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Valencia, Caicedo Felipe. "Three essays in long-term economic persistence." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/297566.
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This dissertation investigates economic persistence in the Americas. The first chapter
shows the positive long-term economic impact of the Guarani Jesuit Missions in
South America. I find that municipalities in Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil with former
missionary presence have higher educational and income levels today. Such enduring
differences are consistent with cultural transmission mechanisms. The second chapter
establishes the within country persistence of economic activity in the New World over
the last half millennium. In particular, we show that high pre-colonial density areas
tend to be denser today. Furthermore, we document that these historically prosperous
areas also tend to have higher incomes today, largely due to agglomeration effects. The
third and final chapter argues that differences in innovative capacity, captured by the
density of engineers at the dawn of the Second Industrial Revolution, are important to
explaining present income differences between Latin and North America, and within
the United StatesEsta disertación trata sobre persistencia económica en las Américas. El primer capítulo muestra el impacto positivo a largo plazo de las Misiones Jesuitas Guaraníes en Suramérica. Encuentra que las municipalidades en Argentina, Paraguay y Brasil que tuvieron presencia misionera tienen hoy mayores niveles de educación e ingreso. Estas diferencias son consistentes con mecanismos de transmisión cultural. El segundo capítulo establece la persistencia de la actividad económica en el Nuevo Mundo durante los últimos 500 años. Específicamente, demuestra que las áreas con mayor densidad de población pre-colonial son más densamente pobladas ahora. Además muestra que estas áreas históricamente prósperas también tienen mayores ingresos hoy, debido a efectos de aglomeración. El tercer y último capítulo argumenta que las diferencias en capacidad de innovación, medidas utilizando la densidad de ingenieros durante la Segunda Revolución Industrial, son importantes para explicar las diferencias de ingreso entre Latinoamérica y Norteamérica, así como dentro de los Estados Unidos.
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Tribaldos, Soriano Rosa. "Las mujeres guaraníes de los Treinta Pueblos Misioneros de la Compañía de Jesús (siglos XVII-XVIII)." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/73371.
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Perusset, Macarena. "Thinking indigenous agency: contexts, actors and changing processes between guarani Indians (XVIIth. C.)." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/80648.
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En el espacio multiétnico y pluricultural del Paraguay colonial, cobraron un papel relevante ciertos individuos que actuaron como intermediarios entre las distintas tradiciones culturales y los intereses de los diferentes actores en juego. En el contexto de las reducciones, donde se generaron disputas por las presiones suscitadas a causa de las obligaciones y demandas coloniales, diversos actores apelaron a estrategias de acción en defensa de los indígenas, así como en beneficio propio. Entre estos se encontraban los líderes guaraníes, quienes por la posición que ocuparon, desempeñaron el papel no solo de puentes culturales sino también el de agentes políticos y económicos. Estos sujetos, por sus prácticas cotidianas, contribuyeron a conectar elementos de universos diferentes, desdibujando así la rigidez de los límites que el Estado colonial intentaba aplicar en algunos casos entre grupos de diverso origen socioétnico.At the multiethnic and multicultural colonial Paraguay’s space, some people played a central role as intermediaries between different cultural traditions. Within this context, in the reducciones de indios emerged a new kind of actors who displayed a diversity of strategies in order to preserve indigenous welfare as self-profit. These were the guaraní leaders, a kind of cultural bridges as well as political and economic agents because of the daily practices they play in thecolonial society.
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Quarlery, Lía. "Comunalización jesuita y desintegración reduccional. Políticas alternativas de colonización en la frontera luso-española." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/121944.
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The present work, through a broad historical survey and an analysis of laws on mission administration during the period of domination by the Society of Jesus (1620-1767) and the post-Jesuit period (1768-1801) in the territory occupied by the Guaraní, analyzes the characteristics of two models of organization and administration for the Guaraní population: Jesuit communalism and Bourbon assimilation. Specifically, we reconstruct the ideological bases, the contextual factors and the political objectives inscribed in each model, as well as contrasting them via specific oppositional frames: purity and mestizaje, community and individual, spatial subjection and mobility, and segregation and assimilation.En el presente trabajo, por medio de un recorrido histórico amplio y del análisis de ordenanzas sobre la administración misional emitidas en el periodo de dominio de la Compañía de Jesús (1620-1767) y en el posjesuita (1768-1801) en el territorio ocupado por los guaraníes, se analizan las características de dos modelos de organización y administración de dicha población: el de comunalización jesuita y el de asimilación borbónica. Específicamente, se reconstruyen las bases ideológicas, los factores contextuales y los objetivos políticos inscritos en ambos modelos, como también se contrasta a estos últimos a partir de ciertos cuadros de oposiciones: pureza y mestizaje, comunidad e individuo, sujeción espacial y movilidad, y segregación y asimilación.
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Morell, i. Torra Pere. "“Pronto aquí vamos a mandar nosotros”. Autonomía Guaraní Charagua Iyambae, la construcción de un proyecto político indígena en la Bolivia plurinacional." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666283.
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Apenas un año después de la entrada en vigor de la Constitución que “refundó” la República de Bolivia en un Estado Plurinacional (febrero 2009), once municipios rurales de mayoría indígena se embarcaban en inéditos procesos de construcción de sistemas de auto-gobierno indígena siguiendo el nuevo marco constitucional. Se empezaba a dibujar así una nueva institucionalidad diseñada por actores locales, articulada a través de la noción de “autonomía indígena”, que utiliza el lenguaje de la indigeneidad y diversos de los repertorios jurídicos y conceptuales en circulación en la Bolivia plurinacional.
La presente tesis plantea una etnografía de uno de estos procesos de construcción autonómica: la Autonomía Guaraní Charagua Iyambae (Departamento de Santa Cruz), la primera autonomía indígena en lograr su plena incorporación en la estructura territorial, legal e institucional del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. Nuestro recorrido se ubica antes de que produjera su plena institucionalización y reconocimiento oficial: cuando la autonomía era un proyecto de cambio político en construcción, contingente y en pugna: un proyecto político indígena que se afirma desde lo guaraní y sitúa en el centro la cuestión del poder político: su ejercicio, concepción y distribución.
Lejos de una aproximación que reduzca la “autonomía indígena” a sus expresiones institucionales o a la serie de procedimientos legales necesarios para obtener ese estatus, esta tesis indaga en su potencial político, tratando de entender qué tipo de prácticas y aspiraciones se expresan a través de la noción de autonomía indígena y cómo se articulan en un contexto como el de Charagua y la región del Chaco: heterogéneos y profundamente desiguales.
En esta tesis veremos cómo las luchas y proyectos políticos indígenas por la autodeterminación, el reconocimiento cultural y la redistribución socioeconómica conviven en tensión con luchas por la hegemonía y profundas aspiraciones de inclusión y acceso al estado, intensificadas en el contexto de la Bolivia plurinacional. Dada su vacuidad y polisemia, conceptos como “autonomía” no solo sirven para generar espacios de resistencia y auto-organización colectiva frente al estado, el desarrollo capitalista o la “modernidad” occidental hegemónica, sino también para fortalecer los vínculos con el estado, así como para acceder (y distribuir) lo que se concibe como los beneficios del desarrollo y la modernidad.Just one year after the entry into force of the Constitution that "re-founded" the Republic of Bolivia in a Plurinational State (February 2009), eleven rural municipalities with an indigenous majority embarked on unprecedented processes of construction of indigenous self-government systems drawing on the new constitutional framework. Thus, a new institutionality designed by local actors came into existence: an institutionality articulated through the notion of "indigenous autonomy" and the language of indigeneity that uses some of the legal and conceptual terms of the plurinational Bolivia. This thesis proposes an ethnographic analysis of one of these indigenous processes towards autonomy: the Charagua Iyambae Guarani Autonomy [Autonomía Guaraní Charagua Iyambae] (Department of Santa Cruz), the first indigenous autonomy to achieve official recognition by the Plurinational State of Bolivia. My analysis focuses on the early stages of the institutionalization and legal recognition of Charagua Iyambae Guarani Autonomy, when indigenous autonomy was a project under construction, contingent and conflictive: an indigenous political project which claims the Guarani identity and places at the heart the issue of political power –its exercise, conception and distribution. Rather than an approach that reduces "indigenous autonomy" only to its institutional expressions or the legal procedures to obtain that status, this research delves into its political potential. Our goal is to try to understand what kind of practices and aspirations are expressed through the notion of indigenous autonomy, and how they are articulated in a particular context, namely Charagua and the Chaco region: heterogeneous and profoundly unequal. Throughout this dissertation we will see how the indigenous political struggles for self-determination, cultural recognition and socio-economic redistribution coexist in tension with deep aspirations for inclusion, access to power and nearness to state, intensified in the context of plurinational Bolivia. Given its emptiness and polysemy, concepts such as "autonomy" not only serve to generate spaces of resistance and collective self-organization against the state, capitalist development or hegemonic western modernity, but also to strengthen ties with the state, as well as to access (and distribute) what is conceived as the benefits of development and modernity.
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Cebolla, Badie Marilyn. "Cosmología y naturaleza mbya-guaraní." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/110413.
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El presente trabajo constituye una etnografía acerca de la relación naturaleza-cultura entre los mbya, grupo étnico cuya lengua pertenece a la familia tupí-guaraní y habita en el ambiente de selva paranaense o mata atlántica brasileña en la provincia de Misiones, Argentina, aunque sus territorios tradicionales comprenden también los departamentos orientales de Paraguay y el sudeste de Brasil hasta el océano Atlántico.
Otras investigaciones que realicé con anterioridad ya habían demostrado que las clasificaciones de la fauna están fuertemente entrelazadas con lo religioso, su sistema ornitológico por ejemplo y el conocimiento sobre las abejas nativas y sus mieles se encuentran inmersos en el universo mítico de la etnia.
Esta etnografía está centrada en los mamíferos debido a la importancia que tienen en la cultura mbya como presas de caza y alimento. Y a través de sus mitos de origen, la relación con las entidades nombradas como dueños de lugares y animales, las restricciones y el consumo en las distintas etapas de la vida, intentar entender la interacción naturaleza-cultura en lo que podríamos denominar su ecocosmología.
Para comprender esta sociedad mayor de los mbya las dicotomías analíticas cartesianas con la oposición clásica entre naturaleza y cultura se vuelven inviables. Aquí la naturaleza no es un ámbito definido por la animalidad en contraste con la cultura como dominio de la humanidad.
Los patrones de pensamiento occidentales impiden entender cabalmente el universo de relaciones sociales que en los pueblos indígenas suele abarcar ámbitos que van más allá de la simple sociedad humana.
Entre los mbya prácticamente todo lo que está asociado a la naturaleza tiene como las personas, alma, y en consecuencia, pueden afectar positiva o negativamente a las acciones de la humanidad. Poseen una visión humanizada del cosmos y la relación entre las distintas especies, los espíritus y los seres humanos es constantemente actualizada a través de los mitos, los rituales y las prácticas de la vida cotidiana.
A través de los relatos mitológicos se adquieren los conocimientos sobre las características sociales y etnobiológicas de los exponentes de la flora y la fauna y también de las alteridades extrahumanas que pueblan la naturaleza.
En la cosmología mbya existe un continuo fondo de humanidad, las narraciones hacen siempre referencia a los orígenes, la vida en la primera tierra destruida luego por los dioses y las metamorfosis sufridas por los humanos convertidos en especies animales.
En la tesis indago acerca de las prácticas rituales y las restricciones alimentarias en las distintas etapas de la vida, centrándome en el embarazo, el posparto y la couvade. Realizo también una breve descripción de los ritos de iniciación de niñas y varones, la construcción del cuerpo y la relación con las alteridades extrahumanas en estos periodos del ciclo vital.
Siempre teniendo como trasfondo los cambios que se sucedieron en las últimas décadas a causa de la desaparición de la selva y el contacto permanente con la sociedad nacional.The present work constitutes an ethnography about the nature-culture relationship among the Mbya ethnic group, whose language belongs to the Tupi-Guarani family. The group I researched on lives in the environment of the Paranaense forest in the province of Misiones, Argentina, although their traditional territories also include Eastern Paraguay and the South-East of Brazil up to the Atlantic Ocean. My previous researches have already demonstrated that the classification of the fauna is strongly imbued in their religion. For instance, their ornithological system and the knowledge of the native stingless bees and wild honeys are immersed in the mythical universe of the group. This ethnography focuses on the mammals due to the importance they have in the Mbya culture as preys and food. To understand these relationships, the analytical Cartesian dichotomy -with the classic opposition between nature and culture- does not work. With the Mbya, nature is not an area defined by the animality in contrast with the culture as domain of the humanity. The Mbya possess a humanized vision of the cosmos, and the relationship established between the different species, the spirits and the human beings is constantly updated and re across the myths, rituals and everyday practices. In this PhD Thesis I investigate the ritual practices and the food restrictions in the different stages of life, focusing on pregnancy, post-partum and couvade. I have also undertaken a description of the initiation rituals of girls and boys, the social construction of the body and the relation with the extrahuman alterities in these periods of the vital cycle. In so doing, I have always considered the changes that have taken place over the last decades and greatly affected the Mbya: the disappearance of the forest and the permanent contact with the national society.
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Miguel, Luiz Felipe Hadlich. "As garantias dadas ao particular nas parcerias público-privadas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2134/tde-20062013-133627/.
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O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar ao leitor as diversas formas de garantia que poderão ser oferecidas ao particular, pelo Estado, como forma de atraí-lo à contratação de parcerias público-privadas, instituídas em âmbito federal pela lei nº. 11.079, de 30 de dezembro de 2004. A escassez de recursos públicos, culminando com a incapacidade estatal de investir em áreas de sua responsabilidade, fez com que se buscassem novas formas de interação entre os setores público e privado. Contudo, o histórico de mau pagador da Administração Pública brasileira implicou na necessidade de oferecimento de garantias àqueles que irão contratar com o poder público, sem as quais talvez poucos ousassem investir seu capital em atividades nem sempre certamente rentáveis. A proposta é analisar as diversas modalidades de garantias, apontando suas fragilidades e seus aspectos favoráveis, sempre no intuito de mostrá-las viáveis e eficientes. Por fim, algumas sugestões de novas espécies serão apresentadas, aumentando a gama de opções que o administrador terá ao seu alcance quando pretender levar a efeito uma contratação desta natureza.The present work aims at presenting the reader a wide range of guarantees which can be offered to private companies by the State, so as to attract them to contracting public-private partnerships, instituted in federal extent under law number 11.079, dated December 30, 2004. The shortage in public resources, culminating with the incapacity of the State to invest in sectors of its own responsibility, has brought about the pursuit of new ways of interaction between the public and private sectors. Notwithstanding, the fact that Brazilian Public Administration has a history of being a bad payer has implied the need for guarantees to those who will hire the Public Power, taking into consideration that perhaps only a few people will be willing to invest their funds in doubtfully profitable activities. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the various forms of guarantees, pointing out weaknesses and favorable aspects, always targeting on turning them viable and efficient. At last, some other new suggestions will be introduced, enhancing the range of options the administrator may have at reach whenever one intends to put into practice such kind of hiring.
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Tefft, Barbara J. "No guarantees /." Online version of thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10949.
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Uzelac, Filip [Verfasser]. "Four Essays in Equity-Linked Life and Pension Insurance : Financial Analysis of Surrender Guarantees, Pension Guarantee Funds and Pension Retirement Plans [[Elektronische Ressource]] / Filip Uzelac." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1060098911/34.
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Handke, Dagmar. "Graphs with distance guarantees /." [S.l. : s.n.], 1999. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB8282292.
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Bertrams, Roeland I. V. F. "Bank guarantees in international trade /." Amsterdam : Nibe [u.a.], 1993. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/277508355.pdf.
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Kuperman, Gregory. "Network protection with service guarantees." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82471.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2013.This electronic version was submitted and approved by the author's academic department as part of an electronic thesis pilot project. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from department-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 167-174).
With the increasing importance of communication networks comes an increasing need to protect against network failures. Traditional network protection has been an "all-or-nothing" approach: after any failure, all network traffic is restored. Due to the cost of providing this full protection, many network operators opt to not provide protection whatsoever. This is especially true in wireless networks, where reserving scarce resources for protection is often too costly. Furthermore, network protection often does not come with guarantees on recovery time, which becomes increasingly important with the widespread use of real-time applications that cannot tolerate long disruptions. This thesis investigates providing protection for mesh networks under a variety of service guarantees, offering significant resource savings over traditional protection schemes. First, we develop a network protection scheme that guarantees a quantifiable minimum grade of service upon a failure within the network. Our scheme guarantees that a fraction q of each demand remains after any single-link failure, at a fraction of the resources required for full protection. We develop both a linear program and algorithms to find the minimum-cost capacity allocation to meet both demand and protection requirements. Subsequently, we develop a novel network protection scheme that provides guarantees on both the fraction of time a flow has full connectivity, as well as a quantifiable minimum grade of service during downtimes. In particular, a flow can be below the full demand for at most a maximum fraction of time; then, it must still support at least a fraction q of the full demand. This is in contrast to current protection schemes that offer either availability-guarantees with no bandwidth guarantees during the down-time, or full protection schemes that offer 100% availability after a single link failure. We show that the multiple availability guaranteed problem is NP-Hard, and develop solutions using both a mixed integer linear program and heuristic algorithms. Next, we consider the problem of providing resource-efficient network protection that guarantees the maximum amount of time that flow can be interrupted after a failure. This is in contrast to schemes that offer no recovery time guarantees, such as IP rerouting, or the prevalent local recovery scheme of Fast ReRoute, which often over-provisions resources to meet recovery time constraints. To meet these recovery time guarantees, we provide a novel and flexible solution by partitioning the network into failure-independent "recovery domains", where within each domain, the maximum amount of time to recover from a failure is guaranteed. Finally, we study the problem of providing protection against failures in wireless networks subject to interference constraints. Typically, protection in wired networks is provided through the provisioning of backup paths. This approach has not been previously considered in the wireless setting due to the prohibitive cost of backup capacity. However, we show that in the presence of interference, protection can often be provided with no loss in throughput. This is due to the fact that after a failure, links that previously interfered with the failed link can be activated, thus leading to a "recapturing" of some of the lost capacity. We provide both an ILP formulation for the optimal solution, as well as algorithms that perform close to optimal.
by Gregory Kuperman.
Ph.D.
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Baumann, Manuela. "Swiss Pension Funds - Interest Guarantee." St. Gallen, 2005. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/01648484002/$FILE/01648484002.pdf.
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Kratz, Gutstav. "Risk Modelling in Payment Guarantees." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-229418.
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The Swedish Export Credit Agency (EKN) issues payment guarantees to Swedish companies who face the risk of non-payments in export transactions. Commitments are typically correlated, as defaults of companies are driven by other factors than factors specific to that company, such as the economic cycle or the regional conditions. In deciding upon how much capital to be reserved to remain solvent even in an unlikely scenario, this has to be accounted for in order to not underestimate financial risks.By studying models for credit risk and the research available in the area, the popular CreditRisk+ has been chosen as a suitable model for EKN to use in risk assessments. The model together with a few customizations are described in detail and tested on data from EKN.Exportkreditnämnden (EKN) utfärdar betalningsgarantier till svenska exportörer som riskerar inställda betalningar. Fallissemang hos olika motparter är typiskt korrelerade. Vid bedömning av risken i portföljen av garantier måste detta tas i beaktning, för att inte underskatta risken väsentligt. Genom att studera befintliga kreditriskmodeller och tillgänglig forskning inom området har en modell föreslagits som kan användas i EKN:s riskbedömningar. Modellen beskrivs i detalj och testas på data från EKN.
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Cadena, Jose Eduardo. "Finding Interesting Subgraphs with Guarantees." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81960.
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Networks are a mathematical abstraction of the interactions between a set of entities, with extensive applications in social science, epidemiology, bioinformatics, and cybersecurity, among others. There are many fundamental problems when analyzing network data, such as anomaly detection, dense subgraph mining, motif finding, information diffusion, and epidemic spread. A common underlying task in all these problems is finding an "interesting subgraph"; that is, finding a part of the graph---usually small relative to the whole---that optimizes a score function and has some property of interest, such as connectivity or a minimum density.
Finding subgraphs that satisfy common constraints of interest, such as the ones above, is computationally hard in general, and state-of-the-art algorithms for many problems in network analysis are heuristic in nature. These methods are fast and usually easy to implement. However, they come with no theoretical guarantees on the quality of the solution, which makes it difficult to assess how the discovered subgraphs compare to an optimal solution, which in turn affects the data mining task at hand. For instance, in anomaly detection, solutions with low anomaly score lead to sub-optimal detection power. On the other end of the spectrum, there have been significant advances on approximation algorithms for these challenging graph problems in the theoretical computer science community. However, these algorithms tend to be slow, difficult to implement, and they do not scale to the large datasets that are common nowadays.
The goal of this dissertation is developing scalable algorithms with theoretical guarantees for various network analysis problems, where the underlying task is to find subgraphs with constraints. We find interesting subgraphs with guarantees by adapting techniques from parameterized complexity, convex optimization, and submodularity optimization. These techniques are well-known in the algorithm design literature, but they lead to slow and impractical algorithms. One unifying theme in the problems that we study is that our methods are scalable without sacrificing the theoretical guarantees of these algorithm design techniques. We accomplish this combination of scalability and rigorous bounds by exploiting properties of the problems we are trying to optimize, decomposing or compressing the input graph to a manageable size, and parallelization.
We consider problems on network analysis for both static and dynamic network models. And we illustrate the power of our methods in applications, such as public health, sensor data analysis, and event detection using social media data.Ph. D.
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Memari, Pooran. "Geometric tomography with topological guarantees." Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE4053.
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Le sujet de cette thèse porte sur la reconstruction de formes `a partir de coupes planaires. Dans de nombreux domaines d’application, il est nécessaire de reconstruire des formes à partir de sections. L’importance du sujet en imagerie médicale a conduit, depuis les années 1990, à des résultats importants qui sont cependant pour la plupart limités au cas de sections parallèles. Pourtant en échographie, les données obtenues au moyen d’une sonde guidée manuellement, forment une série d’images représentant des coupes de l’organe par des plans non parallèles. Cette application directe motivait le sujet de ma thèse. Dans cette thèse nous considérons le problème de la reconstruction d’une 3-variété `a bord plongée dans R3, à partir de ses intersections avec un ensemble de plans en positions arbitraires, appelées coupes. C’est pour la première fois que ce problème est étudié en toute généralité, dans le but de fournir des garanties théoriques satisfaisantes sur le résultat de la reconstruction. Aucune garantie théorique n’a été obtenue même pour le cas de coupes parallèles avant cette thèse. Dans le premier chapitre de ce manuscrit, nous étudions la méthode de reconstruction proposée par Liu et al. En 2008. Nous prouvons que si certaines conditions d’échantillonnage sont vérifiées, cette méthode permet de reconstruire la topologie de l’objet `a partir des coupes données. Nous prouvons également que l’objet reconstruit est homéomorphe (et isotope) à l’objet. Le deuxième chapitre présente une nouvelle méthode de reconstruction en utilisant le diagramme de Voronoi des sections. Cette méthode permet d’établir plus de connections entre les sections par rapport `a la première méthode. Favoriser les connections entre les sections est motivé par la reconstruction d’objets fins `a partir de sections peu denses. Nous présentons des conditions d’échantillonnage qui sont adaptées aux objets fins et qui permettent de prouver l’équivalence homotopique entre l’objet reconstruit et l’objet de départ. En effet, nous prouvons que si les plans de coupe sont suffisamment transversales `a l’objet, notre méthode de reconstruction est topologiquement valide et peut traiter des topologies complexes des sections avec plusieurs branchements. Dans le dernier chapitre de ce manuscrit, nous présentons une autre méthode de reconstruction qui permet d’établir encore plus de connections entre les sections en comparant avec les deux premières méthodes. Notre méthode est basée sur la triangulation de Delaunay et suit une approche duale en considérant le diagramme de Voronoi des sections. L’algorithme correspondant a été implémenté en C++, en utilisant la bibliothèque CGAL. Les résultats de la reconstruction obtenus par cet algorithme sont très satisfaisants pour les topologies complexes des sections. En se basant sur les études que nous avons développées durant cette thèse, nous espérons pouvoir fournir un fondement solide pour le processus d’acquisition et de reconstruction des données échographiques afin d’avoir un logiciel fiable pour les diagnosticsThe purpose of this doctoral thesis is to provide a method to reconstruct three dimensional shapes from cross-sections. The principal motivation is 3D reconstruction of organs that is widely considered to be an important diagnostic aid in the medical world. However, the actual simulation results, namely in 3D ultrasonic simulation, are not reliable to be used in diagnosis. This thesis is the first geometric analysis of the reliability and the validity of reconstruction methods from cross-sectional data. Even in the case of parallel sections, no formal analysis and guarantees had been obtained before this thesis. More formally, we consider the problem of reconstructing a compact 3-manifold (with boundary) embedded in R3 from its cross-sections with a given set of cutting planes having arbitrary orientations. The first Chapter of this manuscript is devoted to analyzing a method presented by Liu et al. In 2008. We prove that under appropriate sampling conditions, the resulting reconstructed object is homeomorphic (and isotopic) to the original object. In the second chapter, we present a second reconstruction method that makes use of the Voronoi diagram of the sections. This method performs more connections between the sections comparing to the first method. Increasing the connectivity between the sections is motivated by reconstructing tree-like structures from sparse sectional data. The provided sampling conditions, leading to topological guarantees, are adapted to tree-like structures: Indeed, we show that if the cutting planes are sufficiently transversal to the surface we want to reconstruct, then the method can handle complex branching structures. Finally, in the third chapter, we show how the Voronoi-Delaunay duality allows us to perform still more connections between the sections comparing to the two first methods. The preliminary experimental results are quite promising, e. G. , regarding the practicality of the approach to reconstruct complex cross-sectional branching situations such as the coronary arterial tree. The hope is that the theoretical studies provided in this thesis will be a first step to provide solid foundations and theoretical guarantees for medical diagnostic software
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Leighton, Glenn Robert. "Guarantee based finance for export credits." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320815.
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Sun, Liwen, and 孙理文. "Mining uncertain data with probabilistic guarantees." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45705392.
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Ren, Shaolei. "Cooperative wireless networks with QoS guarantees /." View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ECED%202008%20REN.
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Blumers, Teresa. "La contabilidad en las Reducciones guaraníes /." Asunción : Centro de estudios antropológicos, Universidad católica, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35599153t.
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Bellet, Aurélien. "Supervised metric learning with generalization guarantees." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770627.
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In recent years, the crucial importance of metrics in machine learningalgorithms has led to an increasing interest in optimizing distanceand similarity functions using knowledge from training data to make them suitable for the problem at hand.This area of research is known as metric learning. Existing methods typically aim at optimizing the parameters of a given metric with respect to some local constraints over the training sample. The learned metrics are generally used in nearest-neighbor and clustering algorithms.When data consist of feature vectors, a large body of work has focused on learning a Mahalanobis distance, which is parameterized by a positive semi-definite matrix. Recent methods offer good scalability to large datasets.Less work has been devoted to metric learning from structured objects (such as strings or trees), because it often involves complex procedures. Most of the work has focused on optimizing a notion of edit distance, which measures (in terms of number of operations) the cost of turning an object into another.We identify two important limitations of current supervised metric learning approaches. First, they allow to improve the performance of local algorithms such as k-nearest neighbors, but metric learning for global algorithms (such as linear classifiers) has not really been studied so far. Second, and perhaps more importantly, the question of the generalization ability of metric learning methods has been largely ignored.In this thesis, we propose theoretical and algorithmic contributions that address these limitations. Our first contribution is the derivation of a new kernel function built from learned edit probabilities. Unlike other string kernels, it is guaranteed to be valid and parameter-free. Our second contribution is a novel framework for learning string and tree edit similarities inspired by the recent theory of (epsilon,gamma,tau)-good similarity functions and formulated as a convex optimization problem. Using uniform stability arguments, we establish theoretical guarantees for the learned similarity that give a bound on the generalization error of a linear classifier built from that similarity. In our third contribution, we extend the same ideas to metric learning from feature vectors by proposing a bilinear similarity learning method that efficiently optimizes the (epsilon,gamma,tau)-goodness. The similarity is learned based on global constraints that are more appropriate to linear classification. Generalization guarantees are derived for our approach, highlighting that our method minimizes a tighter bound on the generalization error of the classifier. Our last contribution is a framework for establishing generalization bounds for a large class of existing metric learning algorithms. It is based on a simple adaptation of the notion of algorithmic robustness and allows the derivation of bounds for various loss functions and regularizers.
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Kayembe, Grace Longwa. "The Fraud Exception in Bank Guarantee." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4645.
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Zhang, Liping. "Three essays on low-price guarantees." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29275.
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This thesis consists of three essays and one literature review. The thesis examines theoretically the effects of Low-Price Guarantees (LPGs), which are increasingly common in retail markets and goods industries. Although the essays in this thesis share a common theme, they can be read independently without impeding the readers' understanding of the issues discussed in each.
The first essay studies the effects of LPGs in the search model of Salop and Stiglitz (1977). This model provides a general framework for the comparison of Matching Competition Clauses (MCCs) and Beating Competition Clauses (BCCs): The number of firms in the market is determined by free entry and consumers have incomplete information about prices and differ in their search costs. It is shown that MCCs have stronger collusive effects than BCCs, however, these effects evaporate with the introduction of an arbitrarily small hassle cost.
The second essay extends the Milgrom and Robers model (1982) to study the entry deterrence effects of LPGs. In this model, the potential entrant has no complete information about the true unit cost of the incumbent. It is demonstrated that under certain conditions, the high-cost incumbent can imitate the behavior of the low-cost one and deter entry even in situations where this would not be possible in the absence of a price guarantee. Therefore, the corresponding policy suggestion is to prohibit this pricing behavior when it is exerted by a monopolist.
The third essay studies LPGs in a partial equilibrium model, where consumers can search for lower prices but search takes time and thus delays consumption. A price guarantee to match any lower price offered by the retailer allows a consumer to purchase and consume now while keeping the option of reaping the benefit of a lower price that he may find later in time. The analysis demonstrates how the following two factors, the variability of market prices and the percentage of bargain hunters, affect the decisions that a firm needs to make in setting its price and the duration of its price guarantee in a competitive environment.
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Burd, Rafael. "De alferes a corregedor : a trajetória de Sepé Tiaraju durante a demarcação de limites na América Meridional - 1752/1761." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/62024.
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Em 1750, era assinado entre as Coroas da Espanha e de Portugal o Tratado de Madri. Este determinava, entre outras coisas, a troca da Colônia de Sacramento pelas missões ao leste do rio Uruguai, o que levaria os guaranis que ali viviam a transmigrar para a outra margem do mesmo rio. Na medida em que estes indígenas apresentaram resistência, foram mandadas tropas para realizar esta função. É nesse contexto que se percebe a atuação de Sepé Tiaraju: como membro de uma elite missioneira, elaborada pelos padres jesuítas, que se revoltou contra as determinações de deixar suas terras. Analisando a trajetória de Sepé, percebe-se a construção de sua liderança e autoridade perante os demais. A abordagem versa sobre a forma e a maneira de como sua liderança foi construída: através das redes de relação e da forma de como estas foram elaboradas. Ao mesmo tempo, o modo como o prestígio de Sepé, e das autoridades indígenas em geral, é estabelecido também é abordado. A opção metodológica cai sobre a micro-história, sobretudo a sustentada por Carlo Ginzburg, buscando uma leitura atenta aos detalhes da fonte. Além disso, o método de pesquisa traçado pela etno-história, que combina elementos da História e da Antropologia e insere o indígena na História da conquista da América, também é utilizado, fazendo da pesquisa uma releitura da documentação disponível sobre Sepé à luz da “Nova História Indígena”.In 1750 the Treaty of Madri was signed between the Crowns of Spain and Portugal. It supposed, among other points, the exchange of the Colônia de Sacramento for the missions at east of the Uruguai river, which would force the Guaraníes that lived there to migrate to the other side of the river. As the indigenes resisted, troops were sent to do the task. It is in this context that the role of Sepé Tiaraju is noted: as a member of a Missions elite, organized by the Jesuit priests, which had rebeled against the resolution of leaving their land. Analyzing Sepé's trajectory, it's perceived the development of his leadership and authority over the others. This approach examines the ways and means how his leadership was built: through the relationship networks and the way they were made. At the same time, it's explained the way that Sepé's and the authorities' reputation is established. The methodological option is the microhistory, mainly the part sustained by Carlo Ginzburg, seeking a careful reading of the source details. Moreover, the research method delineated by etnohistory, that combines elements from History and Anthropology and put the indigene in the History of the conquest of America, is also used, converting the research into a rereading of the available documentation under the light of the “New Indian History”.
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Dahlfors, Gunnar, and Peter Jansson. "Essays in financial guarantees and risky debt." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Finansiell Ekonomi (FI), 1994. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-887.
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This dissertation consists of six separate papers dealing with the valuation of financial guarantees and risky debt contract. Each of these papers is independent and distinct. The main theme is the valuation of securities by contingent claims analysis (CCA). Paper 1: Valuation of Financial Guarantees – A Presentation and a Critique.One purpose of this paper is to derive a pricing formula for a deposit guarantee, when the assets of the bank exhibit downward jumps due to extraordinary loan defaults. In this respect, we use the framework of Merton (1976), where a stock option is priced under the assumption of a jump-diffusion process for the underlying stock. Paper 2: Valuation of Deposit Insurance – An Alternative Approach.This paper extends paper 1 in the respect that the guarantor, in this case a deposit insurance agency, will nullify the guarantee contract and liquidate the bank when it gets insolvent. The liquidation is assumed to involve some costs like legal and realization costs. In fact, since the guarantee contract will never get in-the-money, the guarantee will receive value only from these liquidation costs. Paper 3: Financial Guarantees and Asymmetric Information.In this paper, we make the assumption that the guarantor cannot observe the solvency process, unless it carries out audits. This is different from the normal perfect information assumption for this kind of analysis. Since audits are often costly, and this burdens the guarantee value, the guarantor will search for an audit strategy, which minimizes the guarantee value. Paper 4: Valuation of Barrier Contracts – A Simplified Approach.Many types of financial contracts can be classified as "barrier contracts". This description comes from their feature of allowing either contractual part to take some kind of action during the lifetime of the contract contingent on some pre-specified event. In this sense, the deposit insurance contract in analysed in paper 2 can be regarded as a barrier contract. The previous valuation models of barrier contracts are often considerably advanced and have tended to obscure the underlying economics. It is the path-dependence and stopping-time features that primarily make the derivation of these pricing formulas complicated. Our model simplifies this procedure by deriving the important "first passage time" distribution from a binomial model instead of using the reflection principle. Paper 5: Valuation of Risky Debt in the Presence of Jumps, Safety Barriers and Collaterals.This paper deals with different aspects of risky debt valuation with the CCA approach. The term. "risky", refers to the probability of default on the promised payment by the borrower. Paper 6: Portfolio Selection and the Pricing of Personal Loan Contracts.The CCA literature that follows Black and Scholes (1973), has mainly taken the underlying asset dynamics for given. Although it may be appropriate for stock options, we consider this assumption too simplifying with regards to personal loan contracts. It is obvious that the borrower’s consumption-investment decision affects his wealth process, on which the loan contract is contingent. Moreover, we believe that individuals actually have preferences to repay loans for different reasons such as the existence of reputational costs or legal penalties that affect the borrower in case of loan default.Diss. av båda förf. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan
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Sember, Jeffery. "Guarantees concerning geometric objects with imprecise points." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/38084.
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Traditional geometric algorithms are often presented as if input imprecision does not exist, even though it is often unavoidable. We argue that in some cases, it may be desirable for geometric algorithms to treat this imprecision as an explicit component of the input, and to reflect this imprecision in the output. Starting with three problems from computational geometry whose inputs are planar point sets (Voronoi diagrams, convex hulls, and smallest bounding discs), we recast these as problems where each input point's location is imprecise, but known to lie within a particular region of uncertainty. Where algorithms to solve each of the original problems produce a single geometric object as output, the algorithms that we present typically produce either guaranteed or possible output objects. A guaranteed object represents qualities that can be guaranteed for every point set that is consistent with the uncertain regions, and a possible object represents qualities that exist for at least one such point set. By dealing with input imprecision explicitly, these guaranteed and possible objects can represent a more accurate view of what can be reliably inferred from the input data.
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Choi, Ki-Seok. "Service level guarantee in capacitated supply chains." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25583.
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Haydock, Jennifer. "Price-matching guarantees and imperfect consumer information." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508417.
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Machado, Dias Diego. "Mechanising an algebraic rely-guarantee refinement calculus." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/4016.
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Despite rely-guarantee (RG) being a well-studied program logic established in the 1980s, it was not until recently that researchers realised that rely and guarantee conditions could be treated as independent programming constructs. This recent reformulation of RG paved the way to algebraic characterisations which have helped to better understand the difficulties that arise in the practical application of this development approach. The primary focus of this thesis is to provide automated tool support for a rely-guarantee refinement calculus proposed by Hayes et. al., where rely and guarantee are defined as independent commands. Our motivation is to investigate the application of an algebraic approach to derive concrete examples using this calculus. In the course of this thesis, we locate and fix a few issues involving the refinement language, its operational semantics and preexisting proofs. Moreover, we extend the refinement calculus of Hayes et. al. to cover indexed parallel composition, non-atomic evaluation of expressions within specifications, and assignment to indexed arrays. These extensions are illustrated via concrete examples. Special attention is given to design decisions that simplify the application of the mechanised theory. For example, we leave part of the design of the expression language on the hands of the user, at the cost of the requiring the user to define the notion of undefinedness for unary and binary operators; and we also formalise a notion of indexed parallelism that is parametric on the type of the indexes, this is done deliberately to simplify the formalisation of algorithms. Additionally, we use stratification to reduce the number of cases in in simulation proofs involving the operational semantics. Finally, we also use the algebra to discuss the role of types in program derivation.
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Wiltsche, Clemens. "Assume-guarantee strategy synthesis for stochastic games." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f4ec96ce-7032-4c5b-ac25-0e0b6764e3da.
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This thesis presents a framework for the automatic strategy synthesis from quantitative specifications, in order to control autonomous systems. We model systems as turn-based two-player zero-sum stochastic games, which are able to express both stochastic and nondeterministic environmental uncertainty. Given a system model and a specification, we define the strategy synthesis problem as that of finding a strategy for the system that is winning against every environment. Since large, complex systems are typically built from multiple components, we consider synthesis of strategies for the individual components separately, which can then be composed to a winning strategy for the full system. Modelling interaction between components is facilitated using assume-guarantee rules, which can express contracts such as "maintain the room temperature of at least 20°C, as long as the windows are closed at least 30% of the time." For the synthesis of strategies for the individual components, we develop synthesis algorithms for Boolean combinations of long-run objectives, specifically, maintaining above a threshold (i) a mean-payoff, almost surely; (ii) an expected mean-payoff; (iii) a ratio of rewards, almost surely; or (iv) a ratio of expected rewards. We implement our algorithms in the PRISM-games 2.0 tool and demonstrate their viability on four case studies.
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Karakozis, Pantelis. "Valuation and optimal allocation of loan guarantees." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8061.
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Quirós, Tomás Roberto. "Evangelizacion de los pueblos guaranies en las Reducciones jesuiticas del Paraguay." Thesis, Boston College, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108882.
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Thesis advisor: André BrouilletteThesis advisor: Rafael Luciani
Thesis (STL) — Boston College, 2020
Submitted to: Boston College. School of Theology and Ministry
Discipline: Sacred Theology
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Hanning, Marianne. "Maximum Waiting-time Guarantee - a remedy to long waiting lists? : Assessment of the Swedish Waiting-time Guarantee Policy 1992-1996." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5805.
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Caten, Odécio Ten. "Forma(s) de governo nas reduções guaranis." Florianópolis, SC, 2001. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/82012.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências JurídicasMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-19T10:17:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-09-25T21:33:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 178400.pdf: 6978952 bytes, checksum: 098528c45cc43dcf569b90a16c135c10 (MD5)
Análise histórico-crítica, sob o viés da interdisciplinaridade, com enfoque na Ciência Política e no Direito, das trinta reduções guaranis que prosperaram (dentre as 54 fundadas) em solo hispano-americano nos séculos XVII-XVIII. Uma diversidade de formas de governo foram atribuídas pela bibliografia a essas reduções: Estado Jesuítico Independente, Teocracia, Utopia, Socialismo, Comunismo, República. De fato, serviram aos interesses da Igreja Católica após a Reforma para efetivação de uma nova geopolítica de conquistar territórios e "almas" para catequizar. Com o patrocínio dos Reis católicos de Espanha, foi transplantado o direito medieval castelhano, em substituição ao direito autóctone, consuetudinário dos guaranis, através do Cabildo, organização municipal implantada em todas as colônias espanholas
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Björlin, Lidén Sara. "The Role of Service Guarantees in Managing Services." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-2573.
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Service guarantees have been argued to have many roles in managing services, for instance signal service quality, attract new customers, increase satisfaction and retention, and to differentiate the company from its competitors. Despite a growing interest from service organizations, research on service guarantees has been surprisingly scarce. The aim of this dissertation is to provide a wider understanding of the roles of service guarantees. Data is gathered from actual customers (as opposed to fictitious participants of an experiment) and/or employees regarding service guarantees in three different service contexts. The methods used to gather and analyze the data were manifold and includes personal interviews, Mystery Shopping observations, focus group interviews and a postal survey. The results represent new knowledge when it comes to the roles of service guarantees in managing services. Previous research has almost exclusively addressed pre-purchase effects of the service guarantee, but has failed to address the impact of the service guarantee after it has been used. Therefore, the most important contribution to service research of this dissertation concern the understanding of service guarantees “in action” and the post-use effects of a service guarantee in real service settings. Another contribution is the identification of the recovery paradox; that the customer is more satisfied with the service after he or she has used the service guarantee, than before he or she experienced the original service failure. This result strongly suggests that the use of a service guarantee can make a fruitful contribution in the managing of services.
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Fuentes, Graciela. "Constitutional guarantees and normative limits to free communication." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26444.
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The purpose of this work is to analyze the principles of human rights theory underlying the protection of freedom of expression and the normative limits imposed on communication. The analysis involves those principles argued in American and Canadian judicial review.The curtailment of sexual expression is at the core of the discussion of the nature of human beings and their relationship with the state power. By analyzing the way in which governments ban sexual messages, one can infer with a great degree of accuracy how they will react toward other forms of expression. This connection can be established because arguments justifying restrictions on pornography may be extended to justify prohibitions on other form of communication.
Inasmuch as freedom of expression meets the basic need for communication inherent to autonomous and morally responsible individuals, any restriction on it must stem from the principle that rights-protection is the highest value as supreme law rather than from a majority assertion of what is good for the individual and society as a whole.
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Chen, Haiqing. "Providing packet-loss guarantees in differentiated services architectures." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ59368.pdf.
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Tiwari, Prakriti. "Fulfilling efficiently SLA availability guarantees in backbone networks." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for telematikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-27342.
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The availability and reliability of backbone networks is important tosociety. However, physical, software and unintentional human errorfailures affect the links and nodes in a backbone network. To overcomesuch failures in the network, recovery mechanisms such as Protectionand Restoration are utilized. Additionally, a concept of Service LevelAgreement (SLA) is introduced between the provider and the user whichdefines and guarantees the network availability requirements and penaltyschemes. In this thesis, fulfilling the SLA availability guarantee efficientlyin a backbone network is investigated.This thesis focuses on the problem of handling end-to-end path failureson backbone networks. Some of the popular existing recovery mechanismsto handle such failures are Dedicated Backup Path Protection (DBPP) andPath Restoration (PR). A high percentage of network survivability canbe achieved by DBPP with a reserved backup path for each provisionedconnection. Unfortunately, it is very costly and resource demanding.Whereas, a PR based solution consumes only the needed resources but itis very slow to recover from failure which might effect the SLA availabilityguarantee. The work in this thesis aims at providing a hybrid networkrecovery model that combines the benefits of both DBPP and PR. Thehybrid model switches between DBPP and PR according to the SLAavailability requirement over a contract period and the current networkconnection state (i.e. the remaining time of the SLA and current sum ofdowntimes (accumulated downtime)).Moreover, an analysis in the failure logs of UNINETT’s backbonenetwork is made to model the probability distribution of the accumulateddowntime that uses PR. A distribution fitting is made for modeling theconnection downtime data taken from UNINETT’s backbone networkwhere Weibull distribution proved to be a good approximation. Additionally,a model for distribution of accumulated downtime that usesDBPP for both non-simultaneous and simultaneous failures of the workingpath and backup path is provided. An in-depth explanation of howthese distributions models can be used in the design of hybrid models ispresented.Two hybrid models were approached in this thesis. The first hybridapproach used the DBPP scheme at the beginning of the SLA durationand then it switches to PR when the calculated SLA risk assessmentshows that the probability of violating the SLA requirement is lower attime t. The second hybrid approach used the PR scheme at the beginningof the SLA duration and then it switches to DBPP when the accumulateddowntime at time t reach near to the threshold of the SLA risk targetsuch that the probability of violating the SLA requirement is higher.The transition line which decides the switching between PR and DBPPare computed for each hybrid approach using the results obtained fromthe accumulated downtime distribution model of PR and DBPP. Thetransition line defined in this thesis provides information about when theconnection should switch between Protection and Restoration mechanismby knowing the network connection state. The computed transition lineswith a 1 percent SLA risk target is verified via discrete event simulationin DEMOS. The SLA risk target is the probability of failing the SLA,however the provider can tune the risk target by using an advancednetwork recovery mechanism (e.g Protection) for more or less time. Thesimulation results showed that the proposed hybrid models work well,fulfilling the SLA availability guarantee efficiently with respect to theresource utilization. In addition, the results also revealed that usingthe PR scheme at the beginning of the SLA contract provides threetimes better resource utilization than using the DBPP scheme at thebeginning. Cost analysis for network providers are made with differentSLA risk targets in order to find the optimal SLA risk target for networkproviders. The results from analysis suggested that the total cost fornetwork providers decreases with the increase of SLA risk target untilthe total cost reaches its minimum, then it starts to increase again.The result of this thesis might contribute to future research on developinga hybrid model to reach particular performance objectives incommunication networks.
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Yan, Feng. "Workload Interleaving with Performance Guarantees in Data Centers." W&M ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1477068022.
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In the era of global, large scale data centers residing in clouds, many applications and users share the same pool of resources for the purposes of reducing energy and operating costs, and of improving availability and reliability. Along with the above benefits, resource sharing also introduces performance challenges: when multiple workloads access the same resources concurrently, contention may occur and introduce delays in the performance of individual workloads. Providing performance isolation to individual workloads needs effective management methodologies. The challenges of deriving effective management methodologies lie in finding accurate, robust, compact metrics and models to drive algorithms that can meet different performance objectives while achieving efficient utilization of resources. This dissertation proposes a set of methodologies aiming at solving the challenging performance isolation problem in workload interleaving in data centers, focusing on both storage components and computing components. at the storage node level, we focus on methodologies for better interleaving user traffic with background workloads, such as tasks for improving reliability, availability, and power savings. More specifically, a scheduling policy for background workload based on the statistical characteristics of the system busy periods and a methodology that quantitatively estimates the performance impact of power savings are developed. at the storage cluster level, we consider methodologies on how to efficiently conduct work consolidation and schedule asynchronous updates without violating user performance targets. More specifically, we develop a framework that can estimate beforehand the benefits and overheads of each option in order to automate the process of reaching intelligent consolidation decisions while achieving faster eventual consistency. at the computing node level, we focus on improving workload interleaving at off-the-shelf servers as they are the basic building blocks of large-scale data centers. We develop priority scheduling middleware that employs different policies to schedule background tasks based on the instantaneous resource requirements of the high priority applications running on the server node. Finally, at the computing cluster level, we investigate popular computing frameworks for large-scale data intensive distributed processing, such as MapReduce and its Hadoop implementation. We develop a new Hadoop scheduler called DyScale to exploit capabilities offered by heterogeneous cores in order to achieve a variety of performance objectives.
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MOREIRA, AQUILES POLETTI. "OPTIMAL PARAMETRIZATION OF GOVERNMENT GUARANTEE IN INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=16674@1.
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Nas últimas décadas a participação do capital privado em projetos de
infraestrutura tem aumentado. Por outro lado, considerando os elevados riscos de
alguns destes empreendimentos, pode haver necessidade do governo estabelecer
mecanismos de incentivo para reduzir estes riscos para continuar atraindo o
investidor privado. Uma destas alternativas é a Garantia Limitada de Receita
Mínima. Nesta modalidade, é garantida ao investidor uma receita mínima do
projeto limitado a um teto pré-fixado chamado de nível de CAP, o que reduz o
risco do governo. Este trabalho propõe uma metodologia que permite ao governo
definir os parâmetros ótimos para precificar a Garantia de Receita Mínima com
CAP de forma a alcançar os objetivos de atrair a iniciativa privada e minimizar o
custo e o risco esperados pelo governo. Para determinar o interesse do investidor
privado foi adotada a métrica do nível de risco do projeto, obtido da distribuição
de probabilidade do VPL, e o risco do governo, a medida de performance Omega,
obtida da distribuição de probabilidade da garantia, usando-se a metodologia das
opções reais. Para determinar os parâmetros ótimos foi utilizado método
numérico, dado que uma solução analítica é inviável dada a complexidade do
problema. Como resultado secundário, demonstrou-se que quando o governo
analisa a garantia em um contexto de carteira de projetos, o risco do governo
reduz-se devido ao efeito da diversificação.In recent decades the participation of private capital in infrastructure projects has increased. Considering the high level of risk of some of these projects, there may be a need for some sort of government support mechanisms that reduce these risks in order to continue to attract the private investor interest. One such alternative is the Limited Minimum Revenue Guarantee, where the investor is guaranteed a minimum revenue level for the project, limited to a preset ceiling, or CAP, which reduces the government’s risk. This work proposes a method to allow the government to define the optimal parameters for both the Minimum Revenue Guarantee and the CAP, so that the private investor is attracted to the project at the lowest cost and risk possible to the government. The interest of the private investor is measured by the level of risk involved, which is obtained from the probability distribution of the project´s NPV. The metric for the government risk is assumed to be the Omega performance measure, which is determined from the probability distribution of the guarantee under the real options approach. Due to the complexity of the problem, an analytic solution is not feasible and it is shown that the optimal parameters can be determined with numerical methods. As a secondary result, it is also shown that when the government analyses these guarantees in the context of a portfolio of projects, the risk to the government is reduced due to the diversification effect.
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Roorda, Mauricio. "The role of guarantees in superior quality services." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10710.
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Papachristoudis, Georgios. "Theoretical guarantees and complexity reduction in information planning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99780.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2015.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 165-173).
Information planning addresses the problem of determining the optimal set of measurements that would reduce the uncertainty over latent variables of interest under a set of constraints. A commonly used reward for quantifying the expected reduction in uncertainty is mutual information (MI). One application of information planning can be found in object tracking where a network of sensors generate noisy measurements of a moving object's position and we are interested in selecting the set of sensors that would maximally reduce the uncertainty of predicting the object's track. Optimal measurement selection can be combinatorially complex and intractable for large-scale problems; interestingly, it has been shown that simple greedy algorithms that choose the best measurement at each time step given past selections, provide nearly optimal solutions for submodular monotone rewards. In this thesis, we examine several challenges that arise when performing real-world information planning. Our contributions are three-fold: (i) we provide theoretical guarantees for the greedy algorithm used in the submodular monotone case when it is applied to dierent problem settings: (1) non-monotone rewards, (2) budget constraints, (3) settings where only a set of latent variables is of relevance; (ii) we demonstrate how to substantially reduce the complexity of evaluating MI in Gaussian models by taking advantage of sparsity in the measurement process; and (iii) we propose a variant of belief propagation that is suitable for adaptive inference settings. In the first part, we present conditions under which open-loop is equivalent to closed-loop information planning. Furthermore, we provide bounds on the greedy performance for submodular non-monotone functions. We also consider the case when measurements are valued based on their relative information content and explore the conditions under which the known bounds for the submodular monotone case apply to this modified setting. Lastly, we provide bounds for budgeted and focused planning. In the former, each measurement induces a cost and there is a limited budget constraint, while in the latter only a set of latent variables is of interest. In the second part of the thesis, we propose a method for reducing the complexity of function evaluations that take place during information planning. Previous works have assumed oracle-value models, where the informational value of any set of measurements is provided in constant time, an assumption which is often unrealistic. We focus on Gaussian models and MI and show that we can substantially reduce complexity by exploiting sparsity in the measurement process. In the third part, we propose a variant of belief propagation (BP) that is well-suited to adaptive inference settings and is exact on trees. During information planning we need to update the marginal distribution of only one latent variable at each step of the greedy algorithm. This task can be achieved naïvely, where inference is performed from scratch at every step, or by taking advantage of repeating calculations. Adaptive inference is concerned with the latter approach. We suggest a minimal messaging schedule, where only the necessary messages are sent at every step to guarantee the correct marginal distributions at the nodes of interest. We also provide extensions to Gaussian loopy graphs and to the problem of fining the most likely sequence of hidden variables.
by Georgios Papachristoudis.
Ph. D.
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Wang, Shengquan. "Utilization-based delay guarantee techniques and their applications." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1078.
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Cohen, Aloni(Aloni Jonathan). "New guarantees for cryptographic circuits and data anonymization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122737.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 305-320).
The first part of this thesis presents new definitions and constructions for three modern problems in cryptography: watermarking cryptographic circuits, updatable cryptographic circuits, and proxy reencryption. The second part is dedicate to advancing the understanding of data anonymization. We examine what it means for a data anonymization mechanism to prevent singling out in a data release, a necessary condition to be considered effectively anonymized under the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation. We also demonstrate that heretofore theoretical privacy attacks against ad-hoc privacy preserving technologies are in fact realistic and practical.
by Alon Jonathan Cohen.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Al-Talhouni, B. "Bank's obligation to pay under letters of guarantee." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21235.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to discuss a bank's obligation to pay under letters of guarantee in English law, the Uniform Rules of the International Chamber of Commerce and the United Nation Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). Letters of guarantee that are issued by other financial institutions as surety or by insurance companies fall outside the scope of this thesis. This thesis is divided into six chapters. Chapter I outlines the importance of the letter of guarantee and the legal issues which are discussed in the rest of the thesis. Chapter II examines the legal nature of letters of guarantee by highlighting the problem of inconsistency of terminology, and by tracing the sources of law which regulate letters of guarantee. It examines a bank's obligation to pay under different types of letters of guarantee, and considers the parties to these instruments. Chapter III discusses the legal nature of a bank's obligation to pay. This includes the establishment of the bank's obligation to pay and some other issues related to this obligation, such as the mechanism of payment, the principle of independence and the duty of verification. Chapter IV analyses the effect of fraud and interlocutory injunctions (interim interdicts) on a bank's obligation to pay. This encompasses questions of evidence of fraud, the bank's role in preventing fraud and the effect of the court's injunction on the bank's obligation to pay. Chapter V discusses the ambit of the bank's duties and responsibilities under letters of guarantee. Issues such as the bank's duty to pay the proper beneficiary and the bank's limitation of liability are discussed in this chapter. Chapter VI discusses the problems associated with the issue of the choice of law in determining the law applicable to the bank's obligation to pay. It examines the principles that are applied by the English courts in deciding the applicable law to letters of guarantee and the effect of these principles on the bank's obligation to pay. The thesis is completed by a conclusion.
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ho, Chang ta, and 張大和. "The study batch type credit guarantees the case of the sme credit guarantee fund." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57057033184795193596.
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Jindrová, Lucie. "Bankovní záruka." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-310742.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis deals mostly with regulation of bank guarantee in Czech law, as well as with regulation on international level. The main aim of this work is to provide a complete perspective on bank guarantee, definition of its typical elements and its subjects and relations between the subjects, and to make classification of different kinds of bank guarantees. The work is divided into 12 main chapters and a great number of subchapters. Chapter one deals with a risk that is closely connected with bank guarantee, as bank guarantee is mostly used to secure risks. Chapter two is dedicated to historical development of bank guarantee and to previous regulation in the Code of International Business. Chapter three is focused on legislation of bank guarantee both in the Commercial Code and in other laws that regulate its use in the Czech Republic. This chapter is also concerned with the international law - mostly rules issued by the International Chamber of Commerce in Paris. Chapter four is mostly focused on characteristics of essential elements of bank guarantee, its differences from guarantee and its practical use. Chapters five and six are completely dedicated to establishment of bank guarantee and actions before its establishment. Chapter seven analyses subjects of bank guarantee and relationships between...
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Bartholomew, Amy. "Justice without guarantees /." 2007. http://www.lib.umi.com/dissertations/gateway.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--New School University, 2007.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 380-415). Also available in electronic format on the World Wide Web. Access restricted to users affiliated with the licensed institutions.
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Jan, Yih-yaw, and 詹益燿. "Exploration of Guarantee Approach and Risk Control of Credit Guarantee Institutions." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39980856337491807545.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
財務金融組
93
Small and Medium Business Credit Guarantee Fund (SMEG) is the sole non-profit credit guarantee providing organization. In the past thirty years it has successfully supported numerous small and medium enterprise to obtain needed bank loans. The co-existence of authorized Credit Guarantee and review-needed Credit Guarantee approaches make it possible of double-layer information asymmetry faces to SMEG. However, relative effectiveness of these two schemes has not been analyzed yet. This study tries to analyze current risk management applied in SMEG. Also, a suggestion to current schemes based on risk control improving is provided in this study. 62 monthly and paired data and t-statistic testing are used in the empirical testing part of this study. Test results show that ,under specific conditions, review-needed scheme is significantly superior to the authorized scheme. Three conclusions are drawn in this study. First, subrogation ratio of SMEG should be set in accordance with the variation of the economy and with its break-even subrogation ratio. Second, package guarantee scheme is featured to include total risk-controlled volume consideration, yet a modified rollover package credit guarantee program is introduced and recommended to use by SMEG. Third, applying of a combination of credit guarantee schemes may be a better method to keep risk level down for SMEG.
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Jen-Wei, Tsao, and 曹仁威. "Study of the Co-existence of Credit Guarantee and Material Guarantee." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83690319363646240734.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東吳大學
法律學系
102
The surging development of the market economy brings heightened demand for transaction safety. Therefore, in order to ensure the security of the capital they financed or the products they shipped, and also to ensure that they will be able to collect debts by their due dates without hassle, general creditors often demand that debtors provide guarantees in the form of collateral or third-party guarantees (guarantors). Especially when bank loans are involved, the banks may simultaneously request multiple guarantees, which may include the coexistence of a pledge of property collateral provided by the main debtor or a third-party, or a personal guarantee pledged by a third-party. In the past 30 years, legislation regarding civil laws involving the coexistence of personal guarantees and/or property collateral in the People's Republic of China, specifically those involving the order of priority, have gone through different models, and such transitions intrigued the author of this dissertation. This dissertation is formed by the analysis, compilation and consolidation of information from three major sources: comprehensive collection of literature on the legislative history and process of The Guarantee Law, Interpretations of the Guarantee Law and The Property Law, books and literature discussing the issues related to the coexistence of personal guarantee and property collateral, and empirical cases in the People's Republic of China. The content of the studies will be presented in five chapters, including Chapter 1 Introduction, Chapter 2 The Concept and Characteristics of Coexisting Personal Guarantees and Property Collateral and the Legal Relationships between the Persons Involved, Chapter 3 The Development of Coexisting Personal Guarantees and Property Collateral Related Laws in the People's Republic of China, Chapter 4 The Right of Claim between the Guarantor and the Third-Party Property Collateral Pledger, Chapter 5 The Issues of Coexisting Personal Guarantees and Property Collateral Practiced in the People's Republic of China and Related Recommendations, and Chapter 6 Conclusions. This dissertation opens the discussion from the concept and characteristics of coexisting personal guarantees and property collateral, as well as the legal relationships between the persons involved. It extends the subject into the development of related laws, the rights to claims in between guarantors and third-party property collateral pledgers and the allocation of liability. The scope of the research involves current theories and legal opinions interpreted through comparison to the legal systems of Taiwan, Japan and Germany. Finally, we derived the connotations in the practice of coexisting personal guarantees and property collateral through the organization, consolidation, analysis and compilation of a comprehensive range of information and pinpointed the contradiction, insufficiency and omissions in the related legislation. Based on which, we propose several recommendations for reference for future amendments to the Property Law of the People's Republic of China.