- p.2
Chapter 1.2 --- Video Summary --- p.5
Chapter 1.3 --- Video Matching --- p.6
Chapter 1.4 --- Contributions --- p.7
Chapter 1.5 --- Outline of Thesis --- p.8
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.10
Chapter 2.1 --- Video Retrieval in Digital Video Libraries --- p.11
Chapter 2.1.1 --- The VISION Project --- p.11
Chapter 2.1.2 --- The INFORMEDIA Project --- p.12
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Discussion --- p.13
Chapter 2.2 --- Video Structuring --- p.14
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Video Segmentation --- p.16
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Color histogram Extraction --- p.17
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Further Structuring --- p.18
Chapter 2.3 --- XML Technologies --- p.19
Chapter 2.3.1 --- XML Syntax --- p.20
Chapter 2.3.2 --- "Document Type Definition, DTD" --- p.21
Chapter 2.3.3 --- "Extensible Stylesheet Language, XSL" --- p.21
Chapter 2.4 --- SMIL Technology --- p.22
Chapter 2.4.1 --- SMIL Syntax --- p.23
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Model of SMIL Applications --- p.23
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Overview of ADVISE --- p.25
Chapter 3.1 --- Objectives --- p.26
Chapter 3.2 --- System Architecture --- p.26
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Video Preprocessing Module --- p.26
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Web-based Video Retrieval Module --- p.30
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Video Streaming Server --- p.34
Chapter 3.3 --- Summary --- p.35
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Construction of Video Table-of-Contents (V-ToC) --- p.36
Chapter 4.1 --- Video Structuring --- p.37
Chapter 4.1.1 --- Terms and Definitions --- p.37
Chapter 4.1.2 --- Regional Color Histograms --- p.39
Chapter 4.1.3 --- Video Shot Boundaries Detection --- p.43
Chapter 4.1.4 --- Video Groups Formation --- p.47
Chapter 4.1.5 --- Video Scenes Formation --- p.50
Chapter 4.2 --- Storage and Presentation --- p.53
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Definition of XML Video Structure --- p.54
Chapter 4.2.2 --- V-ToC Presentation Using XSL --- p.55
Chapter 4.3 --- Evaluation of Video Structure --- p.58
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Video Summarization --- p.62
Chapter 5.1 --- Terms and Definitions --- p.64
Chapter 5.2 --- Video Features Used for Summarization --- p.65
Chapter 5.3 --- Video Summarization Algorithm --- p.67
Chapter 5.3.1 --- Combining Extracted Video Segments --- p.68
Chapter 5.3.2 --- Scoring the Extracted Video Segments --- p.69
Chapter 5.3.3 --- Selecting Extracted Video Segments --- p.70
Chapter 5.3.4 --- Refining the Selection Result --- p.71
Chapter 5.4 --- Video Summary in SMIL --- p.74
Chapter 5.5 --- Evaluations --- p.76
Chapter 5.5.1 --- Experiment 1: Percentages of Features Extracted --- p.76
Chapter 5.5.2 --- Experiment 2: Evaluation of the Refinement Process --- p.78
Chapter Chapter 6 --- Video Matching Using V-ToC --- p.80
Chapter 6.1 --- Terms and Definitions --- p.81
Chapter 6.2 --- Video Features Used for Matching --- p.82
Chapter 6.3 --- Non-ordered Tree Matching Algorithm --- p.83
Chapter 6.4 --- Ordered Tree Matching Algorithms --- p.87
Chapter 6.5 --- Evaluation of Video Matching --- p.91
Chapter 6.5.1 --- Applying Non-ordered Tree Matching --- p.92
Chapter 6.5.2 --- Applying Ordered Tree Matching --- p.94
Chapter Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.96
Bibliography --- p.100

by Sze Ho Pong.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-[53]).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Related Work --- p.3
Chapter 1.2 --- Contributions of the Thesis --- p.3
Chapter 1.3 --- Organization of the Thesis --- p.4
Chapter 2 --- Background --- p.5
Chapter 2.1 --- Best-effort Internet - The Lossy Network --- p.5
Chapter 2.2 --- Effects of Packet Loss on Streamed Video --- p.7
Chapter 2.3 --- Loss Recovery Schemes in Video Streaming --- p.8
Chapter 3 --- Comparison of Two Packet-Loss Detection Schemes --- p.10
Chapter 3.1 --- Gap Detection (GD) --- p.12
Chapter 3.2 --- Time-Out (TO) Detection --- p.14
Chapter 3.3 --- Mathematical Comparison --- p.17
Chapter 4 --- The Combined Loss-Detection Algorithm --- p.21
Chapter 4.1 --- System Architecture --- p.22
Chapter 4.2 --- Loss Detection and Recovery --- p.23
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Detecting Data Packet Losses Transmitted for First Time --- p.24
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Detecting Losses of Retransmitted Packet --- p.28
Chapter 4.3 --- Buffering Techniques --- p.32
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Determining Packet-Loss Rate in Presentation --- p.33
Chapter 4.4 --- Mapping Packet-Loss Rate to Degradation of Video Quality --- p.38
Chapter 5 --- Experimental Results and Analysis --- p.40
Chapter 5.1 --- Experimental Setup --- p.40
Chapter 5.2 --- Small Delay Jitter Environment --- p.42
Chapter 5.3 --- Large Delay Jitter Environment --- p.44
Chapter 5.3.1 --- Using Low Bit-Rate Stream --- p.44
Chapter 5.3.2 --- Using High Bit-Rate Stream --- p.44
Chapter 6 --- Conclusions and Future Work --- p.47
Chapter 6.1 --- Conclusions --- p.47
Chapter 6.2 --- Future Work --- p.49
Bibliography --- p.50

隨著數碼相機、攝影手機以及監控攝像機的快速普及，每天無數的視頻錄像被創造出來。運動估計是視頻處理中的一種基本問題，這個問題通常被稱為光流估計。現有光流估計算法無法處理發生較大尺度變化的視頻。但尺度變化在視頻和照片中非常普遍，所以尺度不變性的光流估計算法對於其他視頻處理操作諸如圖像去噪算法有很大幫助。所以我們提出新的方法來解決這個問題，以建立兩幀圖像不同尺度像素之間的稠密匹配。我們提出一個新的框架，引入像素級精度的尺度參數，然後提出一種有效的數值計算機制，迭代地優化離散尺度參數和連續光流參數。這個機制顯著地拓展了光流估計在包含各種類型運動的自然場景的實用性。
各種攝像設備獲得的視頻都不同程度地遭到噪聲的破壞。雖然已經提出許多視頻去噪算法，但在實際應用中仍然存在許多問題。所以，我們設計一種複雜度很低而且有效的實時視頻去噪算法。我們在視頻去噪的過程中引入高品質的光流估計來校準圖像序列。我們還設計了一種加權平均算法來從之前校準的原始視頻幀中恢復出沒有噪聲的圖像。實驗結果表明相比于其他算法，我們的算法能恢復出更多的細節。更重要的是，我們的算法保證視頻的時域連貫性，對視頻質量來說非常重要。
最後，我們還研究了光照不足的環境下拍攝的視頻和圖像中常見的有色噪聲現象。這種噪聲沒有辦法被現有算法有效地去除，因為它們通常假設噪聲是一個高斯或泊松分佈。根據我們對亮度噪聲和色度噪聲的觀察和分析，我們提出了一種新的去噪方法。我們採用了多分辨率雙重雙邊濾波的方法，借用現有算法去噪的亮度層來引導色度層的去噪。實驗表明，視覺和數據評價都表明了我們算法的有效性。
With the popularity of digital cameras, mobile phone cameras and surveillance systems, numerous video clips are created everyday. Motion estimation is one of the fundamental tasks in video processing. Current optical flow estimation algorithms cannot deal with frames that are with large scale variation. Because scale variation commonly arises in images/videos, a scale invariant optical flow algorithm is important and fundamental for other video operations such as video denoising. In light of this, we propose a new method, aiming to establish dense correspondence between two frames containing pixels in different scales. We contribute a new framework taking pixel-wise scale into consideration in optical flow estimation and propose an effective numerical scheme, which iteratively optimizes discrete scale variables and continuous flow ones. This scheme notably expands the practicality of optical flow in natural scenes containing different types of object movements.
Further, Videos captured by all kinds of sensors are generally contaminated by noise. Although lots of algorithms are published, there are still many problems when applying them to real cases. We design a low-complexity but effective real-time video denoising framework by integrating robust optical flow estimation into the denoising process to register locally frame sequences and designing a weighted averaging algorithm to restore a latent clean frame from a sequence of well registered frames. Experiments show that our algorithm recovers more details than other state-of-the-art video denoising algorithms. More importantly our method preserves temporal coherence, which is vital for videos.
Lastly, we study the chrominance noise which is commonly observed in both videos and images taken under insuficient light conditions. This kind of noise cannot be effectively reduced by state-of-the-art denoising methods under the assumption of a Gaussian or Poisson distributions. Based on the observation of the different characteristics of luminance and chrominance noise, we propose a new denoising strategy that employs multi-resolution dual bilateral filtering on chrominance layers un¬der the guidance of well-estimated luminance layer. Both visual and quantitative evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of our algorithm.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Dai, Zhenlong.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-90).
Abstracts also in Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
Acknowledgement --- p.v
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Motivation and Objectives --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Our Contributions --- p.6
Chapter 1.3 --- Thesis Outline --- p.8
Chapter 2 --- Background --- p.10
Chapter 2.1 --- Optical Flow Estimation --- p.10
Chapter 2.2 --- Single Image Denoising --- p.15
Chapter 2.3 --- Multi-image and Video Denoising --- p.17
Chapter 3 --- Scale Invariant Optical Flow --- p.20
Chapter 3.1 --- Related Work --- p.23
Chapter 3.2 --- Optical Flow Model with Scale Variables --- p.25
Chapter 3.3 --- Optimization --- p.31
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Computing E[zi] --- p.32
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Minimizing Optical Flow Energy --- p.32
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Overall Computation Framework --- p.34
Chapter 3.4 --- Experiments --- p.37
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Evaluation of Our Model to Handle Scales . --- p.37
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Comparison with Other Optical Flow Methods . --- p.38
Chapter 3.4.3 --- Comparison with Sparse Feature Matching . --- p.43
Chapter 3.4.4 --- Evaluation on the Middlebury Dataset --- p.44
Chapter 3.5 --- Summary --- p.46
Chapter 4 --- Optical Flow Based Video Denoising --- p.47
Chapter 4.1 --- Related Work --- p.48
Chapter 4.2 --- Optical Flow based Video Denoising Framework --- p.48
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Registration --- p.48
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Accumulation --- p.52
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Algorithm Implementation --- p.53
Chapter 4.3 --- Experimental Results --- p.54
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Comparisons with other algorithms --- p.54
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Applications --- p.55
Chapter 4.4 --- Limitation and Future Work --- p.55
Chapter 4.5 --- Summary --- p.59
Chapter 5 --- Chrominance Noise Reduction --- p.62
Chapter 5.1 --- Related work --- p.65
Chapter 5.2 --- Luminance and Chrominance Noise Characteristics --- p.68
Chapter 5.3 --- Luminance and Chrominance Relationship --- p.69
Chapter 5.4 --- Algorithm --- p.71
Chapter 5.4.1 --- Dual Bilateral Filter --- p.71
Chapter 5.4.2 --- Multi-resolution Framework --- p.72
Chapter 5.5 --- Experiments --- p.72
Chapter 5.5.1 --- Quantitative Evaluation --- p.73
Chapter 5.5.2 --- Visual Comparison for Natural Noisy Images --- p.74
Chapter 5.5.3 --- Applications --- p.75
Chapter 5.6 --- Summary --- p.75
Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.79
Bibliography --- p.82

by Roland Siu-kwong Ip.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-[105]).
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Motivation --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Image Compression --- p.2
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Classification of Image Compression --- p.2
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Lossy Compression Approaches --- p.3
Chapter 1.3 --- Video Compression --- p.4
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Video Compression System --- p.5
Chapter 1.4 --- Stereoscopic Video Compression --- p.6
Chapter 1.5 --- Organization of the thesis --- p.6
Chapter 2 --- Motion Video Coding Theory --- p.8
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.8
Chapter 2.2 --- Representations --- p.8
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Temporal Processing --- p.13
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Spatial Processing --- p.19
Chapter 2.3 --- Quantization --- p.25
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Scalar Quantization --- p.25
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Vector Quantization --- p.27
Chapter 2.4 --- Code Word Assignment --- p.29
Chapter 2.5 --- Selection of Video Coding Standard --- p.31
Chapter 3 --- MPEG Compatible Stereoscopic Coding --- p.34
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.34
Chapter 3.2 --- MPEG Compatibility --- p.36
Chapter 3.3 --- Stereoscopic Video Coding --- p.37
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Coding by Stereoscopic Differences --- p.37
Chapter 3.3.2 --- I-pictures only Disparity Coding --- p.40
Chapter 3.4 --- Stereoscopic MPEG Encoder --- p.44
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Stereo Disparity Estimator --- p.45
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Improved Disparity Estimation --- p.47
Chapter 3.4.3 --- Stereo Bitstream Multiplexer --- p.49
Chapter 3.5 --- Generic Implementation --- p.50
Chapter 3.5.1 --- Macroblock Converter --- p.54
Chapter 3.5.2 --- DCT Functional Block --- p.55
Chapter 3.5.3 --- Rate Control --- p.57
Chapter 3.6 --- Stereoscopic MPEG Decoder --- p.58
Chapter 3.6.1 --- Mono Playback --- p.58
Chapter 3.6.2 --- Stereo Playback --- p.60
Chapter 4 --- Performance Evaluation --- p.63
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.63
Chapter 4.2 --- Test Sequences Generation --- p.63
Chapter 4.3 --- Simulation Environment --- p.64
Chapter 4.4 --- Simulation Results --- p.65
Chapter 4.4.1 --- Objective Results --- p.65
Chapter 4.4.2 --- Subjective Results --- p.72
Chapter 5 --- Conclusions --- p.80
Chapter A --- MPEG ´ؤ An International Standard --- p.83
Chapter A.l --- Introduction --- p.83
Chapter A.2 --- Preprocessing --- p.84
Chapter A.3 --- Data Structure of Pictures --- p.85
Chapter A.4 --- Picture Coding --- p.86
Chapter A.4.1 --- Coding of Motion Vectors --- p.90
Chapter A.4.2 --- Coding of Quantized Coefficients --- p.94
References --- p.101

Tang, Kai Lam.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Acknowledgement --- p.i
Abstract --- p.ii
Contents --- p.iv
Publication List --- p.vii
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1-1
Chapter 1.1 --- Video Coding --- p.1-1
Chapter 1.1.1 --- Temporal prediction --- p.1-5
Chapter 1.1.2 --- Transform Coding --- p.1-9
Chapter 1.1.3 --- Quantization --- p.1-12
Chapter 1.1.4 --- Entropy Coding --- p.1-14
Chapter 1.2 --- H.264/MPEG-4 Part 10 --- p.1-15
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Overview --- p.1-16
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Intra Prediction --- p.1-19
Chapter 1.2.3 --- Inter Prediction --- p.1-20
Chapter 1.2.4 --- Transform and Quantization --- p.1-23
Chapter 1.2.5 --- Entropy Coding --- p.1-25
Chapter 1.2.6 --- Deblocking Filter --- p.1-29
Chapter 1.3 --- Organization of the Thesis --- p.1-32
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Review of Motion Estimation Techniques --- p.1-32
Chapter 1.3.2 --- The Proposed Algorithms --- p.1-33
Chapter 1.3.3 --- Optimization of the Codec --- p.1-34
Chapter 1.4 --- Contributions --- p.1-35
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Review of Motion Estimation Techniques --- p.2-1
Chapter 2.1 --- Fast Full Search --- p.2-2
Chapter 2.2 --- Hybrid Unsymmetrical-cross Multi-Hexagon-grid Search --- p.2-4
Chapter 2.3 --- Center biased Fractional Pel Search --- p.2-6
Chapter 2.4 --- Enhanced Predictive Zonal Search --- p.2-7
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Enhancement Techniques for Intra Block Matching --- p.3-1
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.3-1
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Fundamental Principles --- p.3-1
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Variable Block Size Intra Block Matching --- p.3-3
Chapter 3.2 --- Proposed Techniques --- p.3-5
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Padding --- p.3-5
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Modes --- p.3-9
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Performance Enhancement Tools --- p.3-12
Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Multiple Best Matches --- p.3-12
Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Adaptive Integer and Sub-pixel Intra Block Matching --- p.3-13
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Pseudo Intra Block Matching --- p.3-14
Chapter 3.3 --- Proposed Fast Algorithms --- p.3-16
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Fast Intra Block Matching Decision --- p.3-16
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Skipping some Intra Block Matching Processes --- p.3-18
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Early Termination --- p.3-19
Chapter 3.3.4 --- SAD Reuse Techniques --- p.3-21
Chapter 3.4 --- Experimental Results --- p.3-22
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Enhanced SAD Reuse Fast Motion Estimation --- p.4-1
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.4-1
Chapter 4.2 --- Proposed Fast Motion Estimation Algorithm --- p.4-3
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Best Initial Motion Vector --- p.4-3
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Initial Search Pattern --- p.4-4
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Initial Search Process and Search Pattern Improvement Process --- p.4-7
Chapter 4.2.3.1 --- BISPCSP Motion Estimation or Refinement Process Decision --- p.4-8
Chapter 4.2.3.2 --- ISP Motion Estimation or Refinement Process Decision --- p.4-9
Chapter 4.2.4 --- Motion Estimation Process and Refinement Process --- p.4-9
Chapter 4.2.4.1 --- Motion Estimation Process --- p.4-9
Chapter 4.2.4.2 --- Refinement Process --- p.4-11
Chapter 4.2.5 --- Motion Estimation Skip Process for B Pictures --- p.4-12
Chapter 4.3 --- Experimental Results --- p.4-13
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Development of Real-Time H.264 Codec on Pocket PC --- p.5-1
Chapter 5.1 --- Algorithmic Optimizations --- p.5-2
Chapter 5.1.1 --- Fast Sub-Pixel Motion Estimation --- p.5-2
Chapter 5.1.2 --- Interpolation --- p.5-5
Chapter 5.1.2.1 --- Revision of Luma Interpolation --- p.5-5
Chapter 5.1.2.2 --- Fast Interpolation --- p.5-8
Chapter 5.1.3 --- Skipping Inverse ICT and Inverse Quantization Depends on Coded Block Pattern --- p.5-10
Chapter 5. 2 --- Code Level Optimizations --- p.5-12
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Merging Loops --- p.5-12
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Moving Independent Code outside the Loop --- p.5-13
Chapter 5.2.3 --- Unrolling Loops --- p.5-14
Chapter 5.3 --- Experimental Results --- p.5-16
Chapter 5.4 --- Applications --- p.5-26
Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusions and Future Development --- p.6-1
Chapter 6.1 --- Conclusions --- p.6-1
Chapter 6.1.1 --- Enhancement Techniques for Intra Block Matching --- p.6-1
Chapter 6.1.2 --- Enhanced SAD Reuse Fast Motion Estimation --- p.6-1
Chapter 6.1.3 --- Development of Real-Time H.264 Codec on Pocket PC --- p.6-2
Chapter 6.2 --- Future Development --- p.6-3
Bibliography --- p.I

by Chan Ho Chow.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-67).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Background --- p.5
Chapter 2.1. --- Packet Loss in the Internet --- p.5
Chapter 2.2. --- Shared Internet --- p.7
Chapter 2.3. --- Video Streaming --- p.10
Chapter 2.4. --- Real-time video transmission criteria --- p.11
Chapter 2.5. --- Existing Video Streaming Protocol --- p.13
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) --- p.16
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Variable-rate Streaming TCP (VarS-TCP) --- p.22
Chapter 4.1. --- General Idea --- p.22
Chapter 4.2. --- Assumptions --- p.25
Chapter 4.3. --- VarS-TCP Algorithm --- p.26
Chapter 4.3.1. --- Connection Initialization --- p.26
Chapter 4.3.2. --- Normal Data Transfer --- p.27
Chapter 4.4. --- Skipping packets in TCP --- p.32
Chapter 4.4.1. --- Types of skipped packet --- p.32
Chapter 4.4.2. --- Acknowledging skipped packets --- p.34
Chapter 4.4.3. --- Maintaining Normal Data Flow --- p.35
Chapter 4.4.4. --- Congestion Control --- p.37
Chapter 4.4.5. --- Packets skipped by receiver --- p.41
Chapter 4.5. --- Rebuffering --- p.44
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Simulation Result --- p.45
Chapter 5.1. --- Accumulating Data --- p.46
Chapter 5.2. --- Delay Constraints --- p.48
Chapter 5.3. --- Adapting network situation --- p.50
Chapter 5.4. --- Sharing bandwidth with TCP --- p.52
Chapter 5.5. --- Random Traffic --- p.58
Chapter 5.6. --- Effect of packet skip threshold --- p.59
Chapter 5.7. --- Effect of round-trip-time --- p.61
Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion and Future Works --- p.63
Bibliography --- p.65

As a proof of concept, the presented power-efficient design methodology is experimentally verified on a H.264/AVC baseline decoding system. A prototype chip is fabricated in UMC 0.18mum 1P6M standard CMOS technology. It is capable to decode H.264/AVC baseline profile of QCIF at 30fps. The chip contains 169k gates and 2.5k bytes on-chip SRAM with 4.5mmx4.5mm chip area. It dissipates 293muW at 1.0V and 973muW at 1.8V during realtime video decoding. Compared with conventional designs, the measured power consumption is reduced up to one order of magnitude.
CMOS technology has now entered "power-limited scaling regime", where power consumption moves from being one of many design metrics to being the number one design metric. However, rapid advances of multimedia entertainment pose more stringent constraints on power dissipation mainly due to the increased video quality. Although general power-efficient design techniques have been formed for several years, no literature studied how to systematically apply them on a specific application like video decoding. Besides these general methods, video decoding has its unique power optimization entries due to temporal, spatial, and statistical redundancy in digital video data.
This research focuses on a systematic way to exploit power saving potentials spanning all design levels for real-time video decoding. At the algorithm level, the computational complexity and data width are optimized. At the architectural level, pipelining and parallelism are widely adopted to reduce the operating frequency; distributed processing greatly helps to reduce the number of global communications; hierarchical memory organization moves great part of data access from larger or external memories to smaller ones. At the circuit level, resource sharing reduces total switching capacitance by multi-function reconfigurations; the knowledge about signal statistics is exploited to reduce the number of transitions; data dependent signal-gating and clock-gating are introduced which are dynamic techniques to for power reduction; multiplications, which account for large chip area and switching power, are reduced to minimum through proper transformations, while complex dividers are totally eliminated. At the transistor and physical design level, cell sizing and layout are optimized for power-efficiency purpose. The higher levels, like algorithm and architecture, contribute to larger portion of power reduction, while the lower levels, like transistor and physical, further reduce power where high level techniques are not applicable.
Xu, Ke.
"September 2007."
Adviser: Chui-Sing Choy.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-08, Section: B, page: 4952.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 239-247).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
School code: 1307.

Different Ways to Record Light is a series of photographs, videos and objects that explore the affect that popular culture has on how I perceive, and make sense of the world around me. By using light as a thematic and metaphoric subject this work opens up a discourse about the role that images and technology play in our perceptual lives. This thesis paper will give a theoretical, contextual and historical framework for the concepts explored in my studio practice.

Lu, Shi.
Thesis submitted in: December 2004.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-109).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.ii
Acknowledgement --- p.vi
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Motivation and Objectives --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Our Contributions --- p.3
Chapter 1.3 --- Thesis Outline --- p.4
Chapter 2 --- Related Work --- p.6
Chapter 2.1 --- Static Video Summary --- p.6
Chapter 2.2 --- Dynamic Video Skimming --- p.10
Chapter 2.3 --- Summary --- p.14
Chapter 3 --- Greedy Method Based Skim Generation --- p.16
Chapter 3.1 --- Selected Video Features for Video Summarization --- p.17
Chapter 3.2 --- Video Summarization Problem --- p.18
Chapter 3.3 --- Experiments --- p.22
Chapter 3.4 --- Summary --- p.25
Chapter 4 --- Video Structure Analysis --- p.27
Chapter 4.1 --- Video Shot Detection --- p.29
Chapter 4.1.1 --- Shot Cut Detection --- p.30
Chapter 4.1.2 --- Fade Detection --- p.35
Chapter 4.2 --- Video Shot Group Construction --- p.38
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Shot Pairwise Similarity Measure --- p.39
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Video Shot Grouping by VToC --- p.41
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Spectral Graph Partitioning --- p.42
Chapter 4.3 --- Video Scene Detection --- p.46
Chapter 4.4 --- Shot Arrangement Patterns --- p.48
Chapter 4.5 --- Experiments --- p.50
Chapter 4.6 --- Summary --- p.53
Chapter 5 --- Graph Optimization-Based Video Summary Generation --- p.55
Chapter 5.1 --- Video Scene Analysis --- p.56
Chapter 5.1.1 --- Scene Content Entropy --- p.57
Chapter 5.1.2 --- Target Skim Length Assignment --- p.58
Chapter 5.2 --- Graph Modelling of Video Scenes --- p.59
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Decompose the Video Scene into Candidate Video Strings --- p.60
Chapter 5.2.2 --- The Spatial-Temporal Relation Graph --- p.61
Chapter 5.2.3 --- The Optimal Skim Problem --- p.62
Chapter 5.3 --- Graph Optimization --- p.64
Chapter 5.4 --- Static Video Summary Generation --- p.65
Chapter 5.5 --- Experiments --- p.68
Chapter 5.6 --- Summary --- p.74
Chapter 6 --- Video Content Annotation and Semantic Video Summarization --- p.75
Chapter 6.1 --- Semantic Video Content Annotation --- p.77
Chapter 6.1.1 --- Video Shot Segmentation --- p.77
Chapter 6.1.2 --- Semi-Automatic Video Shot Annotation --- p.77
Chapter 6.2 --- Video Structures and Semantics --- p.78
Chapter 6.2.1 --- Video Structure Analysis --- p.78
Chapter 6.2.2 --- Video Structure and Video Edit Process --- p.80
Chapter 6.2.3 --- Mutual Reinforcement and Semantic Video Shot Group Detection --- p.81
Chapter 6.3 --- Semantic Video Summarization --- p.84
Chapter 6.3.1 --- Summarization Requests and Goals --- p.84
Chapter 6.3.2 --- Determine the Sub-Skimming Length for Each Scene --- p.85
Chapter 6.3.3 --- Extracting Video Shots by String Analysis --- p.86
Chapter 6.4 --- Experiments --- p.88
Chapter 6.5 --- Summary --- p.92
Chapter 7 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.93
Chapter 7.1 --- Summary --- p.93
Chapter 7.2 --- Future Work --- p.95
Chapter A --- Notations --- p.97
Bibliography --- p.100

論文研究了圖像及技頻信號的去躁技術，共分為四部分。第一部分研究了用來改進編碼的圖像的主觀同客觀賞質量的方法，介紹了兩個有效的圖像后處理技術。第二部分研究了基於貝葉斯估計鋒的對高斯噪聲圖像的去噪方法。第三部分介紹了對編碼的視頻信號去噪的兩個方法，這些方法可作為視頻環路和后處理濾波器，從而改進視頻信號的編碼性能。第四部分介紹了圖像邊緣檢測技術，該技術可結合基於於邊緣的圖像處理設術來改進含噪圖像的主觀同客觀質量。
第一部分，我們研究了一些用來改進編碼的圖像和視頻主觀同客觀質量的有效技術。採用基於塊的離散餘弦變換(DCT) 壓縮標準的圖像和視頻存在編碼效應。為了減少圖像的編碼效應，我們提出了一個基於綫性最小均值平方誤差(MMSE)標準的非局部Kuan (NLK) 濾波器。它被用來恢復量化后的DCT係數，然後我們提出了雙重量非局部Kuan (DNLK) 濾波器。這個DNLK濾波器用在過完備的DCTl係數，進一步形成了過完備雙重非局部Kuan (OCNLK) 濾波器。通過對一些使用測試用的量化表編碼的圖像， JPEG編碼的圖像的實驗，驗證了這兩种方法的有效性。
第二部分，我們採用了貝葉斯估計器來估計原始的變換域係數。該方法是對非局部Kuan (NLK) 濾波器的改進，它採用了高斯尺度混合模型來考慮變換域係數的非高斯特性。除去非局部估計的均值后的殘差係數並不是高斯分佈，所以我們採用了高斯混合模型來表示表示這些殘差係數。實驗給果證明了它在圖像去噪應用上的有效性，以及比NLK 濾波器更好的性能。
第三部分描述了用來改進視頻編碼性能的基於NLK 的方法。對於採用楨内/間預測和變換編碼的視頻而言，直接使用NLK濾波器將不能有效的去除編碼效應。我們分析了其中的原因，並提出了兩個視頻環路濾波器:基於四叉樹的NLK (QNLK) 濾波器和基於四叉樹的過完備NLK (QOCNLK) 濾波器。NLK 和過完備NLK濾波器用來恢復視頻殘差的量化係數。這些恢復后的係數進一步投射到所設計的量化約數集(QCS)裏。四叉樹技術用來進行自適應的濾波控制。實驗結果表明了相對于H.264/AVC HighProfile ，這些技術達到了可觀的比特率壓縮效率和視覺質量改善。我們同時也採用了QNLK和QOCNLK濾波器進行視頻后處理，並給出了實驗結果和分析。
第四部分，我們研究了一個基於非下採樣小波，使用三維隱馬爾可伕模型(HMM)的邊緣檢測技術。 提出的模型不僅能捕獲不同尺度間小波係數的關係，而且考慮了尺度内係數的依賴性。一個計算有效的最大似然(ML) 估計算法用來計算該模型的參數，每一個係數對應的隱含狀態用最大后騐(MAP) 估計來求得。基於一些自然圖像的實驗給果用來評償該算法。對於含噪圖像，該算法可以同時提取邊緣和去除噪聲信號。另外，提出的該模型對於其它的圖像視頻處理任務也是一個潛在的多尺度統計模型工具。
The thesis investigates techniques to reduce noise in image and video signals.The investigation can be divided into four parts. The first part studies methods to improve the objective and subjective quality of coded images. The proposed two efficient image postprocessing techniques are presented. The second part investigates noise reduction of image signals corrupted by Gaussian noise and presents a denoising method based on Bayes estimator. The third part investigates noise reduction of coded videos by two different approaches. The approaches are used as video loop and postprocessing filters, in order to improve the coding performance of video signals. Finally, the fourth part investigates a new edge detection method that can provide an accurate detection of edges. The method can be used together with edge-based image processing techniques to improve objective and subjective quality of noisy images.
In the first part, the technique to improve the subjective and objective quality of coded images are studied. Coding artifacts exist in images using block-based discrete cosine transform (DCT) compression standards. In order to reduce image coding artifacts, a non-local Kuan's (NLK) filter is proposed from the minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) criterion. It is used to restore quantized DCT coefficients. Then we propose the dual non-local Kuan's (DNLK) filter by applying the NLK filter in dual-layer. The DNLK filter is further extended to form the overcomplete dual non-local Kuan's (OCDNLK) filter by applying to the overcomplete DCT coefficients. Experimental results on coded images using test quantization tables and JPEG coded images show the effectiveness of the two methods.
In the second part, we use a Bayes least square estimator to estimate the original transform coefficients optimally, from the Bayes perspective. It is an improved nonlocal Kuan's filter by considering non-Gaussian property of transform coefficients using Gaussian scale mixture model. The residual coefficients after subtracting non-local estimated means are not Gaussian distributed, so a Gaussian scale mixture model is employed to represent the residual coefficients. Experiments demonstrate its efficiency on image denoising and better performance than the NLK filter.
In the third part, the proposed methods based on the NLK filter to improve video coding performance are studied. Direct application of the NLK filter on videos coded using intra/inter-frame prediction and transform coding cannot improve coding performance efficiently. We identify the causes of the problem and propose quadtree-based NLK (QNLK) loop filter and quadtree-based overcomplete NLK (QOCNLK) loop filter to solve the problem. NLK and overcomplete NLK loop filters are used to restore quantized residual transform coefficients. Restored coefficients are then projected onto designed quantization constraint sets (QCS). Quadtree-based signaling strategy is used for adaptive filtering control. Experimental results show that the proposed loop filtering techniques achieve significant bit rate saving and visual quality improvement compared with H.264 or advanced video coding (AVC) High Profile. We also provide the experimental results and analysis of postprocessing application using QNLK and QOCNLK filters.
In the fourth part, a new edge detecting technique using 3-D Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based on the non-decimated wavelet is studied. The proposed model can not only capture the relationship of wavelet coefficients inter-scale, but also consider the intra-scale dependence. A computationally efficient maximum likelihood (ML) estimation algorithm is employed to compute parameters and the hidden state of each coefficient is revealed by maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation. Experimental results of natural images are provided to evaluate the algorithm. For noisy images, the method can extract edges and remove noise simultaneously. The method can be used together with edge-based image processing techniques to improve subjective and objective quality of noisy images. In addition, the proposed model has the potential to be an efficient multi-scale statistical modeling tool for other image or video processing tasks.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Zhang, Renqi.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-113).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract also in Chinese.
Dedication --- p.ii
Acknowledgments --- p.iii
Abstract --- p.viii
Publications --- p.x
Nomenclature --- p.xii
Contents --- p.xviii
List of Figures --- p.xxi
List o f Tables --- p.xxiii
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Motivation and Objectives --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Thesis Outline --- p.4
Chapter 2 --- Image/Video Coding Standard --- p.5
Chapter 2.1 --- Image Coding Standard JPEG --- p.5
Chapter 2.1.1 --- JPEG Codec --- p.6
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Block-based Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) --- p.7
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Quant ization and Entropy Coding --- p.9
Chapter 2.1.4 --- Decoding --- p.11
Chapter 2.1.5 --- Effects of JPEG Compression --- p.12
Chapter 2.2 --- Video Coding Standard H.264/AVC --- p.12
Chapter 2.2.1 --- H.264 Codec --- p.14
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Inter Prediction --- p.15
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Intra Prediction --- p.15
Chapter 2.2.4 --- Transform and Quantization --- p.17
Chapter 2.2.5 --- Deblocking Filter --- p.19
Chapter 2.3 --- Conclusion --- p.21
Chapter 3 --- Image Postprocessing --- p.22
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.22
Chapter 3.2 --- The Proposed Non-local KUAN's Filter in the DCT Domain --- p.24
Chapter 3.2.1 --- LMMSE Filter in the DCT Domain --- p.25
Chapter 3.2.2 --- The solution of the LMMSE Filter --- p.26
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Non-local Parameter Estimation --- p.29
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Investigation on Assumptions 1 and 2 --- p.29
Chapter 3.3 --- Image Postprocessing by the Dual Non-local Kuan's Filter --- p.34
Chapter 3.3.1 --- DNLK Filter --- p.35
Chapter 3.3.2 --- OCDNLK Filter --- p.36
Chapter 3.4 --- Experimental Results and Analysis --- p.37
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Experiments on Three Test Quantization Tables --- p.37
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Experiment al Setting --- p.38
Chapter 3.4.3 --- Experiment al Results and Comparison with State-of-the-Art Methods --- p.38
Chapter 3.4.4 --- Postprocessing on JPEG Coded Images --- p.40
Chapter 3.4.5 --- Complexity Analysis --- p.40
Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusion --- p.41
Chapter 4 --- Improved Non-local Kuan's Filter using a Gaussian Scale Mixture --- p.49
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.49
Chapter 4.1 --- Non-local Kuan's filter in the DCT domain --- p.50
Chapter 4.1 --- Improved Non-local Kuan's Filter using a Guassian Scale Mixture --- p.52
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Gaussian Scale Mixture Model --- p.52
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Computation of Bayes Least Square Estimator --- p.55
Chapter 4.4 --- Experimental Sett ings and Results --- p.56
Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusion --- p.57
Chapter 5 --- Quadtree-based Non-local Kuan's Filtering in Video Compression --- p.59
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.59
Chapter 5.2 --- The Proposed Loop Filters --- p.62
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Non-local Kuan's Filter --- p.62
Chapter 5.2.2 --- The NLK Loop Filter --- p.65
Chapter 5.2.3 --- The Overcomplete NLK Loop Filter --- p.67
Chapter 5.2.4 --- Use of t he Quant ization Constraint Set (QCS) --- p.69
Chapter 5.2.5 --- Performance of t he NLK and OCNLK Loop Filters for Video Coding --- p.70
Chapter 5.2.6 --- The Proposed Quadtree-based NLK and OCNLK Loop Filters --- p.74
Chapter 5.3 --- Experimental Result s and Analysis of QNLK and QOCNLK Loop Filters --- p.76
Chapter 5.3.1 --- Experiment al Results of QNLK and QOCNLK Loop Filters --- p.76
Chapter 5.3.2 --- Computational Complexity Analysis --- p.78
Chapter 5.4 --- QNLK and QOCNLK Postprocessing Filters --- p.82
Chapter 5.4.1 --- Experimental Result s and Analysis ofQNLK and QOCNLK Postprocessing Filters --- p.84
Chapter 5.5 --- Conclusion --- p.85
Chapter 6 --- Image Edge Detection using 3-D Hidden Markov Model based on the Non-decimated Wavelet --- p.88
Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.88
Chapter 6.2 --- Three-dimensional HMM based on the Non-decimated Wavelet (3-D N-WHMM) --- p.90
Chapter 6.2.1 --- Hidden Markov Model (HMM) --- p.90
Chapter 6.2.2 --- 3-D Hidden Markov Model (3-D HMM) --- p.91
Chapter 6.2.3 --- Construction of the 3-D NWHMM --- p.92
Chapter 6.2.4 --- Probabilistic Model for Individual Wavelet Coefficient --- p.92
Chapter 6.2.5 --- Training Paramet ers and Searching for Hidden States --- p.94
Chapter 6.3 --- Experimental Results and Analysis --- p.96
Chapter 6.3.1 --- The algorithm implementation --- p.96
Chapter 6.3.2 --- Comparisons with Canny and two multi-scalet echniques --- p.96
Chapter 6.3.3 --- Experimental results of noisy images --- p.98
Chapter 6.4 --- Conclusion --- p.98
Chapter 7 --- Conclusions and Future Work --- p.103
Chapter 7.1 --- Contributions of The Thesis --- p.103
Chapter 7.2 --- Future Work and Research Directions --- p.104
Chapter A --- Appendix A --- p.107
Chapter A.1 --- Mathematical Derivations of equation (4.6) --- p.107
Bibliography --- p.109

by Kelvin Kwok-wai Law.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-68).
Abstract --- p.i
Acknowledgments --- p.iii
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Motivation --- p.2
Chapter 1.3 --- Scope --- p.3
Chapter 1.4 --- Dissertation Outline --- p.4
Chapter 2 --- Background and Related Researches --- p.6
Chapter 2.1 --- Interactive Services --- p.6
Chapter 2.2 --- VOD Architecture --- p.7
Chapter 2.3 --- Video Compression --- p.10
Chapter 2.3.1 --- DCT Based Compression --- p.11
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Subband Video Compression --- p.12
Chapter 2.4 --- Related Research --- p.14
Chapter 3 --- Multiple Resolutions Video File System --- p.16
Chapter 3.1 --- Physical Disk Storage System --- p.16
Chapter 3.2 --- Multi-resolution Video Data Placement Scheme --- p.17
Chapter 3.3 --- Example of our Video Block Assignment Algorithm --- p.23
Chapter 3.4 --- An Assignment Algorithm for Homogeneous Video Files --- p.26
Chapter 4 --- Disk Scheduling and Admission Control --- p.33
Chapter 4.1 --- Disk Scheduling Algorithm --- p.33
Chapter 4.2 --- Admission Control --- p.40
Chapter 5 --- Load Balancing of the Disk System --- p.43
Chapter 6 --- Buffer Management --- p.49
Chapter 6.1 --- Buffer Organization --- p.49
Chapter 6.2 --- Buffer Requirement For Different Video Playback Mode --- p.51
Chapter 7 --- Conclusions --- p.63
Bibliography --- p.66

Chan Pik-Wah.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 111-130).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
Acknowledgement --- p.iv
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Research Objective --- p.3
Chapter 1.3 --- Contributions --- p.4
Chapter 1.4 --- The Structure of this Thesis --- p.6
Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.7
Chapter 2.1 --- Security in Multimedia Communications --- p.8
Chapter 2.2 --- Cryptography --- p.11
Chapter 2.3 --- Digital Watermarking --- p.14
Chapter 2.4 --- Essential Ingredients for Video Watermarking --- p.16
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Fidelity --- p.16
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Robustness --- p.17
Chapter 2.4.3 --- Use of Keys --- p.19
Chapter 2.4.4 --- Blind Detection --- p.20
Chapter 2.4.5 --- Capacity and Speed --- p.20
Chapter 2.4.6 --- Statistical Imperceptibility --- p.21
Chapter 2.4.7 --- Low Error Probability --- p.21
Chapter 2.4.8 --- Real-time Detector Complexity --- p.21
Chapter 2.5 --- Review on Video Watermarking Techniques --- p.22
Chapter 2.5.1 --- Video Watermarking --- p.25
Chapter 2.5.2 --- Spatial Domain Watermarks --- p.26
Chapter 2.5.3 --- Frequency Domain Watermarks --- p.30
Chapter 2.5.4 --- Watermarks Based on MPEG Coding Struc- tures --- p.35
Chapter 2.6 --- Comparison between Different Watermarking Schemes --- p.38
Chapter 3 --- Novel Watermarking Schemes --- p.42
Chapter 3.1 --- A Scene-based Video Watermarking Scheme --- p.42
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Watermark Preprocess --- p.44
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Video Preprocess --- p.46
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Watermark Embedding --- p.48
Chapter 3.1.4 --- Watermark Detection --- p.50
Chapter 3.2 --- Theoretical Analysis --- p.52
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Performance --- p.52
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Capacity --- p.56
Chapter 3.3 --- A Hybrid Watermarking Scheme --- p.60
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Visual-audio Hybrid Watermarking --- p.61
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Hybrid Approach with Different Water- marking Schemes --- p.69
Chapter 3.4 --- A Genetic Algorithm-based Video Watermarking Scheme --- p.73
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Watermarking Scheme --- p.75
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Problem Modelling --- p.76
Chapter 3.4.3 --- Chromosome Encoding --- p.79
Chapter 3.4.4 --- Genetic Operators --- p.80
Chapter 4 --- Experimental Results --- p.85
Chapter 4.1 --- Test on Robustness --- p.85
Chapter 4.1.1 --- Experiment with Frame Dropping --- p.87
Chapter 4.1.2 --- Experiment with Frame Averaging and Sta- tistical Analysis --- p.89
Chapter 4.1.3 --- Experiment with Lossy Compression --- p.90
Chapter 4.1.4 --- Test of Robustness with StirMark 4.0 --- p.92
Chapter 4.1.5 --- Overall Comparison --- p.98
Chapter 4.2 --- Test on Fidelity --- p.100
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Parameter(s) Setting --- p.101
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Evaluate with PSNR --- p.101
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Evaluate with MAD --- p.102
Chapter 4.3 --- Other Features of the Scheme --- p.105
Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusion --- p.106
Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.108
Bibliography --- p.110

Video segmentation is the first step to most content-based video analysis. In this thesis, several methods have been proposed to detect shot transitions including cut and wipe. In particular, a new cut detection method is proposed to apply multi-adaptive thresholds during three-step processing of frame-by-frame discontinuity values. A "likelihood value", which measures the possibility of the presence of a cut at each step of processing, is used to reduce the influence of threshold selection to the detection performance. A wipe detection algorithm is also proposed in our thesis to detect various wipe effects with accurate frame ranges. In the algorithm, we carefully model a wipe based on its properties and then use the model to remove possible confusion caused by motion or other transition effects.
With the segmented video shots, video indexing and retrieval systems retrieve video shots using shot-based similarity matching based on the features of shot key-frames. Most shot-based similarity matching methods focus on low-level features such as color and texture. Those methods are often not effective enough in video retrieval due to the large gap between semantic interpretation of videos and the low level features. In this thesis, we propose an attention-driven video retrieval method by using an efficient spatiotemporal attention detection framework. Within the framework, we propose an efficient method for focus of attention (FOA) detection which involves combining adaptively the spatial and motion attention to form an overall attention map. Without computing motion explicitly, it detects motion attention using the rank deficiency of gray scale gradient tensors. We also propose an attention-driven shot matching method using primarily FOA. The matching method boosts the attended regions in the respective shots by converting attention values to importance factors in the process of shot similarity matching. Experiment results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method in shot similarity matching.
Li, Shan.
"September 2007."
Adviser: Moon-Chuen Lee.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: B, page: 1108.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 150-168).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract in English and Chinese.
School code: 1307.

Yim, Ka Yee.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 43).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Acknowledgements --- p.vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.viii
LIST OF TABLES --- p.x
LIST OF FIGURES --- p.xi
Chapter CHAPTER 1 : --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter 1.1. --- Motivation --- p.1
Chapter 1.2. --- Overview --- p.2
Chapter 1.3. --- H.264 Overview --- p.2
Chapter CHAPTER 2 : --- CABAC --- p.7
Chapter 2.1. --- Introduction --- p.7
Chapter 2.2. --- CABAC Decoder Implementation Review --- p.7
Chapter 2.3. --- CABAC Algorithm Review --- p.9
Chapter 2.4. --- Proposed CABAC Decoder Implementation --- p.13
Chapter 2.5. --- FSM Method Bin Matching --- p.20
Chapter 2.6. --- CABAC Experimental Results --- p.22
Chapter 2.7. --- Summary --- p.26
Chapter CHAPTER 3 : --- INTEGRATION --- p.27
Chapter 3.1. --- Introduction --- p.27
Chapter 3.2. --- Reused Baseline Decoder Review --- p.27
Chapter 3.3. --- Integration --- p.30
Chapter 3.4. --- Proposed Solution for Motion Vector Decoding --- p.33
Chapter 3.5. --- Synthesis Result and Performance Analysis --- p.37
Chapter CHAPTER 4 : --- CONCLUSION --- p.39
Chapter 4.1. --- Main Contribution --- p.39
Chapter 4.2. --- Reflection on the Development --- p.39
Chapter 4.3. --- Future Work --- p.41
BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.43

by Lai Hin Lun.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-57).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
Acknowledgement --- p.iv
Table of Contents --- p.v
List of Figures --- p.vii
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Related Works --- p.8
Chapter 2.1 --- Source Modeling --- p.9
Chapter 2.2 --- CBR Scheduler for VBR Delivery --- p.11
Chapter 2.3 --- Brute Force Scheduler: --- p.15
Chapter 2.4 --- Temporal Smoothing Scheduler: --- p.16
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Decreasing Rate Scheduling --- p.22
Chapter 3.1 --- MDRS with Minimum Buffer Requirement --- p.25
Chapter 3.2 --- 2-Rate MDRS --- p.31
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Performance Evaluation --- p.33
Chapter 4.1 --- Buffer Requirement --- p.35
Chapter 4.2 --- Startup Delay --- p.38
Chapter 4.3 --- Disk Utilization --- p.39
Chapter 4.4 --- Complexity --- p.43
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.49
Appendix --- p.51
Bibliography --- p.54

Besides ABT with higher order transform, a transform based template matching is also investigated. A fast method of template matching, called Fast Walsh Search, is developed. This search method has similar accuracy as exhaustive search but significantly lower computation requirement.
In this thesis, the development of simple but efficient order-16 transforms will be shown. Analysis and comparison with existing order-16 transforms have been carried out. The proposed order-16 transforms were integrated to the existing coding standard reference software individually so as to achieve a new ABT system. In the proposed ABT system, order-4, order-8 and order-16 transforms coexist. The selection of the most appropriate transform is based on the rate-distortion performance of these transforms. A remarkable improvement in coding performance is shown in the experiment results. A significant bit rate reduction can be achieved with our proposed ABT system with both subjective and objective qualities remain unchanged.
Prior knowledge of the coefficient distribution is a key to achieve better coding performance. This is very useful in many areas in coding such as rate control, rate distortion optimization, etc. It is also shown that coefficient distribution of predicted residue is closer to Cauchy distribution rather than traditionally expected Laplace distribution. This can effectively improve the existing processing techniques.
Three kinds of order-l 6 orthogonal DCT-like integer transforms are proposed in this thesis. The first one is the simple integer transform, which is expanded from existing order-8 ICT. The second one is the hybrid integer transform from the Dyadic Weighted Walsh Transform (DWWT). It is shown that it has a better performance than simple integer transform. The last one is a recursive transform. Order-2N transform can be derived from order-N one. It is very close to the DCT. This recursive transform can be implemented in two different ways and they are denoted as LLMICT and CSFICT. They have excellent coding performance. These proposed transforms are investigated and are implemented into the reference software of H.264 and AVS. They are also compared with other order-16 orthogonal integer transform. Experimental results show that the proposed transforms give excellent coding performance and ease to compute.
Transform is a very important coding tool in video coding. It decorrelates the pixel data and removes the redundancy among pixels so as to achieve compression. Traditionally, order-S transform is used in video and image coding. Latest video coding standards, such as H.264/AVC, adopt both order-4 and order-8 transforms. The adaptive use of more than one transforms of different sizes is known as Arbitrary Block-size Transform (ABT). Transforms other than order-4 and order-8 can also be used in ABT. It is expected larger transform size such as order-16 will benefit more in video sequences with higher resolutions such as nap and 1a8ap sequences. As a result, order-16 transform is introduced into ABT system.
Fong, Chi Keung.
Adviser: Wai Kuen Cham.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-04, Section: B, page: .
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011.
Includes bibliographical references.
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract also in Chinese.

by Chan Kwong Wing Raymond.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-123).
Acknowledgments --- p.i
Table of Contents --- p.ii-v
List of Tables --- p.vi
List of Figures --- p.vii
Abstract --- p.1
Chapter Chapter 1 : --- Introduction
Chapter 1.1 --- An Introduction to Video Compression --- p.3
Chapter 1.2 --- Overview of Problems --- p.4
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Analog Video and Digital Problems --- p.4
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Low Bit Rate Application Problems --- p.4
Chapter 1.2.3 --- Real Time Video Compression Problems --- p.5
Chapter 1.2.4 --- Source Coding and Channel Coding Problems --- p.6
Chapter 1.2.5 --- Bit-rate and Quality Problems --- p.7
Chapter 1.3 --- Organization of the Thesis --- p.7
Chapter Chapter 2 : --- Background and Related Work
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.9
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Analog Video --- p.9
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Digital Video --- p.10
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Color Theory --- p.10
Chapter 2.2 --- Video Coding --- p.12
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Predictive Coding --- p.12
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Vector Quantization --- p.12
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Subband Coding --- p.13
Chapter 2.2.4 --- Transform Coding --- p.14
Chapter 2.2.5 --- Hybrid Coding --- p.14
Chapter 2.3 --- Transform Coding --- p.15
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Discrete Cosine Transform --- p.16
Chapter 2.3.1.1 --- 1-D Fast Algorithms --- p.16
Chapter 2.3.1.2 --- 2-D Fast Algorithms --- p.17
Chapter 2.3.1.3 --- Multidimensional DCT Algorithms --- p.17
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Quantization --- p.18
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Entropy Coding --- p.18
Chapter 2.3.3.1 --- Huffman Coding --- p.19
Chapter 2.3.3.2 --- Arithmetic Coding --- p.19
Chapter Chapter 3 : --- Existing Compression Scheme
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.20
Chapter 3.2 --- Motion JPEG --- p.20
Chapter 3.3 --- MPEG --- p.20
Chapter 3.4 --- H.261 --- p.22
Chapter 3.5 --- Other Techniques --- p.23
Chapter 3.5.1 --- Fractals --- p.23
Chapter 3.5.2 --- Wavelets --- p.23
Chapter 3.6 --- Proposed Solution --- p.24
Chapter 3.7 --- Summary --- p.25
Chapter Chapter 4 : --- Fast 3D-DCT Algorithms
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.27
Chapter 4.1.1 --- Motivation --- p.27
Chapter 4.1.2 --- Potentials of 3D DCT --- p.28
Chapter 4.2 --- Three Dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform (3D-DCT) --- p.29
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Inverse 3D-DCT --- p.29
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Forward 3D-DCT --- p.30
Chapter 4.3 --- 3-D FCT (3-D Fast Cosine Transform Algorithm --- p.30
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Partitioning and Rearrangement of Data Cube --- p.30
Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- Spatio-temporal Data Cube --- p.30
Chapter 4.3.1.2 --- Spatio-temporal Transform Domain Cube --- p.31
Chapter 4.3.1.3 --- Coefficient Matrices --- p.31
Chapter 4.3.2 --- 3-D Inverse Fast Cosine Transform (3-D IFCT) --- p.32
Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- Matrix Representations --- p.32
Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- Simplification of the calculation steps --- p.33
Chapter 4.3.3 --- 3-D Forward Fast Cosine Transform (3-D FCT) --- p.35
Chapter 4.3.3.1 --- Decomposition --- p.35
Chapter 4.3.3.2 --- Reconstruction --- p.36
Chapter 4.4 --- The Fast Algorithm --- p.36
Chapter 4.5 --- Example using 4x4x4 IFCT --- p.38
Chapter 4.6 --- Complexity Comparison --- p.43
Chapter 4.6.1 --- Complexity of Multiplications --- p.43
Chapter 4.6.2 --- Complexity of Additions --- p.43
Chapter 4.7 --- Implementation Issues --- p.44
Chapter 4.8 --- Summary --- p.46
Chapter Chapter 5 : --- Quantization
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.49
Chapter 5.2 --- Dynamic Ranges of 3D-DCT Coefficients --- p.49
Chapter 5.3 --- Distribution of 3D-DCT AC Coefficients --- p.54
Chapter 5.4 --- Quantization Volume --- p.55
Chapter 5.4.1 --- Shifted Complement Hyperboloid --- p.55
Chapter 5.4.2 --- Quantization Volume --- p.58
Chapter 5.5 --- Scan Order for Quantized 3D-DCT Coefficients --- p.59
Chapter 5.6 --- Finding Parameter Values --- p.60
Chapter 5.7 --- Experimental Results from Using the Proposed Quantization Values --- p.65
Chapter 5.8 --- Summary --- p.66
Chapter Chapter 6 : --- Entropy Coding
Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.69
Chapter 6.1.1 --- Huffman Coding --- p.69
Chapter 6.1.2 --- Arithmetic Coding --- p.71
Chapter 6.2 --- Zero Run-Length Encoding --- p.73
Chapter 6.2.1 --- Variable Length Coding in JPEG --- p.74
Chapter 6.2.1.1 --- Coding of the DC Coefficients --- p.74
Chapter 6.2.1.2 --- Coding of the DC Coefficients --- p.75
Chapter 6.2.2 --- Run-Level Encoding of the Quantized 3D-DCT Coefficients --- p.76
Chapter 6.3 --- Frequency Analysis of the Run-Length Patterns --- p.76
Chapter 6.3.1 --- The Frequency Distributions of the DC Coefficients --- p.77
Chapter 6.3.2 --- The Frequency Distributions of the DC Coefficients --- p.77
Chapter 6.4 --- Huffman Table Design --- p.84
Chapter 6.4.1 --- DC Huffman Table --- p.84
Chapter 6.4.2 --- AC Huffman Table --- p.85
Chapter 6.5 --- Implementation Issue --- p.85
Chapter 6.5.1 --- Get Category --- p.85
Chapter 6.5.2 --- Huffman Encode --- p.86
Chapter 6.5.3 --- Huffman Decode --- p.86
Chapter 6.5.4 --- PutBits --- p.88
Chapter 6.5.5 --- GetBits --- p.90
Chapter Chapter 7 : --- "Contributions, Concluding Remarks and Future Work"
Chapter 7.1 --- Contributions --- p.92
Chapter 7.2 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.93
Chapter 7.2.1 --- The Advantages of 3D DCT codec --- p.94
Chapter 7.2.2 --- Experimental Results --- p.95
Chapter 7.1 --- Future Work --- p.95
Chapter 7.2.1 --- Integer Discrete Cosine Transform Algorithms --- p.95
Chapter 7.2.2 --- Adaptive Quantization Volume --- p.96
Chapter 7.2.3 --- Adaptive Huffman Tables --- p.96
Appendices:
Appendix A : The detailed steps in the simplification of Equation 4.29 --- p.98
Appendix B : The program Listing of the Fast DCT Algorithms --- p.101
Appendix C : Tables to Illustrate the Reording of the Quantized Coefficients --- p.110
Appendix D : Sample Values of the Quantization Volume --- p.111
Appendix E : A 16-bit VLC table for AC Run-Level Pairs --- p.113
References --- p.115