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Books on the topic 'Multiple memory systems'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Beninger, Richard J. Multiple memory systems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824091.003.0004.

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Multiple memory systems describes how memories can be declarative or non-declarative; incentive learning produces one type of non-declarative memory. Patients with bilateral hippocampal damage have declarative memory deficits (amnesia) but intact non-declarative memory; patients with striatal dysfunction, for example, Parkinson’s patients who lose striatal dopamine have impaired incentive learning but intact declarative memory. Rats with lesions of the fornix (hippocampal output pathway), but not lesions of the dorsal striatum, have impaired spatial (declarative) memory; rats with lesions of t

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2

Stacy, Alan W., and Reinout W. Wiers. An implicit cognition, associative memory framework for addiction. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780198569299.003.0002.

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This chapter outlines a framework that applies basic research on implicit cognition and associative memory to addictive behaviours. The framework helps provide a basis for continued development of cognitive theories of addiction, and suggests how the approach can foster prevention and cessation efforts. Findings and theories from neural systems, memory, implicit processes and addiction research are considered in an attempt to derive basic principles for the framework. Measurement domains are briefly summarized. Concepts from this framework are compared with related ideas, from expectancy and c

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3

Menon, Vinod. Arithmetic in the Child and Adult Brain. Edited by Roi Cohen Kadosh and Ann Dowker. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642342.013.041.

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This review examines brain and cognitive processes involved in arithmetic. I take a distinctly developmental perspective because neither the cognitive nor the brain processes involved in arithmetic can be adequately understood outside the framework of how developmental processes unfold. I review four basic neurocognitive processes involved in arithmetic, highlighting (1) the role of core dorsal parietal and ventral temporal-occipital cortex systems that form basic building blocks from which number form and quantity representations are constructed in the brain; (2) procedural and working memory

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Han, Shihui. Cultural differences in non-social neural processes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198743194.003.0003.

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Chapter 3 presents a theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between sociocultural experience and cognition, and for explanation of the differences in cognition and behavior between East Asian and Western cultures. It further reviews cultural neuroscience findings that uncover common and distinct neural underpinnings of cognitive processes in individuals from Western and East Asian cultures. Cross-cultural brain imaging findings have shown evidence for differences in brain activity between East Asian and Western cultures involved in perception, attention, memory, causality jud

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Beninger, Richard J. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824091.003.0001.

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The Introduction provides a brief overview of the book. The central theme is dopamine-mediated reward-related incentive learning—the acquisition by neutral stimuli of an increased ability to elicit approach and other responses. The brain has multiple memory systems defined as “declarative” and “non-declarative”; incentive learning produces one form of non-declarative memory. Once incentive learning is established it is gradually lost when the rewarding stimulus is no longer available or when dopamine function is reduced. Decreases in dopaminergic neurotransmission may produce inverse incentive

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6

Allen, Colin, Peter M. Todd, and Jonathan M. Weinberg. Reasoning and Rationality. Edited by Eric Margolis, Richard Samuels, and Stephen P. Stich. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195309799.013.0003.

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The article explores five parts of Cartesian thought that include individualism, internalism, rationalism, universalism, and human exceptionalism demonstrating the philosophical and psychological theories of rationality. Ecological rationality comes about through the coadaptation of minds and their environments. The internal bounds comprising the capacities of the cognitive system can be shaped by evolution, learning, or development to take advantage of the structure of the external environment. The external bounds, comprising the structure of information available in the environment, can be s

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7

Nobre, Anna C. (Kia), and M.-Marsel Mesulam. Large-scale Networks for Attentional Biases. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.035.

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Selective attention is essential for all aspects of cognition. Using the paradigmatic case of visual spatial attention, we present a theoretical account proposing the flexible control of attention through coordinated activity across a large-scale network of brain areas. It reviews evidence supporting top-down control of visual spatial attention by a distributed network, and describes principles emerging from a network approach. Stepping beyond the paradigm of visual spatial attention, we consider attentional control mechanisms more broadly. The chapter suggests that top-down biasing mechanisms

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8

Beninger, Richard J. Life's rewards. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824091.001.0001.

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Life’s Rewards: Linking Dopamine, Incentive Learning, Schizophrenia, and the Mind explains how increased brain dopamine produces reward-related incentive learning, the acquisition by neutral stimuli of increased ability to elicit approach and other responses. Dopamine decreases may produce inverse incentive learning, the loss by stimuli of the ability to elicit approach and other responses. Incentive learning is gradually lost when dopamine receptors are blocked. The brain has multiple memory systems defined as “declarative” and “non-declarative;” incentive learning produces one form of non-de

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9

Dening, Karen Harrison. Dementia, multimorbidity, and frailty. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806677.003.0006.

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Increasing age is the strongest risk factor for developing dementia, frailty, and other co-morbid conditions. Dementia is not a disease in itself but a syndrome; a collection of symptoms: such as a decline in memory, reasoning, and communication skills, and a gradual loss of skills needed to carry out daily living activities. Whereas frailty is a distinctive health state in which multiple body systems gradually lose their in-built reserves. However, often ‘layered’ on these two may also be several other conditions that coexist within an individual. There is a growing body of evidence to suppor

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10

Nielsen, Tore. Microdream Neurophenomenology. Edited by Kalina Christoff and Kieran C. R. Fox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.11.

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The fleeting dream images of sleep onset afford a rare glimpse at how experience is transformed from the perceptually grounded consciousness of wakefulness to the hallucinatory simulations of dreaming. These images, or microdreams, are briefer, simpler, and more accessible to phenomenological scrutiny than are the long REM dreams traditionally recorded in the sleep lab. This chapter shows that a focus on microdream phenomenology has thus far contributed to (1) developing a classification system for dreaming’s core phenomenology (Windt`s oneiragogic spectrum), (2) establishing a structure for a

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11

Wada-Marciano, Mitsuyo. A Dialogue with “Memory” in Hou Hsiao-hsien’s Café Lumière(2003). Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190254971.003.0005.

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The chapter analyzes the sense of “Japanese” in the film Café Lumière, in other words, the fact that many of the Japanese audience felt that it was a “Japanese film.” The “Japaneseness” of course did not simply occur at the site of reception but was also embedded as a strategic commodity, produced by multiple Japanese companies: Shôchiku, Asahi Newspaper, Sumitomo Corp., Satellite Theater, and IMAGICA. Hou states in an interview, “The theme of the film had already been decided from the beginning, and I was requested to make a Japanese film.” The chapter views the film as a success in creating

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12

Hodgkiss, Andrew. Psychiatric consequences of cancer treatments: ‘small molecule’ molecularly targeted agents. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759911.003.0008.

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The psychiatric consequences of a range of small-molecule, molecularly targeted systemic treatments for cancer are reviewed. Psychopathology may arise from the endocrine complications of VEGFR/multiple TK inhibitors. The mechanisms by which PI3K/AKT inhibition and proteasome inhibition can provoke anxiety and depressive phenomena in animals and humans are discussed. PARP-1 inhibition impairs memory acquisition in animal models and is neuroprotective. PARP-2 inhibitors display anti-neuroinflammatory properties in mice. The cognitive enhancing, mood stabilizing, and neuroprotective effects of HD

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13

Brooker, Paul, and Margaret Hayward. GM: Sloan’s My Years With General Motors. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825395.003.0002.

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Sloan’s classic management-text memoir and more recent sources reveal his use of all six rational methods during his 1920s enhancement of General Motors. The key methods were, first, his emphasis on innovative adaptation, which restructured General Motors into multiple operating divisions; second, his emphasis on strategically calculated marketing, which pioneered annual model changes, automobile styling, and style-based advertising; third, his emphasizing of institutionalized deliberation through a multi-tiered committee system to enhance policy-making. CEO Sloan’s use of these rational metho

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14

Altink, Henrice. Public Secrets. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789620009.001.0001.

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Informed by Critical Race Theory and based on a wide range of sources, including official sources, memoirs, and semi-autobiographical fiction, this book examines multiple forms of racial discrimination in Jamaica and how they were talked about and experienced from the end of the First World War until the demise of democratic socialism in the 1980. Case studies on, amongst others, the labour market, education, the family and legal system will demonstrate the extent to which race and colour shaped social relations in the island in the decades preceding and following independence and convey that

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15

Callison, Candis, and Mary Lynn Young. Reckoning. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190067076.001.0001.

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The book is about how journalists know what they know, who gets to decide what good journalism is, and how we know when it’s done right. Until a couple decades ago, these questions were rarely asked by journalists. When journalists were questioned by malcontented publics and critics about how they were doing journalism, these questions were easily ignored. Now, if you’re on social media, you’re likely to see multiple critiques of journalism on a daily basis. It seems not only convenient but pragmatic to give most of the credit to digital technologies and/or market failure for how relationships

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