Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Multiple levels of abstraction'
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1
Steininger, Thomas. "Automated assertion transformation across multiple abstraction levels." kostenfrei, 2009. https://mediatum2.ub.tum.de/node?id=676680.
2
Esen, Volkan. "A new assertion language covering multiple levels of abstraction." kostenfrei, 2008. http://mediatum2.ub.tum.de/doc/644594/644594.pdf.
3
Monsalve, Carlos. "Representation of business processes at multiple levels of abstraction (strategic, tactical and operational) during the requirements elicitation stage of a software project, and the measurement of their functional size with ISO 19761." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2012. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1098/1/MONSALVE_Carlos.pdf.
Abstract:
Cette thèse vise d’abord à apporter une aide et un soutien aux ingénieurs de logiciels et aux analystes d’affaires afin qu’ils puissent mieux modéliser les processus d’affaires lorsque ces modèles sont destinés à la spécification des exigences logicielles et assignées à la mesure de la taille fonctionnelle à la seule fin que ces personnes puissent estimer correctement tout projet. Quant à la thèse, elle-même, elle vise un but précis: contribuer à la représentation des processus d'affaires lorsqu’ils sont utilisés au moment de la phase d'«élicitation» des exigences logicielles.
Pour atteindre ce but, deux objectifs de recherche ont été clairement définis:
1. Proposer une nouvelle approche de modélisation qui génère des modèles de processus d’affaires qui doivent être utilisés dans une activité d’«élicitation» des exigences logicielles. Mentionnons que l'approche de modélisation ne devrait pas augmenter de manière significative la complexité des notations graphiques utilisées pour représenter les processus d'affaires, pour peu que cette approche doive permettre la participation active des différents acteurs impliqués dans un projet de logiciel typique pour représenter, de façon cohérente et structurée, leurs besoins et leurs contraintes.
2. Élaborer une «procédure» afin de pouvoir mesurer la taille fonctionnelle d’une application logicielle à partir des modèles de processus d’affaires. Cette «procédure» de mesure doit respecter la norme COSMIC ISO 19761; cette marche à suivre doit pouvoir être appliquée indépendamment de la notation graphique utilisée pour représenter les processus d'affaires.
Afin d’atteindre le premier objectif, cette thèse propose une nouvelle approche de modélisation (surnommée BPM+) qui offre la possibilité de modéliser des processus d’affaires selon trois niveaux d'abstraction: 1) le niveau stratégique, 2) le niveau tactique et 3) le niveau opérationnel. À partir d’une revue de la littérature, une version a priori de BPM+ a été conçue. Cette version a priori a été ensuite améliorée à la suite d’une étude de cas dans le milieu industriel. Cette dernière est devenue plus performante lorsque nous l’avons soumise aux analyses ontologiques pour l’ensemble des concepts des exigences logicielles et que des enquêtes scientifiques ont été élaborées auprès d’experts concernés. Finalement, une version révisée du BPM+ a été proposée. Cette version révisée a été par la suite évaluée par une deuxième étude de cas. La version finale de BPM+ a donc été fondée sur plusieurs confirmations et preuves obtenues à partir de diverses sources.
Quant au second objectif, la «procédure» de mesure a été élaborée à partir d’une comparaison analytique entre les spécifications de COSMIC et celles des notations graphiques sélectionnées pour cette recherche (i.e. BPMN et Qualigram). Cette comparaison a permis de définir un ensemble de lignes directrices de modélisation pour le type de logiciels d’affaires. La comparaison analytique a permis également de définir un ensemble de règles de correspondance entre les concepts des notations graphiques et les concepts de COSMIC. En outre, les lignes directrices de modélisation ont été adaptées pour le type de logiciels en temps réel. La «procédure» de mesure a été évaluée en comparant ses résultats à ceux qui ont été obtenus dans des études de cas de référence.
Les résultats obtenus par cette recherche démontrent ce qui suit:
1. BPM+ permet de générer des modèles de processus d’affaires qui représentent, de façon cohérente et structurée, les besoins des différents acteurs impliqués;
2. La notation Qualigram est mieux adaptée à la conception de BPM+. De surcroît, la notation Qualigram est plus facile d’utilisation pour les parties prenantes qui ne sont pas impliquées en informatique, tandis que BPMN est plus facile pour celles qui sont impliquées en informatique;
3. La «procédure» de mesure a été appliquée avec succès en utilisant deux différentes notations graphiques: Qualigram et BPMN. Celle-ci a également été mis en application avec succès à deux types différents de logiciels: le type de logiciels d'affaires et le type de logiciels en temps réel;
4. La précision de la «procédure» de mesure a été en conformité avec toutes les règles de la norme ISO /IEC 19761.
4
Zhang, Liang. "Design Verification for Sequential Systems at Various Abstraction Levels." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26053.
Abstract:
With the ever increasing complexity of digital systems, functional verification has become a daunting task to circuit designers. Functional verification alone often surpasses 70% of the total development cost and the situation has been projected to continue to worsen. The most critical limitations of existing techniques are the capacity issue and the run-time issue. This dissertation addresses the functional verification problem using a unified approach, which utilizes different core algorithms at various abstraction levels. At the logic level, we focus on incorporating a set of novel ideas to existing formal verification approaches. First, we present a number of powerful optimizations to improve the performance and capacity of a typical SAT-based bounded model checking framework. Secondly, we present a novel method for performing dynamic abstraction within a framework for abstraction-refinement based model checking. Experiments on a wide range of industrial designs have shown that the proposed optimizations consistently provide between 1-2 orders of magnitude speedup and can be extremely useful in enhancing the efficacy of existing formal verification algorithms. At the register transfer level, where the formal verification is less likely to succeed, we developed an efficient ATPG-based validation framework, which leverages the high-level circuit information and an improved observability-enhanced coverage to generate high quality validation sequences. Experiments show that our approach is able to generate high quality validation vectors, which achieve both high tag coverage and high bug coverage with extremely low computational cost.Ph. D.
5
Dresch, Deise. "How labelling objects at different levels of abstraction influence object categorization." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-opus-84321.
6
Yan, Chang. "Neural Representation of Working Memory Contents at Different Levels of Abstraction." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22232.
Abstract:
Die Erforschung der neuronaler Grundlagen des Arbeitsgedächtnisses (WM) fand breite Aufmerksamkeit, konzentrierte sich aber auf die Speicherung sensorischer Inhalte. Beweise für die kurzfristige Aufrechterhaltung abstrakter, verbaler oder kategorischer Informationen sind selten. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Untersuchung der neuronalen Repräsentation von WM-Inhalten auf verschiedenen Abstraktionsebenen. Ich stelle hier drei empirische Studien vor, in denen fMRT, multivariate Musteranalyse oder probabilistische Modelle als Hauptmethoden eingesetzt wurden. Die erste Studie identifizierte kortikale Regionen, die den WM-Inhalt eines Skripts behielten. Chinesische Muttersprachler wurden gebeten, sich bekannte chinesische Zeichen zu merken, was die verbale Kodierung stark fördern. Die Ergebnisse zeigten links lateralisierte sprachbezogene Hirnareale als Kandidatenspeicher für verbale Inhalte. Die zweite und dritte Studie zielten darauf ab, die Hypothese zu testen, dass Farbe als eine Kombination aus einer visuellen Repräsentation und einer kategorischen Repräsentation gespeichert wird. Die zweite Studie verwendete ein sensorisches Kodierungsmodell und ein empirisch basiertes kategorisches Kodierungsmodell, um jeweils zwei Quellen neuronaler Repräsentationen zu charakterisieren. Farbinformationen wurden in drei farbbezogenen ROIs dekodiert: V1, V4, VO1, und insbesondere wurde eine Erhöhung der kategorischen Repräsentation in vorderen kortikalen Arealen beobachtet. In der dritten Studie wurde die verzögerte Verhaltensreaktion untersucht, die ein systematisches Bias-Muster zeigte; es wurde ein probabilistisches Dual-Content-Modell implementiert, das ein mit den experimentellen Ergebnissen hoch korreliertes Antwortmuster erzeugte; dies bestätigte die Hypothese der mnemonischen Dual-Content Repräsentation. Diese Studien zusammen schlagen eine Arbeitsteilung entlang der rostro-kaudalen Achse des Gehirns, die auf der Abstraktionsebene der gespeicherten Inhalte basiert.Research on the neural basis of working memory (WM) has received broad attention but has focused on storage of sensory content. Evidence on short-term maintenance of abstract verbal or categorical information is scarce. This thesis aims to investigate neural representation of WM content at different levels of abstraction. I present here three empirical studies that employed fMRI, multivariate pattern analysis or probabilistic modeling as major methods. The first study identified cortical regions that retained WM content of a script. Native Chinese speakers were asked to memorize well-known Chinese characters which strongly facilitated verbal coding. Results indicated left lateralized language-related brain areas as candidate stores for verbal content. The second and the third studies aimed to test the hypothesis that color is memorized as a combination of the low-level visual representation and the abstract categorical representation. The second study utilized a conventional sensory encoding model and a novel empirical-based categorical encoding model to characterize two sources of neural representations. Color information was decoded in three color-related ROIs: V1, V4, VO1, and notably, an elevation in categorical representation was observed in more anterior cortices. In the third study, the delayed behavioral response was examined, which exhibited a systematic bias pattern; a probabilistic dual-content model was implemented, which produced response patterns highly correlated with experimental results; this confirmed the hypothesis of dual-content mnemonic representations. These studies together suggest a division of labor along the rostral-caudal axis of the brain, based on the abstraction level of memorized contents.
7
Gendrault, Yves. "Structuration d'un flot de conception pour la biologie synthétique." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01015878.
Abstract:
La biologie synthétique est une science issue du rapprochement entre les biotechnologies et les sciences pour l'ingénieur. Elle consiste à créer de nouveaux systèmes biologiques par une combinaison rationnelle d'éléments biologiques standardisés, découplés de leur contexte naturel. L'environnement, l'agroalimentaire et la santé figurent parmi ses principaux domaines d'application. Cette thèse s'est focalisée sur les aspects liés à la conception ex-vivo de ces biosystèmes artificiels. A partir des analogies réalisées entre les processus biologiques et certaines fonctions électroniques, l'accent a été mis sur la réutilisation et l'adaptation des outils de conception numériques, supportant l'approche de conception " top-down ". Ainsi, une adaptation complète des méthodes de CAO de la microélectronique a été mise en place pour la biologie synthétique. Dans cette optique, les mécanismes biologiques élémentaires ont été modélisés sous plusieurs niveaux d'abstraction, allant de l'abstraction numérique à des modèles flux de signal et des modèles conservatifs. Des modèles en logique floue ont aussi été développés pour faire le lien entre ces niveaux d'abstraction. Ces différents modèles ont été implémentés avec deux langages de description matérielle et ont été validés sur la base de résultats expérimentaux de biosystèmes artificiels parmi les plus avancés. Parallèlement au travail de formalisation des modèles destinés au flot de conception, leur amélioration a aussi été étudiée : la modélisation des interactions entre plusieurs molécules a été rendue plus réaliste et le développement de modèles de bruits biologiques a également été intégré au processus. Cette thèse constitue donc une contribution importante dans la structuration et l'automatisation d'étapes de conception pour les biosystèmes synthétiques. Elle a permis de tracer les contours d'un flot de conception complet, adapté de la microélectronique, et d'en mettre en évidence les intérêts.
8
Schneider, Joseph Paul. "Low-level estimation at high-levels of abstraction in system-level design." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.
9
Smajlovic, Emina, and Amina Krekic. "CONSISTENT INTEGRATION OF SYSTEM AND SOFTWARE MODELS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ABSTRACTION." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-41099.
Abstract:
Due to numerous domain needs, aspects and requirements, various preferences and diversity of organizations, development of complex embedded systems mostly requires using many different tools and modeling languages. Since corresponding data is repeated in multiple models, at different levels of abstraction and expressed in different modeling languages, it is very challenging to keep these models consistent and up to date as the system evolves. A case study from one of Volvo CE’s vehicles has been used to identify and investigate the relation between models in an actual case. With the aim of improving the development process of embedded systems, the gap between models describing different aspects of the system has been addressed. An existing example of one system function has been analyzed and discussed. SysML models and Simulink models of the function were examined in order to identify dependencies between them. After the dependencies were found, they have been generalized into a list of various dependency types. During the case study, it has been noticed that these models are not one-to-one related which makes the automatic conversion between them harder, and a number of gaps between SysML and Simulink models were identified. Further, possible ways of improvements are proposed in order to achieve a consistent integration of system and software models at different levels of abstraction.
10
Carter-Enyi, Aaron. "Contour Levels: An Abstraction of Pitch Space based on African Tone Systems." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461029477.
11
Yan, Chang [Verfasser]. "Neural Representation of Working Memory Contents at Different Levels of Abstraction / Chang Yan." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223452115/34.
12
Chun, Jae Uk. "Close and distant charismatic and contigent reward leadership multiple levels-of-management and multiple levels-of-analysis perspectives /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.
13
García, Ortiz Alberto [Verfasser]. "Stochastic Data Models for Power Estimation at High-Levels of Abstraction / Alberto García Ortiz." Aachen : Shaker, 2004. http://d-nb.info/1170544878/34.
14
Bernabe, Gisbert Jose Maria. "SUPPORTING MULTIPLE ISOLATION LEVELS IN REPLICATED ENVIRONMENTS." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/36535.
Abstract:
La replicación de bases de datos aporta fiabilidad y escalabilidad aunque hacerlo
de forma transparente no es una tarea sencilla. Una base de datos replicada es
transparente si puede reemplazar a una base de datos centralizada tradicional sin
que sea necesario adaptar el resto de componentes del sistema. La transparencia
en bases de datos replicadas puede obtenerse siempre que (a) la gestión de la
replicación quede totalmente oculta a dichos componentes y (b) se ofrezca la
misma funcionalidad que en una base de datos tradicional.
Para mejorar el rendimiento general del sistema, los gestores de bases de datos
centralizadas actuales permiten ejecutar de forma concurrente transacciones
bajo distintos niveles de aislamiento. Por ejemplo, la especificación del benchmark
TPC-C permite la ejecución de algunas transacciones con niveles de aislamiento
débiles. No obstante, este soporte todavía no está disponible en los
protocolos de replicación. En esta tesis mostramos cómo estos protocolos pueden
ser extendidos para permitir la ejecución de transacciones con distintos niveles
de aislamiento.Bernabe Gisbert, JM. (2014). SUPPORTING MULTIPLE ISOLATION LEVELS IN REPLICATED ENVIRONMENTS [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/36535
TESIS
15
Simpson, Lauree Smith. "Multiple intelligences and reading ability." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1159.
Abstract:
The following research focuses on intelligence as it relates to reading. To make reading possible for every child, varied reading materials, methods, and models must be available. Once these elements are in place for the potential reader, does intelligence make the difference in reading ability?
16
Chen, Liang [Verfasser], and M. B. [Akademischer Betreuer] Tahoori. "Soft Error Analysis and Mitigation at High Abstraction Levels / Liang Chen. Betreuer: M. B. Tahoori." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1074463692/34.
17
Breitenstein, Michael D. "Visual surveillance: dynamic behavior analysis at multiple levels." Konstanz Hartung-Gorre, 2009. http://d-nb.info/998664561/04.
18
Modarresi, Kourosh. "A local regularization method using multiple regularization levels /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
19
Burkhart, Craig. "Approval Voting Theory with Multiple Levels of Approval." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/hmc_theses/26.
Abstract:
Approval voting is an election method in which voters may cast votes for as many candidates as they desire. This can be modeled mathematically by associating to each voter an approval region: a set of potential candidates they approve. In this thesis we add another level of approval somewhere in between complete approval and complete disapproval. More than one level of approval may be a better model for a real-life voter's complex decision making. We provide a new definition for intersection that supports multiple levels of approval. The case of pairwise intersection is studied, and the level of agreement among voters is studied under restrictions on the relative size of each voter's preferences. We derive upper and lower bounds for the percentage of agreement based on the percentage of intersection.
20
Newton, Jason. "Identification of Multiple Levels of Trauma Induced Coagulopathy." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/528.
Abstract:
Trauma continues to be a major cause of death across the globe. While the exact causes of trauma differ greatly between the military and civilian lifestyles, the ability to stop bleeding after trauma is paramount for survival. Over the past decade coagulation research has transitioned from a classical understanding of plasma based protein coagulation to the current cell focused research. As part of this shift, platelets have become a central player in hemostasis. Unfortunately little is currently understood about how platelet function is affected by trauma. In an effort to better define platelet function during trauma and the resulting shock from exsanguination, a multipronged approach was developed. The hypothesis that the introduction of a state of clinical shock in a controlled environment would allow for an in-depth assessment of trauma-induced coagulopathy led to the development of a swine based model of hemorrhagic shock. In this model a composite injury consisting of soft tissue damage, long bone fracture, and controlled hemorrhage was used to induce a moderate state of hypovolemic shock. As a result of this injury the animals showed both the beginning of a plasma protein consumption coagulopathy as well as kinetic quickening in the clotting process. These surprising results show competing up-regulation and down-regulation of the coagulation system in response to trauma induced shock. To better define the effect of polytrauma on platelet function in a human population a clinical study was conducted. The hypothesis behind the development of this study was that the examination of platelet function during polytrauma would lead to a more complete understanding of the effects of trauma on hemostasis. This study resulted in the identification of two separate but not mutually exclusive coagulopathies in response to trauma. The first was the traditional consumption based coagulopathies recently suggested to be varying degrees of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. The second was a development a hypercoagulable state that may be attributed to increased platelet function. The identification of these two competing coagulopathies in separate models highlights the inadequacies of the current plasma based clinical testing, and the need for increased whole blood testing in the trauma treatment environment.
21
Aubin, Anisa. "Capacity Allocation for Emergency Surgical Scheduling with Multiple Priority Levels." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23311.
Abstract:
Emergency surgeries are serviced by three main forms of capacity: dedicated operating room time reserved for emergency surgeries, alternative (on call) capacity, and lastly, canceling of elective surgeries. The objective of this research is to model capacity implications of meeting wait time targets for multiple priority levels in the context of emergency surgeries. Initial attempts to solve the capacity evaluation problem were made using a non-linear optimisation model, however, this model was intractable. A simulation model was then used to examine the trade-off between additional dedicated operating room capacity (and consequent idle capacity) versus increased re-scheduling of elective surgeries while keeping reserved time for emergency surgeries low. Considered performance measures include utilization of operating room time, elective re-scheduling, and wait times by priority class. Finally, the instantaneous utilization of different types of downstream beds is determined to aid in capacity planning. The greatest number of patients seen within their respective wait time targets is achieved by a combination of additional on call capacity and a variation of the rule allowing low priority patients to utilize on call capacity. This also maintains lower cancelations of elective surgeries than the current situation. Although simulation does not provide an optimum solution it enables a comparison of different scenarios. This simulation model can determine appropriate capacity levels for servicing emergency patients of different priorities with different wait time targets.
22
Ding, Yingjia. "Knowledge retention with genetic algorithms by multiple levels of representation." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12052009-020026/.
23
Borchardt, Randy L. "Performance analysis of ALOHA networks utilizing multiple signal power levels/." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23348.
Abstract:
This thesis develops the theory needed to determine the throughput and average packet transfer delay of both slotted and unslotted ALOHA networks utilizing multiple received power levels to create beneficial power capture effects in environments where near perfect capture does not occur. The throughput achievable can be greatly increased when two received power levels are utilized. Use of more than two equally spaced power levels provides no significant improvement in the throughput achievable when realistic capture thresholds are considered. The pseudo-Bayesian algorithm used to stabilize slotted ALOHA networks is theoretically adapted to systems employing two power levels. Keywords: Packet communications; Throughput; Carrier sense multiple access; Communication networks; Theses; Radio broadcasting. (jd/rh)
24
Boulouta, Ioanna. "Corporate social responsibility : its rationale and impact at multiple levels." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609609.
25
Abalihi, Ogechi. "Effect of Multiple Entry Levels Into Nursing Practice and Professionalism." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7780.
Abstract:
Entry into professional nursing practice in the United States occurs at varied education levels including a diploma, an associate degree, and a baccalaureate degree. These multiple entry levels into practice create a situation where academic preparedness for nursing practice varies, which may influence the professional behavior of nurses and, consequently, patient care and outcomes. The purpose of this quantitative comparative study, guided by Miller's wheel of professionalism in nursing, was to determine if there is a difference in the professional behaviors of associate degree prepared registered nurses (RNs) compared to the professional behaviors of baccalaureate degree prepared RNs. The Behavior Inventory for Professionalism in nursing (BIPN) survey was emailed to RNs in Florida with a final sample size of 112 which yielded 56 in each group. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test. Results indicated a statistically significant difference in the means of total weighted scores of BIPN between the two groups of RNs in the state of Florida (p = 0.002; d = 0.58). These findings support studies that have addressed that the level of nursing education is an important factor of nursing professionalism. It would be worthwhile for the study to be replicated in other states. Such information can be used to support the rationale for a single-entry level into nursing practice at the baccalaureate degree level, which can lead to positive social change for the nursing profession.
26
Anjorin, Anthony [Verfasser], Andy [Akademischer Betreuer] Schürr, and Gabriele [Akademischer Betreuer] Taentzer. "Synchronization of Models on Different Abstraction Levels using Triple Graph Grammars / Anthony Anjorin. Betreuer: Andy Schürr ; Gabriele Taentzer." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1110981112/34.
27
Karlsson, Linnea. "A Division-of-Labor Hypothesis : Adaptations to Task Structure in Multiple-Cue Judgment." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Psychology, Umeå University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1327.
28
Papp, Laura V., and n/a. "Multiple Levels of Regulation of Human SECIS Binding Protein 2, SBP2." Griffith University. School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070208.145623.
Abstract:
Selenium is an essential trace mineral of fundamental importance to human health. Its beneficial functions are largely attributed to its presence within a group of proteins named selenoproteins in the form of the amino acid selenocysteine (Sec). Recently, it was revealed that the human selenoproteome consists of 25 selenoproteins, and for many of them their function remains unknown. The most prominent known roles of selenoproteins are to maintain the intracellular redox homeostasis, redox regulation of intracellular signalling and thyroid hormone metabolism. Sec incorporation into selenoproteins employs a unique mechanism that involves decoding of the UGA stop codon. The process requires interplay between distinct, intrinsic features such as the Sec Insertion Sequence (SECIS) element, the tRNASec and multiple protein factors. The work presented in this thesis has focused on characterising the regulation of human SECIS binding protein 2, SBP2, a factor central to this process. Experimental approaches combined with bioinformatics analysis revealed that SBP2 is subjected to alternative splicing. A total of nine alternatively spliced transcripts appear to be expressed in cells, potentially encoding five different protein isoforms. The alternative splicing events are restricted to the 5?-region, which is proposed to be dispensable for Sec incorporation. One of the variants identified, contains a mitochondrial targeting sequence that was capable of targetting SBP2 into the mitochondrial compartment. This isoform also appears to be expressed endogenously within the mitochondria in cells. Previous reports have depicted SBP2 as a ribosomal protein, despite the presence of a putative Nuclear Localisation Signal (NLS). In this study it was found that SBP2 subcellular localisation is not restricted to ribosomes. Intrinsic functional NLS and Nuclear Export Signals (NESs), enable SBP2 to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm via the CRM1 pathway. In addition, the subcellular localisation of SBP2 appears to play an important role in regulating Sec incorporation into selenoproteins. The subcellular localisation of SBP2 is altered by conditions imposing oxidative stress. Several oxidising agents induce the nuclear accumulation of SBP2, which occurs via oxidation of cysteine residues within a novel redox-sensitive cysteine rich domain (CRD). Cysteine residues were to form disulfide bonds and glutathione-mixed disulfides during oxidising conditions, which are efficiently reversed in vitro by the thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems, respectively. These modifications negatively regulate selenoprotein synthesis. Cells depleted of SBP2 are more sensitive to oxidative stress than control cells, which correlated with a substantial decrease in selenoprotein synthesis after treatment with oxidising agents. These results provide direct evidence that SBP2 is required for Sec incorporation in vivo and suggest that nuclear sequestration of SBP2 under such conditions may represent a mechanism to regulate the expression of selenoproteins. Collectively, these results suggest that SBP2 is regulated at multiple levels: by alternative splicing, changes in subcellar localisation and redox control.
29
Baetz, Kristin Kitty. "Multiple levels of regulation of the G(1) transcription factor SBF." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0015/NQ53798.pdf.
30
Murry, William D. "Leader-member exchange and work value congruence : a multiple levels approach /." Diss., This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-172103/.
31
Wei, Terence. "The role of the neuroendocrine axis in multiple sclerosis." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389374.
32
Wong, Amy NL 1980. "Reduced levels of brain gamma-aminobutyric acid in patients with multiple sclerosis." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98521.
Abstract:
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure relative GABA concentration in the brains of patients with MS. It was hypothesized that microglial activation in MS cortex and presumed associated stripping of GABAergic synapses would be associated with a lowering of GABA concentration.Twelve patients with MS (six relapsing remitting, six secondary progressive) and five healthy control subjects were examined using a GABA-optimized STEAM sequence on a scanner operating at 3.0 tesla. A volume of 2 cm x 3 cm x 3 cm including posterior cingulate and occipital cortex was chosen. GABA/Cr was reduced by approximately 50% in patients with MS with respect to healthy control subjects. This was true for relapsing remitting patients with short duration disease, as well as secondary progressive patients with longstanding disease. NA/Cr, Ino/Cr and GABA/NA were decreased, while Glu/Cr was increased in patients with respect to normal controls.
These observations are consistent with a specific effect of MS on GABAergic interneurons. The fact that this occurs early in the disease suggests that a reduction in GABAergic inhibition may initially be part of a neuroprotective response.
33
Schmitz, Gerd [Verfasser]. "Shaping motor behavior on multiple levels by modifying perceptual settings / Gerd Schmitz." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1172414130/34.
34
Elmansy, Dalia F. "Computational Methods to Characterize the Etiology of Complex Diseases at Multiple Levels." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1583416431321447.
35
Grové, Adri-Susan. "Teamwork in 21st century South African organisations understanding the expectations on multiple levels /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06102008-140851.
36
Taşkın, Z. Caner. "Algorithms for solving multi-level optimization problems with discrete variables at multiple levels." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024784.
37
Sherry, Dylan J. (Dylan Jacob). "FlexGP 2.0 : multiple levels of parallelism in distributed machine learning via genetic programming." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85498.
Abstract:
Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 105-107).
This thesis presents FlexGP 2.0, a distributed cloud-backed machine learning system. FlexGP 2.0 features multiple levels of parallelism which provide a significant improvement in accuracy v.s. elapsed time. The amount of computational resources in FlexGP 2.0 can be scaled along several dimensions to support large, complex data. FlexGP 2.0's core genetic programming (GP) learner includes multithreaded C++ model evaluation and a multi-objective optimization algorithm which is extensible to pursue any number of objectives simultaneously in parallel. FlexGP 2.0 parallelizes the entire learner to obtain a large distributed population size and leverages communication between learners to increase performance via transferral of search progress between learners. FlexGP 2.0 factors training data to boost performance and enable support for increased data size and complexity. Several experiments are performed which verify the efficacy of FlexGP 2.0's multilevel parallelism. Experiments run on a large dataset from a real-world regression problem. The results demonstrate both less time to achieve the same accuracy and overall increased accuracy, and illustrate the value of FlexGP 2.0 as a platform for machine learning.
by Dylan J. Sherry.
M. Eng.
38
Vo, Duc An. "An operational architecture to handle multiple levels of representation in agent-based models." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066629.
Abstract:
La modélisation à base d’agent (MBA) est une approche de modélisation qui peut être considérée comme un croisement réussi entre la modélisation individu-centrée, qui tire son origine de modèles en écologie, et la programmation orientée objet (POO), provenant, elle, de l’informatique. Comme la première, elle vise à construire des modèles génératifs où le comportement général du modèle est le résultat des interactions entre ses composants; comme la seconde, elle permet de construire des modèles de façon modulaire et progressive, facilitant leur conception et leur réutilisation par les modélisateurs. En revanche, elle hérite aussi des limites de ses deux ancêtres, en particulier l’absence d’abstractions dédiées à la représentation et à la gestion de plusieurs niveaux d’abstraction dans un même modèle. Je décris dans ma thèse une proposition conceptuelle et opérationnelle qui introduit la possibilité de représentation multi-niveaux dans une approche de modélisation purement à base d’agents. Cette proposition consiste en une évolution du méta-modèle généralement associée à la MBA et une implémentation de ce méta-modèle dans le noyau de la plate-forme GAMA (accompagné d’un enrichissement du langage GAML). Contrairement aux contributions similaires proposées dans la littérature, qui sont, soit purement conceptuelles, soit spécifiques à un domaine d’application, celle que je propose est générique, entièrement implémentée et immédiatement réutilisable par des modélisateurs. Actuellement, elle est déjà utilisée dans la conception de plusieurs modèles à grande échelle. Ma contribution a donc été formalisée après une analyse exhaustive des besoins des modélisateurs travaillant sur les modèles à base d’agent multi-niveaux et dans le souci de leur fournir des abstractions réutilisables et génériques. Etant donné que les méta-modèles MBA actuels suivent les principes de la POO (i. E. , un modèle étant un ensemble de “classes” d’agents qui fournissent à ces derniers des attributs et des opérations, et qui peuvent être spécialisées par héritage entre ces “classes”), j’ai proposé une extension de ce méta-modèle qui intègre et généralise les notions suivantes: la description d’une relation d’“hôte” entre “classes” en plus de celle de l’héritage, la description explicite de “populations” d’agents (instances de la même “classe” appartiennent au même hôte), la possibilité d’associer une échelle temporelle et spatiale à chaque “classe”, et l’ajout d’un opérateur de “migration” entre les populations pour compléter l’“instanciation”. Ce méta-modèle a été implémenté dans une plate-forme open-source, GAMA, initialement développée en 2006 comme une extension de la plate-forme Repast avec le support explicite des systèmes d’information géographique (SIG). J’ai complètement refactorisé le méta-modèle de GAMA et enrichi son langage de modélisation, GAML, afin de le rendre capable de supporter le développement de modèle à base d’agent multi-niveaux. Cette évolution (1) permet aux modélisateurs de représenter plusieurs niveaux d’organisations et leurs dynamiques dans les modèles, (2) leur permet de procéder méthodologiquement de façon “bottom-up” à l’introduction de capacités “multi-niveaux” dans des modèle “mono-niveau”, sans casser ou même changer le modèle initial, (3) ne remet pas en cause les concepts fondamentaux de la MBA, car le méta-modèle classique de la MBA devient un sous-ensemble particulier de ma proposition. Cette nouvelle architecture a été validée avec succès au cours de l’élaboration, par des modélisateurs indépendants, de deux modèles multi-niveaux sur la plate-forme GAMA: le premier concerne l’organisation des évacuations en réponse à une alerte au tsunami dans une ville côtière du centre du Vietnam, le second traite de l’évaluation des politiques de lutte contre les invasions de ravageurs du riz dans la région du delta du Mékong. Le développement de plusieurs nouveaux modèles, ainsi qu’un portage du méta-modèle à d’autres plate-formes, sont actuellement à l’étudeAgent-based modeling (ABM) is a modeling approach that can be viewed as a successful crossbreeding of Individual-Based Modeling (IBM), originated in Ecology, and Object- Oriented Programming (OOP), originated in Computer Science. Like the former, it aims at building generative models where the general behavior of the model is the result of the interactions between its components; like the latter, it allows building these models in a modular and incremental way, promising reusability and flexibility to the modelers. However, it also inherits some of the limits of its two ancestors, in particular the absence of dedicated abstractions for handling more than one level of representation at once in a same model. I describe in my thesis a conceptual and fully operational proposal to support multiple levels of representation within a pure agent-based modeling approach. This proposal consists in an evolution of the meta-model usually associated with ABM and an implementation of this meta-model in the kernel of the GAMA platform (along an enrichment of the GAML language). Contrary to similar contributions found in the literature, which are either purely conceptual or specific to one application domain, the one I propose is generic, completely implemented and immediately reusable by modelers. As a matter of fact, it is already in use in several large-scale models. My contribution has been formalized after a careful analysis of the requirements of modelers working on multi-level agent-based models and a specific attention to providing them with reusable and generic abstractions. Given that most of the existing ABM meta- models follow the principles of OOP (i. E. A model being a set of “classes” allowing building “instances” of agents, providing them with attributes and operations, and allowing specialization through inheritance between “classes”), I have proposed an extension of this meta-model that integrates and generalizes the following notions: description of a “host” relationship between “classes” in addition to inheritance, explicit description of the “populations” of agents (instances of the same “class” that belong to the same host), possibility to attach a temporal and spatial scale to each “class”, and addition of a primary operator of “migration” between “populations” to complement “instantiation”. This meta-model has been implemented in an open-source agent-based modeling platform, GAMA, initially developed in 2006 as an extension of the Repast platform with explicit support for geographical information. I completely re-factored the meta-model of GAMA and enriched its modeling language in order to make it capable of supporting the development of multi-level agent-based models. This evolution (1) allows modelers to represent multi-level organizations and their dynamics as first-class citizens in their model; (2) allows them to proceed methodologically in a bottom-up fashion, adding multi-level capabilities to existing “single-level” models without breaking or even changing the initial model; (3) does not break the core concepts of ABM, as the “classic” ABM meta-model is still a subset of my proposal. This new architecture has been extensively and successfully validated during the course of the development, by independent modelers, of two multi-level agent-based models on the GAMA platform: the first one concerning the organization of evacuations in response to a tsunami warning in a Vietnamese coastal city, the second one dealing with the assessment of policies against the invasions of rice pests in the Mekong delta region. The development of several new models, as well as a porting of the meta-model to other environments, is under consideration at the time of this writing
39
Shapla, Tanweer J. "INFERENCE OF ATTRIBUTABLE RISK FOR MULTIPLE EXPOSURE LEVELS UNDER CROSS-SECTIONAL SAMPLING DESIGN." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1148489335.
40
Inyim, Peeraya. "Time, Cost, and Environmental Impact Analysis for Sustainable Design at Multiple Building Levels." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1800.
Abstract:
Construction projects are complex endeavors that require the involvement of different professional disciplines in order to meet various project objectives that are often conflicting. The level of complexity and the multi-objective nature of construction projects lend themselves to collaborative design and construction such as integrated project delivery (IPD), in which relevant disciplines work together during project conception, design and construction. Traditionally, the main objectives of construction projects have been to build in the least amount of time with the lowest cost possible, thus the inherent and well-established relationship between cost and time has been the focus of many studies. The importance of being able to effectively model relationships among multiple objectives in building construction has been emphasized in a wide range of research. In general, the trade-off relationship between time and cost is well understood and there is ample research on the subject. However, despite sustainable building designs, relationships between time and environmental impact, as well as cost and environmental impact, have not been fully investigated.
The objectives of this research were mainly to analyze and identify relationships of time, cost, and environmental impact, in terms of CO2 emissions, at different levels of a building: material level, component level, and building level, at the pre-use phase, including manufacturing and construction, and the relationships of life cycle cost and life cycle CO2 emissions at the usage phase. Additionally, this research aimed to develop a robust simulation-based multi-objective decision-support tool, called SimulEICon, which took construction data uncertainty into account, and was capable of incorporating life cycle assessment information to the decision-making process. The findings of this research supported the trade-off relationship between time and cost at different building levels. Moreover, the time and CO2 emissions relationship presented trade-off behavior at the pre-use phase. The results of the relationship between cost and CO2 emissions were interestingly proportional at the pre-use phase. The same pattern continually presented after the construction to the usage phase. Understanding the relationships between those objectives is a key in successfully planning and designing environmentally sustainable construction projects.
41
Beamer, Paloma, Walter Klimecki, Miranda Loh, Horne Yoshira Van, Anastasia Sugeng, Nathan Lothrop, Dean Billheimer, et al. "Association of Children’s Urinary CC16 Levels with Arsenic Concentrations in Multiple Environmental Media." MDPI AG, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/617372.
Abstract:
Arsenic exposure has been associated with decreased club cell secretory protein (CC16) levels in adults. Further, both arsenic exposure and decreased levels of CC16 in childhood have been associated with decreased adult lung function. Our objective was to determine if urinary CC16 levels in children are associated with arsenic concentrations in environmental media collected from their homes. Yard soil, house dust, and tap water were taken from 34 homes. Urine and toenail samples were collected from 68 children. All concentrations were natural log-transformed prior to data analysis. There were associations between urinary CC16 and arsenic concentration in soil (b = -0.43, p = 0.001, R-2 = 0.08), water (b = -0.22, p = 0.07, R-2 = 0.03), house dust (b = -0.37, p = 0.07, R-2 = 0.04), and dust loading (b = -0.21, p = 0.04, R-2 = 0.04). In multiple analyses, only the concentration of arsenic in soil was associated with urinary CC16 levels (b = -0.42, p = 0.02, R-2 = 0.14 (full model)) after accounting for other factors. The association between urinary CC16 and soil arsenic may suggest that localized arsenic exposure in the lungs could damage the airway epithelium and predispose children for diminished lung function. Future work to assess this possible mechanism should examine potential associations between airborne arsenic exposures, CC16 levels, lung function, and other possible confounders in children in arsenic-impacted communities.
42
Manchester, Julianne. "Factors influencing evaluation scope of coalitions on formative to summative levels." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1177688215.
43
Olsson, Anna-Carin. "Factors Shaping Process and Representation in Multiple-Cue Judgment." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Dept. of psychology, Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-264.
44
Crawford, Ken. "Evolving performance measurement to address environmental change in service utilities at multiple organisational levels." Thesis, Ulster University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633034.
Abstract:
In the highly competitive business world performance measurement is important for all businesses to the extent that performance measurement is developing into an industry (Moullin, 2007). This is also true within the electricity supply sector where the added restriction of regulation and legislation from the UK and EU create additional pressures on performance measurement. These external pressures impact on strategic planning by limiting or introducing additional competition to drive or focus attention on some areas. This research will investigate evolving performance measurement to address environmental change in service utilities at multiple organisational levels. It will help expose what utility organisations measure and how measures cascaded throughout the business. The aim of the research is to explore how organisational performance models, methods and measurements within utility organisations evolve at all management levels, in line with the rapidly changing environment conditions. The research will adopt both an inductive and deductive theory building approach, leading to the development of a conceptual model and recommendations. The study will be based within the Northern Ireland electricity utility and will examine cases throughout the electricity supply chain. This research will explore the evolution of performance measurement within regulated multilevel organisations. It will examine performance measurement systems employed, and determine if these systems can evolve as the external environment changes. The research will examine how regulation affects the strategic making process. Internally strategic objectives have to be dissected and translated into divisional and individual performance measures. The research will expose enablers and inhibitors to performance measurement, cascade measures, strategy formulation and performance goals.
45
Humphries, Mark Daniel. "The basal ganglia and action selection : a computational study at multiple levels of description." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269305.
46
Chaudhry, Omair. "Modelling geographic phenomena at multiple levels of detail : a model generalisation approach based on aggregation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2385.
Abstract:
Considerable interest remains in capturing once geographical information at the fine scale, and from this, automatically deriving information at various levels of detail and scale via the process of map generalisation. This research aims to develop a methodology for transformation of geographic phenomena at a high level of detail directly into geographic phenomena at higher levels of abstraction. Intuitive and meaningful interpretation of geographical phenomena requires their representation at multiple levels of detail. This is due to the scale dependent nature of their properties. Prior to the cartographic portrayal of that information, model generalisation is required in order to derive higher order phenomena typically associated with the smaller scales. This research presents a model generalisation approach able to support the derivation of phenomena typically present at 1:250,000 scale mapping, directly from a large scale topographic database (1:1250/1:2500/1:10,000). Such a transformation involves creation of higher order or composite objects, such as settlement, forest, hills and ranges, from lower order or component objects, such as buildings, trees, streets, and vegetation, in the source database. In order to perform this transformation it is important to model the meaning and relationships among source database objects rather than to consider the object in terms of their geometric primitives (points, lines and polygons). This research focuses on two types of relationships: taxonomic and partonomic. These relationships provide different but complimentary strategies for transformation of source database objects into required target database objects. The proposed methodology highlights the importance of partonomic relations for transformation of spatial databases over large changes in levels of detail. The proposed approach involves identification of these relationships and then utilising these relationships to create higher order objects. The utility of the results obtained, via the implementation of the proposed methodology, is demonstrated using spatial analysis techniques and the creation of ‘links’ between objects at different representations needed for multiple representation databases. The output database can then act as input to cartographic generalisation in order to create maps (digital or paper). The results are evaluated using manually generalised datasets.
47
Almaguer-Kalixto, Patricia Eugenia. "The politics of sustainable development : Analysing exclusion at multiple levels in the environmental policy process." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502563.
Abstract:
This thesis examines the political process through which sustainable development is promoted and applied. It asks why policies designed at global or regional levels with claims to environmental concerns fail to tackle environmental degradation on a local scale. It seeks to analyse how the dynamics of exclusion within the policy process marginalise the environmental sustainability agenda at different policy levels. Based on a political ecology approach, the thesis contributes to knowledge on environmental policy processes by analysing weaknesses in the creation, design and implementation of environmental warrants. In this thesis, a warrant is considered to be a safeguard that gives reliable or formal assurance, guarantee or security concerning a policy decision that has been taken. The analysis ranges from the macro level, where the policy framework is discursively framed and contested by groups with antagonistic claims, to the meso level where the policy framework is shaped by techno-bureaucratic practices, to the micro level where the environmental challenges of project implementation are contrasted with the regional policy framework. The thesis investigates these processes within the context of the Mesoamerican Sustainable Development Initiative (MSDI) of the Puebla Panama Plan (PPP), a regional development strategy which has been implemented since 2001 in Central America and southern Mexico. The analysis focuses on an area under environmental stress where a project supported by the PPP appears to add to already unsustainable processes of environmental change. The modernisation of Dos Bocas port in Paraiso, in the State ofTabasco, Mexico, a project located at a site of considerable environment fragility, was selected as the location of the case study. The research fmds that although the MSDI is a fIrst step towards fostering environmental sustainability in the region, the environment, claims and interests of local stakeholders are systematically marginalised. This is through exclusionary deliberative practices operating at the three different policy levels, leading to a weak environmental warrant for the PPP infrastructure projects.
48
Schepke, Claudio. "Exploiting multiple levels of parallelism and online refinement of unstructured meshes in atmospheric model application." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/65632.
Abstract:
Previsões meteorológicas para longos períodos de tempo estão se tornando cada vez mais importantes. A preocupação mundial com as consequências da mudança do clima tem estimulado pesquisas para determinar o seu comportamento nas próximas décadas. Ao mesmo tempo, os passos necessários para definir uma melhor modelagem e simulação do clima e/ou tempo estão longe da precisão desejada. Aumentar o refinamento da superfície terrestre e, consequentemente, aumentar o número de pontos discretos (utilizados para a representação da atmosfera) na modelagem climática e precisão das soluções computadas é uma meta que está em conflito com o desempenho das aplicações numéricas. Aplicações que envolvem a interação de longos períodos de tempo e incluem um grande número de operações possuem um tempo de execução inviável para as arquiteturas de computadores tradicionais. Para superar esta situação, um modelo climatológico pode adotar diferentes níveis de refinamento da superfície terrestre, utilizando mais pontos discretos somente em regiões onde uma maior precisão é requerida. Este é o caso de Ocean-Land-AtmosphereModel, que permite o refinamento estático de uma determinada região no início da execução do código. No entanto, um refinamento dinâmico possibilitaria uma melhor compreensão das condições climáticas específicas de qualquer região da superfície terrestre que se tivesse interesse, sem a necessidade de reiniciar a execução da aplicação. Com o surgimento das arquiteturas multi-core e a adoção de GPUs para a computação de propósito geral, existem diferentes níveis de paralelismo. Hoje há paralelismo interno ao processador, entre processadores e entre computadores. Com o objetivo de extrair ao máximo a performance dos computadores atuais, é necessário utilizar todos os níveis de paralelismo disponíveis durante o desenvolvimento de aplicações concorrentes. No entanto, nenhuma interface de programação paralela explora simultaneamente bem os diferentes níveis de paralelismo existentes. Baseado neste contexto, esta tese investiga como explorar diferentes níveis de paralelismo em modelos climatológicos usando interfaces clássicas de programação paralela de forma combinada e como é possível prover refinamento de malhas em tempo de execução para estes modelos. Os resultados obtidos a partir de implementações realizadas mostraram que é possível reduzir o tempo de execução de uma simulação atmosférica utilizando diferentes níveis de paralelismo, através do uso combinado de interfaces de programação paralela. Além disso, foi possível prover maior desempenho na execução de aplicações climatológicas que utilizam refinamento de malhas em tempo de execução. Com isso, uma malha de maior resolução para a representação da atmosfera terrestre pode ser adotada e, consequentemente, as previsões numéricas serão mais precisas.Weather forecasts for long periods of time has emerged as increasingly important. The global concern with the consequences of climate changes has stimulated researches to determine the climate in coming decades. At the same time the steps needed to better defining the modeling and the simulation of climate/weather is far of the desired accuracy. Upscaling the land surface and consequently to increase the number of points used in climate modeling and the precision of the computed solutions is a goal that conflicts with the performance of numerical applications. Applications that include the interaction of long periods of time and involve a large number of operations become the expectation for results infeasible in traditional computers. To overcome this situation, a climatic model can take different levels of refinement of the Earth’s surface, using more discretized elements only in regions where more precision are required. This is the case of Ocean-Land- Atmosphere Model, which allows the static refinement of a particular region of the Earth in the early execution of the code. However, a dynamic mesh refinement could allow to better understand specific climatic conditions that appear at execution time of any region of the Earth’s surface, without restarting execution. With the introduction of multi-core processors and GPU boards, computers architectures have many parallel layers. Today, there are parallelism inside the processor, among processors and among computers. In order to use the best performance of the computers it is necessary to consider all parallel levels to distribute a concurrent application. However, nothing parallel programming interface abstracts all these different parallel levels. Based in this context, this thesis investigates how to explore different levels of parallelism in climatological models using mixed interfaces of parallel programming and how these models can provide mesh refinement at execution time. The performance results show that is possible to reduce the execution time of atmospheric simulations using different levels of parallelism, through the combined use of parallel programming interfaces. Higher performance for the execution of atmospheric applications that use online mesh refinement was also provided. Therefore, more mesh resolution to describe the Earth’s atmosphere can be adopted, and consequently the numerical forecasts are more accurate.
49
Escalante, Talavera Juan M. "ESL Students' Reading Behaviors on Multiple-Choice Items at Differing Proficiency Levels: An Eye-Tracking Study." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7424.
Abstract:
Theorists have been concerned with the overlap of reading and problem solving for at least a century (Thorndike 1917, 1973-1974; Sternberg & Frensch, 2014). Various reading models have been proposed including bottom-up and top-down reading processing (Goodman, 1972; Gough, 1972). In second language literature, theorists have further noted that reading consists of strategic, purposeful, and interactive processes (Grabe, 2009). In test taking situations, problem solving is important because it can compensate for students' language proficiencies. In spite of research showing the use of problem solving in reading, less is known about how learners actually read and problem solve in test-taking situations. This study centers around Khalifa, Weir and colleagues' model for cognitive processing in reading (Weir, Hawkey, Green, Unaldy, & Devi, 2009) in combination with eye-tracking technology in order to examine how ESL readers employ careful and expeditious reading. Data were gathered from 50 students attending a university sponsored Intensive English Program. Participants read eight validated reading comprehension items at varying difficulty levels while their eye movements were recorded. Results indicate that student level may not be a factor in how carefully and expeditiously a student reads. However, statistical analyses suggest that text difficulty may be a factor in how carefully students read.
50
Lee, Sun Hye. "Corporate social responsibility failure in offshore outsourcing relationships : explicating the phenomenon through multiple levels of analysis." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/101266/.
Abstract:
Firms are facing challenges in managing corporate social responsibility (henceforth CSR) in their offshore outsourcing relationships and often fail to meet the ever increasing expectations from stakeholders. The main cause of these challenges stems from the complexity of offshore outsourcing. This thesis attempts to advance understandings of the mechanisms through which key relevant factors operate and interact to influence CSR performance outcomes. Three pieces of research taking different approaches embedded in multiple theories and levels of analysis are presented. Paper 1 advances the theoretical understanding of firm performance outcomes in cross-border inter-organisational relationships, mainly informed by institutional theory, resource dependence theory, and relational view. By specifically looking at CSR in offshore outsourcing relationships, the study enables prediction of CSR performance outcomes under institutional and inter-organisational differences. Paper 2 empirically studies a specific type of CSR failure, corporate social irresponsibility (henceforth CSiR) exposed by the media. Using an extensive amount of longitudinal data, the study demonstrates that CSR performance is an outcome of the interactions between the way firms are perceived by key stakeholders and attention to the subject matter. The paper contributes to the attention-based view, the theoretical underpinning of the paper, by separating out depth and breadth of attention conceptually and empirically. Paper 3 narrows down the sectoral context of the study to the retail industry considering its representativeness in the subject matter. Drawing on resource dependence theory, the study provides conceptual insights into a shifting paradigm from dyadic to trilateral governance. The findings of the three studies examining an identical phenomenon, but adopting different approaches and research tools, suggest CSR performance outcomes are formulated by internal and external contextual conditions and firms’ strategic choices. Overall the thesis contributes to our understanding of CSR in offshore outsourcing by unravelling the mechanisms through which these crucial factors work.