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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'HDV infection'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Silva, Ilana Mirian Almeida Felipe da. "Soroprevalência da infecção pelos vírus da hepatite B e D em dois municípios da região do Baixo Munim, Maranhão, Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-09012015-112522/.

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As hepatites virais são um grave problema de saúde pública no mundo e no Brasil Taxas variadas de prevalência em diferentes regiões e grupos populacionais têm sido encontradas no país. Além disto, o HDV foi recentemente identificado em uma população do Estado do Maranhão. Neste sentido, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a soroprevalência para HBV e HDV e identificar fatores associados ao vírus da hepatite B, em uma população do Baixo Munim, região rura próxima aos Lençóis Maranhenses, com precário nível de desenvolvimento econômico e social. Em uma população composta de 30.000 in

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2

Schmelas, Carolin [Verfasser], and Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] Bartenschlager. "One for all, all for one: Combining and improving AAV, RNAi and CRISPR technologies to combat HBV infection and HBV/HDV co-infections / Carolin Schmelas ; Betreuer: Ralf Bartenschlager." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1212512278/34.

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3

Чемич, Оксана Миколаївна, Оксана Николаевна Чемич, Oksana Mykolaivna Chemych, Я. Л. Кравцова, and А. А. Олефір. "Structure of opportunistic infections in patients with HIV- infection." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/74893.

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Діагностика першої та другої стадій ВІЛ-інфекції низька. Опортуністичні інфекції та супутні захворювання посилюють перебіг ВІЛ-інфекції. Найбільш поширеною опортуністичною інфекцією є кандидоз ротоглотки. У структурі супутньої патології переважають хронічні вірусні гепатити С і метаболічна кардіоміопатія.<br>Диагностика первой и второй стадии ВИЧ-инфекции невысока. Оппортунистические инфекции и сопутствующие заболевания обостряют течение ВИЧ-инфекции. Наиболее распространенной оппортунистической инфекцией является кандидоз ротоглотки. Хронический вирусный гепатит С и метаболическая кардиомиопа

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4

England, Kirsty Anne. "Paediatric HCV and HIV infection : mode of acquisition, progression and co-infection." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444156/.

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In this thesis a diverse range of topics related to paediatric HIV and HCV infection are investigated information is provided on the more specific areas of coinfection, disease monitoring methodologies and the impact of mode of acquisition of infection. Four unique epidemiological cohorts of vertically and parenterally HIV, HCV and HIV/IICV coinfcctcd children are analysed. ALT reference ranges adjusted for age and sex in children under five years of age show that ALT levels greater than 60U/1 in boys and 55U/1 in girls should be regarded as elevated in the first 18 months of life while therea

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5

Hultgren, Catharina. "Immune modulation in chronic HBV and HCV infection /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4255-2/.

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6

Marshall, Caroline. "Endemic methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in the intensive care unit." Monash University, Dept. of Medicine, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9505.

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7

Atwine, Daniel. "Improving TB management and control through innovative shorter anti-tuberculosis regimens." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT041/document.

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Le traitement actuel de la tuberculose chimio-sensible est de 6 mois, ce qui est beaucoup trop long et entraine des défauts d’adhésion au traitement, des échecs thérapeutiques par sélection de bactéries résistantes. Puisque dans le futur proche, aucun nouveau traitement ne permettra de raccourcir la durée de traitement, d’autres voies doivent être recherchées, entre autres l’augmentation de la posologie de rifampicine (R) au-delà des 10 mg/kg actuellement recommandés qui pourrait permettre un traitement de 3-4 mois.Notre travail, réalisé dans le cadre d’essais cliniques, a consisté d’une part

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8

Falconer, Karolin. "HIV-1/HCV co-infection immunity and viral dynamics /." Stockholm, 2010. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2010/978-91-7409-762-7/.

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9

Uccellini, L. "HOST GENETIC INFLUENCE ON HIV AND HCV INFECTIONS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/215587.

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In patients with chronic hepatitis C, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA level is an important predictor of treatment response. To explore the relationship of HCV RNA with viral and demographic factors, as well as IL28B genotype, we examined viral levels in an ethnically diverse group of injection drug users (IDUs). Between 1998 and 2000, the Urban Health Study (UHS) recruited IDUs from street settings in San Francisco Bay area neighborhoods. Participants who were positive by HCV EIA were tested for HCV viremia by a bDNA assay. HCV genotype was determined by sequencing the HCV NS5B region. For a

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10

Kolotylo, T. R. "Peculiarities of HIV infection with active tuberculosis in association with other opportunistic infections." Thesis, БДМУ, 2020. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18222.

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11

Tscherning, Charlotte. "Déterminants biologiques et génétiques du VIH-1 et rôle du placenta dans la transmission materno-foetale." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T187.

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12

Burke, Stephanie. "Generalized Impairment of CD8+ T-cells in HCV Mono- and HIV-HCV Co-infection." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32770.

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Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has global effects on the immune system. CD8+ T-cells, responsible for viral clearance and control, are dysfunctional for as yet unknown reasons. It is hypothesized that IL-7 signaling pathway deficiencies contribute to this impairment. Blood-derived CD8+ T-cells in chronic HCV mono- and HIV-HCV co-infection had lower IL-7-induced activation of STAT5 and production of Bcl-2, and lower proliferation in co-infection, compared to controls. Lower Bcl-2 production was also associated with increased fibrosis. These changes were independent of the IL-7 recep

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13

Fialho, Renata. "Neuropsychiatric manifestations of hepatitis C treatment in HIV/HCV co-infection." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/71260/.

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Hepatitis C (HCV) infection is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Interferon alpha based treatment for HCV offers a good rate of viral clearance, however the associated neuropsychiatric side effects increase the risk of treatment interruption and disease progression. The HIV/HCV coinfection is of particular interest due to association with higher rates of HCV treatment side effects and earlier treatment discontinuation when compared with HCV mono-infection. Therefore, the aim of the thesis was to further explore the effect of coinfection on mood and cognition and how HCV in

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14

Rana, Urvi. "Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes in Antiretroviral Treated HIV-HBV Co-infection." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38118.

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Objective: The objective of this thesis was to compare demographic and clinical characteristics and factors associated with advanced hepatic fibrosis between HIV and HIV-hepatitis B (HBV) co-infected patients. Methods: Proportional odds models were developed to investigate socio-demographic and clinical variables’ association on liver fibrosis determined by AST-to-Platelet-Ratio-Index (APRI). Results: HBV status and APRI values were available for 2,419 of 9,289 (26%) participants. 199 (9%) were HBV co-infected. Compared to HIV infected, HIV-HBV co-infected individuals were 2.19 (95% CI: 1.63

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15

Wang, Xiao Qian. "The Impact of Hepatitis B co-infection on the HIV Reservoir." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/22895.

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection increases overall and liver-related mortality in people living with HIV, yet the relationship between these two viruses is still poorly understood. We determined whether levels of HIV were associated with markers of HBV infection, immune activation and inflammation or liver damage. We also designed an assay to sequence full-length HIV RNA in order to further validate our findings. HIV-HBV co-infected and HIV mono-infected participants, naïve to ART, were recruited in Bangkok, Thailand as part of a prospective observational cohort study. HIV proviruses were

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16

Gupta, Priyanka. "Host gene expression and its regulation by microRNA in HCV and HIV/HCV co-infection." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/11998.

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HCV infection is prevalent and long-term infection may lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HIV/HCV co-infection has been shown to accelerate progression of HCV associated liver disease, and HCV in exacerbating hepatotoxicity of antiretroviral therapy. Both viruses are able to manipulate the host gene expression (mRNA) and regulatory (miRNA) machinery. It remains unclear how the regulation of mRNA expression is governed in HCV-infected Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) and liver tissue (tumor and non-tumor). This may help explain the cross-talk between PBMC and l

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17

Dias, Clara Lúcia Gonçalves. "HDL in HIV-1 infection: a quality perspective through paraoxonase-1 activities." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10840.

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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Genética Molecular e Biomedicina<br>Cardiovascular disease is highly prevalent on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected young adults, with serious implications on the choice of the most cardiovascular friendly antiretroviral regimen and its management. Nevirapine (NVP) is an antiretroviral drug that, although associated with hepatotoxicity and skin rash, is currently recognized as a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) booster in HIV-infected patients. This HDL booster effect is even more pronounced than the current available drugs for this purpo

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18

Moorman, Jonathan P., Matthew R. Krolikowski, Stephanie M. Mathis, and Robert P. Pack. "HIV/HCV Co-infection: Burden of Disease and Care Strategies in Appalachia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2766.

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Purpose of Review: The purpose of this review is to address infection with HIV and hepatitis C in the Appalachian region of the USA and the driving forces underlying this epidemic. We seek to discuss epidemiology of disease and the possible interventions to reduce incidence and burden of disease in this resource-limited area. Recent Findings: The rise of the opioid crisis has fueled a rise in new hepatitis C infection, and a rise in new HIV infection is expected to follow. Injection drug use has directly contributed to the epidemic and continues to remain a risk factor. Men who have sex with m

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19

Boyd, Anders. "Clinical epidemiology of multi-viral hepatitis infection among HIV-HBV infected patients." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066618.

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Ces dix dernières années, l'allongement de l'espérance de vie des patients infectés par le VIH s'est accompagné de l'apparition de co-morbidités, en particulier hépatiques, dues aux co-infections chroniques par les virus des hépatites B (VHB), C (VHC) et Delta (VHD). Alors que les patients co-infectés par le VIH-VHB sont plus à risque d'être infectés par d'autres virus des hépatites chroniques, les données concernant spécifiquement l'influence respective des co-infections VHC, VHD et VHC-VHD sur les conséquences cliniques, le suivi virologique et l'efficacité du traitement dans le contexte du

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20

Cordel, Nadège. "Infections ano-génitales par les papillomavirus humains oncogènes chez les femmes en Guadeloupe." Thesis, Antilles, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANTI0120/document.

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Les cancers viro-induits dont le chef de file est le cancer du col utérin lié aupapillomavirus humain (HPV) représentent une cause importante de mortalité dans la Caraïbe. Ilsont récemment été désignés comme objectif de santé publique par les registres des cancers antillais.Pour autant, les données virologiques disponibles sont rares et concernent principalement lesantilles anglophones. Des études de répartition génotypique menées à Tobago, en Jamaïque et à laBarbade montrent, en population générale, une forte prévalence des infections par les HPV à hautrisque oncogène (HRHPV) et une prédomina

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21

Saillour-Glénisson, Florence. "Premiers épisodes infectieux à cytomégalovirus dans une population de patients infectés par le Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine: facteurs prédictifs et influence sur la survie." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR23078.

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22

Glenn, Wong Choon Lim. "Immunosenescence in HIV infection." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:40b13bda-dd4c-4a01-b144-43d80201dc52.

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Immunosenescence is the progressive loss of immune tissue that result from (i) functional, (ii) clonal or (iii) systemic changes to the cells or tissue that make up the immune system. While this process occurs gradually during the ageing process, there is overwhelming evidence to implicate HIV infection in driving all three aspects of immunosenescence by inducing high levels of immune activation. In the current literature, there is a dearth of data on the impact of HIV-2 infection or untreated perinatal HIV-1 infection in driving immunosenescence, and the key goal of this thesis is to mend thi

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23

Pokharel, Ubin. "Factors Associated with Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and Multiple STI Co-infections: Results from the EVRI HIV Prevention Preparedness Trial." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6131.

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Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of sexually transmitted co-infections and assess factors associated with a single infection and co-infections. Methods: A total of 388 women were included in this study. At enrollment of the EVRI trial women were tested for five STIs: Human papilloma virus (HPV), Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) and Treponema pallidum. Prevalence of STI infections and proportion of women with different combinations of co-infections were calculated. Factors associated with single infection and STI c

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24

John, Grace Chiramukuthu. "Genital shedding and intrapartum transmission of HIV-1 /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10956.

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25

Yao, Felix Caspar. "Investigation on the risk of viral infection in musculoskeletal grafts." University of Western Australia. School of Surgery, 2010. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0068.

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[Truncated abstract] Around 50,000 hip and knee replacements are performed every year in Australia and this number has been increasing by around 13% annually since 1998 (Transplantation Society 2006). The incidence and number of revision surgery has increased by a similar proportion. Autogenous bone or allograft is still the gold standard grafting material and is currently used in a variety of reconstructive surgical procedures. The use of any allograft material carries with it the risk of transfer of disease from donor to recipient. These tissues can transmit the same viral and bacterial infe

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26

Bernit-Roubira, Marie-Noe͏̈lle. "Clostridium difficile et infection par le V. I. H." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11115.

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27

Matsukura, Motoi. "Highly active anti-retroviral therapy and liver mitochondrial toxicity in human immunodeficiency virus / hepatitis C virus co-infection." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2517.

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Background: A third of HIV-infected patients are co-infected with HCV in the developed world, and more of co-infected patients than ever before are dying because of liver related diseases today. Drug-related hepatotoxicity is a growing concern among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) / hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infected population. Nucleotide analogues containing HIV antiretroviral therapy, namely highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), can induce mitochondrial toxicity. However, little is known about the effect of nucleotide analogues on the liver at the cellular and molecular level,

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28

Pacaud, Luc. "Infections génitales basses et infection par le VIH: étude d'une cohorte prospective de 79 patientes." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR23087.

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29

Simmonds, Peter. "Detection of antibody responses to infection with herpes simplex virus and human immunodeficiency virus." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26933.

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30

Casper, Thierry. "Les infections disséminées à amibes libres chez les sujets infectés par le VIH : à propos d'une observation." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11029.

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31

Auma, Ann Winniefred Nangobi. "THE IMPACT OF DIRECT-ACTING ANTI-VIRAL THERAPY ON NAIVE CD4+ T CELL LYMPHOPENIA AND CELLULAR IMMUNE ACTIVATION IN HCV INFECTION AND HCV/HIV CO-INFECTION." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1625764728651756.

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32

Fields, Maria. "Homeostasis and function of Regulatory T Cells during Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1408709850.

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33

Judge, Chelsey J. "IL-7-MEDIATED CD56BRIGHT NK CELL FUNCTION IS IMPAIRED IN HCV IN PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF CONTROLLED HIV INFECTION, WHILE CD14BRIGHTCD16- MONOCYTES NEGATIVELY CORRELATE WITH CD4 MEMORY T CELLS AND HCV DECLINE DURING HCV-HIV CO-INFECTION." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1481187921533387.

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34

Ybanez, Sophie. "Prévalence et caractéristiques de la douleur au cours de l'infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine : étude transversale auprès de 249 patients suivis en ambulatoire." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2M161.

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35

Gomez-Thomé, Françoise. "Polymyosite et infection par le VIH ( a propos d'une observation) revue de la littérature." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25114.

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36

Powell, Eleanor A. "Viral Factors Associated with Occult HBV in HIV-positive South Africans." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439561912.

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37

Gathogo, Esther Nyanganyi. "Kidney transplantation in HIV infection." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/kidney-transplantation-in-hiv-infection(ed4dd7e7-0b1e-4d71-a548-ae78a3476864).html.

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The prognosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been dramatically improved over the years owing to more widespread access and earlier use of antiretroviral drug therapy. Consequently, HIV-positive patients are no longer dying from AIDS related illnesses but increasingly are experiencing non-infectious complications such as end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The prevalence of ESKD among 7,307 black HIV-positive patients in the UK CHIC cohort increased from 0.44% in 2000/2001 to 1.09% in 2010/2011. Kidney transplantation was increasingly used to treat ESKD. Among those suitable for transpl

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38

Strain, Matthew Carl. "Spatiotemporal dynamics of HIV infection /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3070990.

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39

Hawkins, Anna Elizabeth. "The detection and analysis of hepatitis B virus genome variation and its use in clinical studies." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243553.

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40

Martin, Quigley Christina M. "Characterization of Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection in HIV-Positive Individuals." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1307441402.

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41

James, Katherine Louise. "Viral genetics of HIV-2 infection." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:68ba022d-62e4-4cb1-8032-085ea5240b98.

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HIV-2 is a contemporary human retrovirus with the majority of infections localised to West Africa. Both HIV-1 and HIV-2 are able to cause AIDS; however, in contrast to HIV-1 infection, a common outcome following HIV-2 infection (&Tilde; 37&percnt; of patients in this study cohort) is long-term non-progression (LTNP), where patients remain aviraemic and asymptomatic in the absence of treatment, often for decades. HIV-1 and HIV-2 both arose following zoonotic transmission of SIVs from non-human primates at around the beginning of the 20<sup>th</sup> century and when patients develop AIDS caused

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42

Bezerra, Leila Maria Machado. "PrevalÃncia de co-infecÃÃo pelos vÃrus linfotrÃpico de cÃlulas T humanas do adulto â HTLV e vÃrus da imunodeficÃncia adquirida â HIV, no CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2003. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7673.

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No Brasil vÃrios estudos demonstraram prevalÃncia de coinfecÃÃo pelos vÃrus linfotrÃpico de cÃlulas T humanas â HTLV e vÃrus da imunodeficiÃncia humana â HIV, dentre grupos especÃficos de indivÃduos, que variou de 0,58% a 11,4%. O CearÃ, segundo dados anteriores, representa dentre os Estados do Nordeste, uma Ãrea de baixa endemicidade para a infecÃÃo pelos vÃrus HTLV. Este estudo tem por objetivo estudar aspectos clÃnicos e epidemiolÃgicos da coinfecÃÃo por HTLV e HIV, em Hospital de referÃncia para tratamento de pacientes com HIV do CearÃ. Este estudo Ã descritivo, do tipo transversal, realiz

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43

Fabian, Jasmin [Verfasser], and Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Wölfl. "Impact of HBV and HCV Infection on TGF-beta signaling / Jasmin Fabian ; Betreuer: Stefan Wölfl." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1177888939/34.

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44

Nelson, Patrick William. "Mathematical models of HIV pathogenesis and immunology /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6783.

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45

Mitamona, Jean. "Histoire naturelle de l'infection par le VIH1 dans une cohorte de patients noirs africains suivis à Bordeaux : conséquences et recommandations cliniques et thérapeutiques." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M076.

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46

Masson, Lindi. "The impact of sexually transmitted infections and inflammation in the female genital tract and blood on susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and disease progression." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18609.

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Background. In sub-Saharan Africa, which has the highest prevalence of HIV-1 worldwide, most newHIV-1 infections occur by sexual transmission to women. Recent studies in non-human primates have demonstrated that pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the genital tract is necessary for immune cell recruitment and establishment of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection following vaginal inoculation. The aims of this study were to evaluate the relationships between inflammation in the female genital tract and (i) susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and (ii) subsequent disease progression in

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47

Lindström, Anna. "Resistance to antiviral drugs in HIV and HBV /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-239-X/.

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48

Rocafort, Juncà Muntsa. "Gut microbiome in HIV-1 infection." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666775.

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Una vegada el Virus de la Immunodeficiència Humana tipus 1 (en anglès HIV-1) infecta l’organisme hoste es produeix una ràpida i severa destrucció del teixit limfoide associat a tracte gastrointestinal que inclou, entre d’altres, significants pèrdues cel·lulars del sistema immunitari i epitelial de l’hoste. Seguidament es produeix un increment de la permeabilitat de la paret intestinal que permet la translocació microbiana. Així i doncs, productes i cèl·lules microbianes que normalment queden confinats i controlats dins la llum intestinal ara poden travessar l’epiteli intestinal i entrar en cir

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Nilsson, Jakob. "On the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-824-X/.

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Enting, Roeline Henny. "Neurological manifestations of HIV-1 infection." Rotterdam : Amsterdam : R.H.Enting ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2000. http://dare.uva.nl/document/56445.

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