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Journal articles on the topic 'Drug mixture'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Gauvin, David V., and Frank A. Holloway. "The discriminative stimulus properties of an ethanol-nicotine mixture in rats." Journal of Psychopharmacology 7, no. 1_suppl (1993): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026988119300700109.

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Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to discriminate between saline (SAL) and an ethanol-nicotine mixture (0.5 g/kg ethanol plus 0.5 mg/kg nicotine) administered 15 min prior to a 15-min drug discrimination training session under a FR-10 schedule of reinforcement. The mixture dose ratio was adjusted after training to obtain a drug mixture with which both individual drugs contributed about equally to the stimulus control (1.0 g/kg ethanol plus 0.3 mg/kg nicotine). The animals were then retrained for 32 sessions using this new mixture. After training, neither nicotine nor ethanol, when tested singly

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Pieczyńska, Ochoa-Chavez, Wilczewska, Bielicka-Giełdoń, and Siedlecka. "Insights into Mechanisms of Electrochemical Drug Degradation in Their Mixtures in the Split-Flow Reactor." Molecules 24, no. 23 (2019): 4356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24234356.

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The recirculating split-flow batch reactor with a cell divided into anolyte and catholyte compartments for oxidation mixture of cytostatic drugs (CD) was tested. In this study, kinetics and mechanisms of electrochemical oxidization of two mixtures: 5-FU/CP and IF/CP were investigated. The order of the CD degradation rate in single drug solutions and in mixtures was found to be 5-FU < CP < IF. In the 5-FU/CP mixture, kapp of 5-FU increased, while kapp of CP decreased comparing to the single drug solutions. No effect on the degradation rate was found in the CP/IF mixture. The presence of a

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Mariathasan, E. A., I. P. Stolerman, and J. A. W. White. "AND and AND-OR drug mixture discriminations in rats: generalization to single drugs and drug mixtures." Psychopharmacology 143, no. 1 (1999): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050919.

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4

Stawny, M., R. Olijarczyk, E. Jaroszkiewicz, and A. Jelińska. "Pharmaceutical Point of View on Parenteral Nutrition." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/415310.

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Parenteral nutrition—a form of administering nutrients, electrolytes, trace elements, vitamins, and water—is a widely used mode of therapy applied in many diseases, in patients of different ages both at home and in hospital. The success of nutritional therapy depends chiefly on proper determination of the patient’s energetic and electrolytic needs as well as preparation and administration of a safe nutritional mixture. As a parenterally administered drug, it is expected to be microbiologically and physicochemically stable, with all of the components compatible with each other. It is very diffi

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Ahmed, Abdulkareem, Ahmed Nihad, Ghaeeb Sabreen, Yasin Youssef, and Jumaa Azal. "Synergistic Antiproliferative Effect of Linagliptin-Metformin Combination on the Growth of Hela Cancer Cell Line." Journal of Cancer Research Updates 14 (February 18, 2025): 12–23. https://doi.org/10.30683/1929-2279.2025.14.02.

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This in-vitro study explores the cytotoxic properties of the linagliptin-metformin combination on cervical cancer cells and examines the synergistic interaction between the two drugs. An MTT assay was used to explore the anti-cancer effects of the linagliptin-metformin mixture on a cervical cancer cell line (HeLa cell line) across 24 and 72-hour incubation periods. The concentrations of metformin, linagliptin, and their combination ranged from 0.1 to 1000 µg/ml. while the concentrations in the mixture were kept at fifty percentage of the individually used drug. The study included an estimated

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Mishra, Anoop, Vivek Ranjan Sinha, Sumit Sharma, Alen T. Mathew, Rajnish Kumar, and Ashok Kumar Yadav. "Molecular and qualitative characterization of compatibility between valacyclovir hydrochloride and excipients as raw materials for the development of solid oral dosage formulation." American Journal of Biopharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 3 (December 11, 2023): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ajbps_12_2023.

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Objectives: The objective of this present study is to know the compatibility of valacyclovir hydrochloride (VCH) with common excipients that would be utilized to develop solid oral dosage forms. Several spectroscopy techniques were used to know the possible interactions of VCH with excipients. More, a molecular docking study was also carried out to see the interaction of VCH with excipients. In vitro study of a physical mixture of VCH with excipients was executed to know the release of a drug. Material and Methods: Several analytical techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry, nuclea

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Ouhaddouch, H., A. Cheikh, M. O. B. Idrissi, M. Draoui, and M. Bouatia. "FT-IR Spectroscopy Applied for Identification of a Mineral Drug Substance in Drug Products: Application to Bentonite." Journal of Spectroscopy 2019 (March 3, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2960845.

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The aim of this study is to prove the effectiveness of IR spectroscopy as an identification test able to discriminate between mineral compounds in mixtures. This work is concerned with the physical characterisation of purified bentonite, bentonite in organic mixtures and organic excipients, and mineralized organic mixture containing bentonite using FT-IR spectroscopy. The different spectra were compared with each other in order to determine fingerprints of bentonite represented by bands located at 3632 cm−1 and 3437 cm−1. The analysis of the spectra of the nonmineralized mixture demonstrates t

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Mishra, Anoop, Vivek Ranjan Sinha, Sumit Sharma, Alen T. Mathew, Rajnish Kumar, and Ashok Kumar Yadav. "A comprehensive compatibility study of ganciclovir with some common excipients." American Journal of Biopharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 3 (November 20, 2023): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ajbps_4_2023.

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Objectives: The aim of the present study is to illustrate compatibility testing of ganciclovir (GCV) with some common excipients that would be used to manufacture solid oral dosage forms. Different spectroscopy techniques were utilized to see the interaction of GCV with excipients such as lactose, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), magnesium stearate, and talc, and dicalcium phosphate. Further, a molecular docking study was also done to know the interaction of GCV with excipients. In vitro study of a physical mixture of GCV with excipients was performed to get the release of drug. Material and

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Mantas, Athanasios, and Albert Mihranyan. "Dissolution Behavior of Flufenamic Acid in Heated Mixtures with Nanocellulose." Molecules 25, no. 6 (2020): 1277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061277.

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Flufenamic acid (FFA) is a problem drug that has up to eight different polymorphs and shows poor solubility. Variability in bioavailability has been reported in the past resulting in limited use of FFA in the oral solid dosage form. The goal of this article was to investigate the polymorphism and amorphization behavior of FFA in non-heated and heated mixtures with high surface area nanocellulose, i.e., Cladophora cellulose (CLAD). As a benchmark, low surface area microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was used. The solid-state properties of mixtures were characterized with X-ray diffraction, Fourier

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Sonpal, Rakshit N., Pragna Shelat, and Anita Lalwani. "Solubility Enhancement of Hydrochlorothiazide using a Novel Drug-Drug Solid Dispersion Technology." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 8, no. 3 (2015): 2924–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2015.8.3.6.

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Fixed dose combination (FDC) is commonly used in pharmaceuticals to reduce pill burden and optimize the drug therapy. The recent advancements in combinatorial chemistry often lead to drugs with low aqueous solubility. Many FDC’s contain at least one drug with suboptimal physicochemical properties like BCS class II drugs for which its poor aqueous solubility may often be a limiting factor to its bioavailability. Considering the above fact, a novel drug – drug solid dispersion has been developed in present study, wherein a poorly soluble drug hydrochlorothiazide has been solid dispersed in a hyd

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Korobova, O. V., L. K. Samarska, S. L. Humenjuk, et al. "STUDY OF DIAZINONE IN MODEL PREPARATIONS BASED ON METHANOL AND ISOPROPANOL BY HIGHLY EFFICIENCY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (HPLC)." Scientific and Technical Bulletin оf State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medical Products and Fodder Additives аnd Institute of Animal Biology 22, no. 2 (2021): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36359/scivp.2021-22-2.20.

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The aim of the study was to investigate the stability of diazinon in two model mixtures in which the active substance content is 10%. Methyl and isopropyl alcohols were used as a basis for the production of model solutions with diazinon. According to the recipe of model drugs, methyl or isopropyl alcohols make up about half of the content of drug components. The diazinon content was determined by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on 3, 14 and 21 days for the model mixture with methyl alcohol and on 14 and 50 days for the mixture with isopropyl alcohol. A

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Rahman, Md Anisur, Md Abdus Salam, Md Zakir Sultan, Khohinur Hossain, Asma Rahman, and Mohammad A. Rashid. "DSC and HPLC Studies of Some Common Antidiabetic and Antihypertensive Drugs." Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 17, no. 2 (2015): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v17i2.22326.

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Now-a-days, a significant percentage of our population suffers from diabetes, hypertension and various inflammatory conditions. In such cases antihypertensive, antidiabetic and anti inflammatory drugs are prescribed concomitantly. Therefore, there is a possibility to have drug-drug interactions which may cause various complications to the patients or may be beneficial too. So study of drug-drug interaction is very important. To attain this objective, equimolar homogeneous mixture of naproxen, losartan potassium and pioglitazone HCl (mixture-1) and mixture of lercanidipine, captropril, naproxen

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Gosar, Amit, Tabrez Shaikh, and Atharva Sindwani. "Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopic Analysis of Amino Acid Serine for its Chiral Identification." Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance and Quality Control 4, no. 1 (2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jqaqc.2022.v04i01.001.

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Synthesis of chiral drugs required chiral starting materials organic compounds. DL serine is an amino acid that is used as a key starting material in the synthesis of many drug substances. D or L isomer of Serine will lead to the chiral drug substances whereas DL mixture will lead to racemic drug substances. FTIR can be used as the primary analytical tool for the identification of Serine isomers and its racemic mixture. Many absorption bands in FTIR spectra identify whether a molecule is a specific isomer or racemic mixture. A systematic comparison of FTIR spectroscopic data is carried out rev

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Mohamed, Amir Ibrahim, Amal Abd-Elaal El-Khamery, Mohamed Ismail Herry, and Alaa Ibrahim Mohamed. "Compatibility Determination of Drug-Polymer, Drug-Excipient & Drug-Intravenous Admixtures Using Chemometric-assisted UVspectrophotometry." Current Pharmaceutical Analysis 16, no. 2 (2020): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573412914666181011142351.

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Purpose: A new multivariate chemometric approach was developed for fast and economic compatibility determinations of ranitidine hydrochloride (as model drug) with certain pharmaceutical; polymers (Alginate & Chitosan), excipient (Lactose) and intravenous fluids (Dextrose, Ringer & Dextrose/ Ringer). Binary mixtures of the drug and each item were prepared and investigated by chemometric- assisted UV- spectrophotometry as well as by HPLC reference method. Methods: Five drug concentration levels (0.004-0.025mg/ml) of test-mixtures were used and the average drug recovery percent after two

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Jagtap, Rajesh Shankar, Rajendra Doijad, and Shrinivas Mohite. "Enhancement of solubility & dissolution rate of Nifedipine by using Novel Solubilizer sepitrap 80 & Sepitrap 4000." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 5-s (2018): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5-s.2041.

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The enhancement in solubility and dissolution rate of BCS class-II drug Nifedipine was achieved by simple physical mixture with sepitrap 80 & sepitrap 4000 in 1:1 & 1:2 proportion. The saturation solubility studies shows 263 % & 368 % increase in the solubility in physical mixture of Nifedipine with sepitrap 80 & sepitrap 4000 respectively. The physicochemical properties of pure Nifedipine compared to their physical mixtures with sepitrap 80 & sepitrap 4000 were determined using FTIR, DSC & PXRD. The FTIR and DSC studies shows no any interaction in Nifedipine and sepitr

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16

Chaiya, Pornsit, and Thawatchai Phaechamud. "Compatibility between Magnesium Stearate and Pharmaceutical Acidic Active Compounds/Excipients with DSC." Key Engineering Materials 856 (August 2020): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.856.190.

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Compatibility investigation was performed between magnesium stearate and acidic drug compounds (ibuprofen, indomethacin and valproic acid) and acidic pharmaceutical excipients (lactic acid and citric acid) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). DSC study indicated the possible incompatibility for the mixture between magnesium stearate and any compounds. Alteration in DSC thermogram was found in all mixtures. The eutectic phenomenon was found in the powder mixture of magnesium stearate and ibuprofen. In addition, the presence of melting endothermic peak of stearic acid in other powder m

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Baregama, Chetna. "STEREOCHEMISTRY - RACEMIC MODIFICATION, RESOLUTION, AND ITS IMPORTANCE WITH RECENTLY USED OPTICALLY ACTIVE DRUGS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 1 (2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v11i1.23090.

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Stereochemistry involves the study of the relative spatial arrangement of atoms that form the structure of molecules and their manipulation. An important branch of stereochemistry is the study of chiral molecules. Optical activity is the ability of a chiral molecule to rotate the plane of plane-polarized light, measured using a polarimeter. Racemic modification and resolution, both processes are very important in stereochemistry. A mixture of equal parts of enantiomers is called a racemic modification. The process of separating a racemate into pure enantiomers is known as resolution. Recently,

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Baregama, Chetna. "STEREOCHEMISTRY - RACEMIC MODIFICATION, RESOLUTION, AND ITS IMPORTANCE WITH RECENTLY USED OPTICALLY ACTIVE DRUGS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 1 (2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i1.23090.

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Stereochemistry involves the study of the relative spatial arrangement of atoms that form the structure of molecules and their manipulation. An important branch of stereochemistry is the study of chiral molecules. Optical activity is the ability of a chiral molecule to rotate the plane of plane-polarized light, measured using a polarimeter. Racemic modification and resolution, both processes are very important in stereochemistry. A mixture of equal parts of enantiomers is called a racemic modification. The process of separating a racemate into pure enantiomers is known as resolution. Recently,

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Kartashov, S. G., and E. M. Klychev. "Method for preparation of feed drug mixtures with anthelmintics." Russian Journal of Parasitology 12, no. 1 (2018): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2018-12-1-70-75.

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The purpose of the research: to develop an innovative method for simultaneous single-stage preparation of feed drug mixtures and a technological scheme for implementation of this method. Materials and methods. The innovative method of simultaneous single-stage preparation of feed drug mixtures from filling compound (grinded grain forage) containing anthelmintics is developed. Technical means used for implementation of this method include a loading track, robotic discharger, mobile dosage device, robotic depanner, blender and a mixer. The work cycle begins when the robotic depanner is switched

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Mantilla, Barbara, Myrian Vinan Vega, Ximena Solis, John Makram, Haneen Mallah, and Victor Test. "A DANGEROUS DRUG AND HERBAL MIXTURE." Chest 158, no. 4 (2020): A812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.08.756.

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Wardani, Tri Kusuma, Elfa Arianingsih, Arini Syarifah, Alwani Hamad, and Dwi Hartanti. "Crude Drug Standardization, Formula Optimization, and Interaction Effects of a Five-Component Antioxidant Polyherbal Formulation." Jurnal Jamu Indonesia 10, no. 2 (2025): 93–101. https://doi.org/10.29244/jji.v10i2.353.

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A polyherbal formulation was developed from java tea (Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq.), turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), seed-under-leaf (Phyllanthus niruri L.), cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl), and ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). This study aimed to standardize crude drugs, optimize polyherbal formulations, and evaluate the interaction effect of the crude drug mixture. Standardization followed these methods and compared them with the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopeia (IHP) standards. The crude drugs were mixed in 26 different ratios, and each formulation was extracted using the decoctio

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Mendibil, Xabier, Gaizka Tena, Alaine Duque, Nerea Uranga, Miguel Ángel Campanero, and Jesús Alonso. "Direct Powder Extrusion of Paracetamol Loaded Mixtures for 3D Printed Pharmaceutics for Personalized Medicine via Low Temperature Thermal Processing." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 6 (2021): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13060907.

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Three-dimensional printed drug development is nowadays an active area in the pharmaceutical industry, where the search for an appropriate edible carrier that permits the thermal processing of the mixture at temperature levels that are safe for the drug is an important field of study. Here, potato starch and hydroxypropyl cellulose based mixtures loaded with paracetamol up to 50% in weight were processed by hot melt extrusion at 85 °C to test their suitability to be thermally processed. The extruded mixtures were tested by liquid chromatography to analyze their release curves and were thermally

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Ahlawat, Sunita, Vikas Budhwar, and Manjusha Choudhary. "Enhancement of curcumin's physicochemical properties by developing its eutectic mixtures." Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research 12, no. 1 (2024): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.71.81.

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Background: Curcumin is a compound obtained from the rhizomes of Curcuma Longa. It has various pharmacological properties like anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic, etc. However, it also has some limitations that restrict its use as a medicine. Material and method: In the present study, a eutectic mixture of curcumin and glycine (35% and 65%) was prepared to improve its dissolution rate and photostability, characterized by DSC, FTIR, and XRD studies. Result and discussion: After 40 minutes, the eutectic mixture dissolved 10-fold more than the parent drug. The photostability stu

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Abdelhamid, Nessreen Salah, Eglal Abdelhamid Abd El Aleem El Aleem, Aml Mohamed Khorshed, and Mahmoud Mohsen Amin. "Determination of antihypertensive drugs by using ratio difference spectrophotometric method." European Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 1 (2019): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.10.1.12-18.1768.

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An accurate, sensitive and time saving spectrophotometric method has been developed and validated for the determination of two antihypertensive drug mixtures. Mixture 1 contains spironolactone (SPIR), furosemide (FUR) and anthranilic acid (ANTH) (impurity of furosemide) and mixture 2 contains triamterene (TRI), hydrochlorothiazide (HCZ) and chlorothiazide (CZ) (impurity of hydrochlorothiazide). In mixture 1, the determination of drugs depends on dividing the spectrum of ternary mixture by the spectrum of 10 µg/mL of standard furosemide and then spironolactone and anthranilic acid were determin

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Samprasit, Wipada, Praneet Opanasopit, Prasert Akkaramongkolporn, Tanasait Ngawhirunpat, Kaewnapa Wongsermsin, and Suwannee Panomsuk. "Formulation of Dextromethorphan Oral Disintegrating Tablet Using Ion Exchange Resin." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 1384–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.1384.

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The purpose of this research was to mask the bitter taste of dextromethorphan hydrobromide using a cationic ion exchange resin, Amberlite® IRP-69, to formulate oral disintegrating tablets (ODTs). The drug was loaded (resinate) were prepared in drug to resin ratio of 1:1 and 1:2. The resinate or physically mixed with the resin (physical mixture) was incorporated into ODTs by direct compression. The formula was developed to acquire the optimal formulations of taste masked ODTs, hardness and mouth feel and disintegration time. The ODTs were further evaluated for weight, friability, disintegration

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Korobova, O. V., L. K. Samarska, S. L. Humenjuk, M. I. Bereziyk, and M. V. Yurkevych. "INVESTIGATION OF DIAZINON DEGRADATION IN MODEL SOLUTIONS USING HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY." Scientific and Technical Bulletin оf State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medical Products and Fodder Additives аnd Institute of Animal Biology 22, no. 1 (2021): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.36359/scivp.2021-22-1.09.

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Aim of our war was to investigate the degradation of diazinon in the model mixture in comparison with the experimental preparation. Methyl alcohol was used as a basis for the manufacture of diazinon drops and the model mixture. The concentration of diazinon was determined by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography on the third, fourteenth and twenty-first day after preparation of the model mixture and experimental preparation when stored at room temperature. Despite the large number of publications studying the degradation of diazinon under the influence of various factors,

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Choncheewa, Chai Ek, and Thawatchai Phaechamud. "Simultaneous Determination of Hydrochlorothiazide and Propranolol Hydrochloride in Powder Mixture and Matrix Tablet Using First Derivative Ultraviolet Spectrophotoscopy." Advanced Materials Research 581-582 (October 2012): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.581-582.150.

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Normal UV-spectrophotoscopy [D0] cannot determine the combined drug in the formulation due to overlapping of the absorbance of each compound hence the derivative UV-spectrophotoscopy is used to determine the combined drug simultaneously. For determination of both hydrochlorothiazide [HCT] and propranolol hydrochloride [Pro] in powder mixture and matrix tablet, the first order derivative UV-spectrophotoscopy [D1] was employed in this study. This method showed good accuracy and precision for simultaneous determination of both drugs. Recovery was 106.59% and 97.11% for Pro and HCT, respectively.

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Steuer, Christian, Ursina Müller, Fiona Haller, and Peter Wiedemeier. "Filling Gaps on Stability Data: Development, Validation and Application of a Multianalyte UHPLC-DAD Method to Determine the Stability of Commonly Administered Drugs in Different Carrier Solutions Used in Palliative Care." Analytica 1, no. 1 (2020): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/analytica1010005.

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In palliative care, continuous subcutaneous infusion (CSCI) is common practice for drug administration when oral application of drugs is not feasible or not reliable anymore. However, use of CSCI is limited to chemical stability of drugs and their combination in carrier solution. To determine the stability of different mixtures of commonly used drugs in palliative care, a multi-analyte UHPLC-DAD method controlled by an internal standard was successfully developed. The method was validated in terms of specificity, accuracy, precision, and linearity across the calibration range. Seven analytes c

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Delgado, Daniel R., Fleming Martinez, María Ángeles Peña, Abolghasem Jouyban, and William E. Acree. "Effect of Ethanol on the Solubility and Apparent Specific Volume of Sodium Sulfadiazine in Aqueous Mixtures." Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioTech Industry 2, no. 2 (2025): 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpbi2020005.

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The main objective of this research was to correlate the equilibrium solubility of sodium sulfadiazine in several {ethanol (EtOH, 1) + water (2)} mixtures reported in mass/volume and mass/mass percentages at different temperatures. Aqueous solubility of sodium sulfadiazine decreases almost linearly with decreasing temperature, but it decreases non-linearly with the addition of EtOH to water. Logarithmic solubility was adequately correlated with a bivariate model involving temperature and mixture composition. These solubility results were also well correlated with the Jouyban–Acree-based models

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Helmis, Mario, and Mont Kumpugdee-Vollrath. "Polymer Mixtures as Colon Targeted Drug Delivery Systems." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 2131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.2131.

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For the development of colon delivery systems (CDS) formulations have to be gastric resistant. The advantage of the CDS is the ability for a local treatment for colon diseases but also its systemic action. CDS can also increase the bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs e.g. resveratrol, which can be degraded in the upper gastrointestinal tract or by the First-Pass-Effect. In this project the coating technique with different polymer mixtures containing Kollicoat MAE-30DP, Eudragit-NM, Eudragit-L, and Eudragit-NE was investigated. Resveratrol was used as a model drug and all formulations

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Imad T. Hanoon. "Simultaneous Determination for Lansoprazole and Simvastatin drugs via Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 22, no. 8 (2023): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v22i8.858.

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A semi-novel, accurate, sensitive, simple, requiring no prior separation and economical procedures have been developed for the simultaneous analysis of binary mixture of Lansoprazole (Lanso) and Simvastatin (Semva). The first method is the Derivative of ratio spectra, in which the absorption spectrum of one drug as interfering drug were subtracted from the absorption spectrum of the mixture and then the net spectrum derivative, the first derivative (for Lanso) and second derivative (for Semva). Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration ranges of (1-90) and (4-70) μg.ml-1 and the results showe

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Mariathasan, E. A., I. R. Stolerman, and J. A. W. White. "AND AND AND-OR DRUG MIXTURE DISCRIMINATIONS." Behavioural Pharmacology 9, no. 1 (1998): S114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008877-199808000-00264.

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Mariathasan, E. A., I. R. Stolerman, and J. A. W. White. "AND AND AND-OR DRUG MIXTURE DISCRIMINATIONS." Behavioural Pharmacology 9, Supplement (1998): S114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008877-199808001-00264.

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Mariathasan, E. A., I. R. Stolerman, and J. A. W. White. "AND AND AND-OR DRUG MIXTURE DISCRIMINATIONS." Behavioural Pharmacology 9, no. 1 (1998): S114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008877-199812001-00264.

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Garcha, H. S., and I. P. Stolerman. "Discrimination of a drug mixture in rats." Behavioural Pharmacology 1, no. 1 (1989): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008877-198900110-00004.

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Garcha, H. S., and I. P. Stolerman. "Discrimination of a drug mixture in rats." Behavioural Pharmacology 1, no. 1 (1989): 25???32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008877-198923000-00004.

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Wilkins, John. "The Concept of Whole Substance in Galen’s "Simple Medicines"." Studia Ceranea 11 (December 30, 2021): 479–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2084-140x.11.24.

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Galen’s great treatise on drugs, Simple Medicines, begins with 5 theoretical books which explain the mechanisms of drug actions in the following catalogues. The key agent of change is the mixture of the qualities hot, cold, wet and dry. But drugs also have substance, the leaf, root or fruit of plants, the material of animals and minerals. How does substance act on the human body? This is one of the key questions for the theory of drugs, since mixtures had already been explored by Galen in Mixtures. Galen’s exploration of substance brings him to the composition of a drug – in thick or fine part

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Tamatam, Rekha, and Dongyun Shin. "Asymmetric Synthesis of US-FDA Approved Drugs over Five Years (2016–2020): A Recapitulation of Chirality." Pharmaceuticals 16, no. 3 (2023): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16030339.

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Chirality is a major theme in the design, discovery, and development of new drugs. Historically, pharmaceuticals have been synthesized as racemic mixtures. However, the enantiomeric forms of drug molecules have distinct biological properties. One enantiomer may be responsible for the desired therapeutic effect (eutomer), whereas the other may be inactive, interfere with the therapeutic form, or exhibit toxicity (distomer). Classical chemical synthesis usually leads to a racemic mixture unless stereospecific synthesis is employed. To meet the requirements of single-enantiomeric drugs, asymmetri

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Saharan, Vikas, and Pratim Choudhury. "Dissolution rate enhancement of gliclazide by ordered mixing." Acta Pharmaceutica 61, no. 3 (2011): 323–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10007-011-0021-7.

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Dissolution rate enhancement of gliclazide by ordered mixingThe poorly water soluble antidiabetic drug gliclazide was selected to study the effect of excipients on dissolution rate enhancement. Ordered mixtures of micronized gliclazide with lactose, mannitol, sorbitol, maltitol and sodium chloride were prepared by manual shaking of glass vials containing the drug and excipient(s). Different water soluble excipients, addition of surfactant and superdisintegrant, drug concentration and carrier particle size influenced the dissolution rate of the drug. Dissolution rate studies of the prepared ord

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Dietrich, Sabine, Shana Dammel, Florian Ploessl, Franz Bracher, and Christian Laforsch. "Effects of a pharmaceutical mixture at environmentally relevant concentrations on the amphipod Gammarus fossarum." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 2 (2010): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09048.

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The continuous discharge of pharmaceuticals into the environment results in the chronic exposure of aquatic organisms to complex drug mixtures. We examined the influence of a mixture of pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine (CBZ), diclofenac (DIC), metoprolol (MET) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2)) at environmentally relevant (‘env’) and artificially high (‘high’) concentrations on Gammarus fossarum. Different sublethal responses such as moulting, reproduction and the content of the energy-storage component glycogen were analysed. The drug mixture influenced the moulting behaviour of gammarids at both

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T. C. da Silva, Dayanne, Daniela Nadvorny, Lucas J. de A. Danda, et al. "Enhanced Dissolution Efficiency of Tamoxifen Combined with Methacrylate Copolymers in Amorphous Solid Dispersions." Crystals 10, no. 11 (2020): 1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10111046.

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Amorphous solid dispersions (SDs) containing poorly soluble tamoxifen dispersed in a meth(acrylate) copolymer combination were proposed as a controlled release system. The objective of this work was to investigate the characteristics and performance of the tamoxifen–polymer mixture and evaluate the changes in functionality through a supersaturating dissolution study condition while comparing it to a physical mixture at a fixed drug-loading proportion. Two polymers, Eudragit® L 100 and Eudragit® RL 100, were used to prepare SDs with a 1:1 polymer ratio, containing 10%, 20%, or 30% (wt/wt%) of t

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Buechler, K. F., S. Moi, B. Noar, et al. "Simultaneous Detection of Seven Drugs of Abuse by the TriageTM Panel for Drugs of Abuse." Clinical Chemistry 38, no. 9 (1992): 1678–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/38.9.1678.

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Abstract This novel, competitive immunoassay simultaneously detects seven drugs of abuse in urine. A urine sample is placed in contact with lyophilized reagents, the reaction mixture is allowed to come to equilibrium (10 min), and then the whole mixture is applied to a solid phase that contains various immobilized antibodies in discrete drug-class-specific zones. After a washing step, the operator visually examines each zone for the presence of a red bar. The method incorporates present threshold concentrations that are independent for each drug. In the absence of drug or in the presence of dr

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Kruk, Katarzyna, and Katarzyna Winnicka. "Hard Gelatin Capsules with Alginate-Hypromellose Microparticles as a Multicompartment Drug Delivery System for Sustained Posaconazole Release." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 13 (2024): 7116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137116.

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Microparticles as a multicompartment drug delivery system are beneficial for poorly soluble drugs. Mucoadhesive polymers applied in microparticle technology prolong the contact of the drug with the mucosa surface enhancing drug bioavailability and extending drug activity. Sodium alginate (ALG) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (hypromellose, HPMC) are polymers of a natural or semi-synthetic origin, respectively. They are characterized by mucoadhesive properties and are applied in microparticle technology. Spray drying is a technology employed in microparticle preparation, consisting of the ato

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Pandey, Anuja, Bhabagrahi Rath, and Anil Kumar Dwivedi. "Dissolution rate and bioavailability enhancement of co-ground mixtures of paliperidone, with different hydrophilic carriers." International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2, no. 3 (2013): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i3.13632.

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Co-ground mixtures of poorly water soluble drug Paliperidone (PAL) with different hydrophilic carriers [Polyvinylpyrrolidine (Plasdone K-25 and Plasdone S-630), Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), Hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) and Sodium alginate were prepared to improve the dissolution rate of PAL. Co-grinding with PVP, especially with PVP- S630 (Vinyl pyrrolidone/ vinyl acetate co-polymer), was more effective in reduction of particle size than milling of drug alone. DSC studies indicated that crystalline nature of drug was reduced after co-grinding with PVP grades as compared to their corr

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Ojeda, Isabel Muñoz, Marina Sánchez-Cuervo, Ángel Candela-Toha, Dolores R. Serrano-López, Teresa Bermejo-Vicedo, and Juan Miguel Alcaide-López-de-Lerma. "Protocolization of Analgesia and Sedation Through Smart Technology in Intensive Care: Improving Patient Safety." Critical Care Nurse 43, no. 4 (2023): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ccn2023271.

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Background The risk of medication errors in intensive care units is high, primarily in the drug administration phase. Local Problem Management of high-alert medications within intensive care units in the study institution varied widely. The aim of this quality improvement project was to protocolize and centralize the management of high-alert medications in acute care settings and to implement smart intravenous infusion pump technology in intensive care units. Methods The project was conducted in 4 phases: (1) protocolization and standardization of intravenous mixtures, (2) centralization of in

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Hasson, Kahtan J., and Hazim H. Hamdu. "Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol ,Chlorpheniramine Maleate and Ascorbic Acid in Tablet Dosage Form by HPLC." Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 1 (2012): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v11i1.225.

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The mixture of paracetamol, chlorpheniramine maleate and ascorbic acid is widely used in medicine as anti flu remedy .Pharmaceutically ,this mixture isprepared as a tablet by different manufacturers and it has good reputation in the market .However, this drug mixture is still non-official in pharmacopoiea, butthe USP has described a non specific method of HPLC for the mixture of paracetamol with antihistamine and other antitussive drugs . Application of the USP- HPLC method was found unreliable for the analysis of tablet containing this drug mixture of three components, since different c

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Hari, Kuralla, Saripilli Rajeswari, and Kolapalli Venkata Ramana Murthy. "PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF DROTAVERINE HCL ORAL DISINTEGRATING TABLETS USING SOLID MIXTURE TECHNIQUE." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 6 (2018): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i6.24867.

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Objective: The objective of this study is to formulate orally disintegrating taste masked tablets of drotaverine HCl using solid mixture technique.Methods: Taste masked drug-polymer solid mixtures of drotaverine HCl were prepared by using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 3 cps and rxcipient® FM1000/calcium silicate (rxcipient) as carriers employing kneading method using varying drug-polymer ratios of 1:1, 1:5, 1:7.5, and 1:9. Prepared drug-polymer mixtures evaluated for taste masking, and the ratio of drug-polymer is optimized. The granules and tablets prepared with optimized drug-polymer

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Ghaderi, Faranak, Mahboob Nemati, Mohammad Reza siahi-shadbad, Hadi valizadeh, and Farnaz Monajjemzadeh. "Evaluation the Effect of Amine Type on the Non-isothermally Derived Activation Energy for the Interaction of 3 Antidepressant Drugs with Lactose." Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin 9, no. 2 (2019): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/apb.2019.033.

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Purpose: Evaluation of drug-excipients compatibility is an important stage during preformulation studies. In the present research, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at different heating rates (2.5, 10, 15°C/min) was applied for the kinetic evaluation of fluvoxamine (FLM), sertraline (SER) and doxepin (DOX) binary mixtures with lactose. Methods: Solid state kinetic parameters of the mixtures were calculated using two different thermal methods including ASTM E698 and Starink and the effect of amine type (pKa value) was investigated based on the calculated activation energies. Results: Base

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Jednačak, Tomislav, Aden Hodzic, Otto Scheibelhofer, Marijan Marijan, Johannes G. Khinast, and Predrag Novak. "Fast real-time monitoring of entacapone crystallization and characterization of polymorphs via Raman spectroscopy, statistics and SWAXS." Acta Pharmaceutica 64, no. 1 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acph-2014-0009.

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Abstract Crystallization of the drug entacapone from binary solvent mixtures was monitored in situ using a Raman optical probe. The recorded Raman spectra and statistical analysis, which included the principal components method and indirect hard modeling made it possible to estimate the starting point of crystallization, to assess crystallization temperatures and to provide information on the polymorphic content of the mixture. It was established that crystallization temperatures were proportional to the volume content of the solvent in mixtures. The samples were also evaluated off-line via Ra

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D’Abbrunzo, Ilenia, Elisabetta Venier, Francesca Selmin, et al. "Stability of Ternary Drug–Drug–Drug Coamorphous Systems Obtained Through Mechanochemistry." Pharmaceutics 17, no. 1 (2025): 92. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17010092.

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Background/Objectives: This study investigates the preparation of coamorphous systems composed entirely of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), namely praziquantel, niclosamide, and mebendazole. The objective was to formulate and characterize binary and ternary coamorphous systems to evaluate their structural, thermal, and stability properties. Methods: Ten different mixtures (binary and ternary) were designed through a mixture design approach and prepared using a sustainable, one-step neat grinding process in a lab-scale vibrational mill. The systems were prepared reproducibly within 4 h

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