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Journal articles on the topic 'Opioid drug addiction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

Yang, Zhaolin. "Opioid-Induced Neuroplasticity: Insights from Animal Models." Communications in Humanities Research 40, no. 1 (2024): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/40/20242277.

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Synaptic plasticity is defined as the modification of the transmission of synapses. It has been proven to be strongly associated with learning. Thus, drug-evoked synaptic plasticity in brain reward circuits can establish persistent learning of addictive drugs, reflecting the neural basis underlying addiction. The mesolimbic dopamine pathway has been widely indicated to be strongly associated with opioid use disorder (OUD) and other drug addictions. The paper focuses on discussing the drug-evoked neural plasticity underlying two important stages called intoxication and withdrawal which are crit

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Praveen, Kumar Mishra* Swati Khare Dr. Jitendra Banweer. "Impact of Opioid Toxicity on Workplace Productivity." International Journal of Scientific Research and Technology 2, no. 5 (2025): 401–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15426428.

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Opioids are derived from opiates they include also synthetic and semi-synthetic drugs. Opioids have both recreational and medical uses. Opioid abuse is a worldwide problem with numerous and increasing mortality due to overdose. Opioids act on the opiate receptors as a potent mu receptor agonist resulting in a complex intracellular signals leading to dopamine release causing euphoria, and pain signal blocking. In cases of overdose, there is an excessive effect on respiratory center, resulting in respiratory depression and eventually death. Opioids can lower the perception of pain and in some ca

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Evans, Christopher J., and Catherine M. Cahill. "Neurobiology of opioid dependence in creating addiction vulnerability." F1000Research 5 (July 19, 2016): 1748. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8369.1.

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Opioid drugs are potent modulators of many physiological and psychological processes. When given acutely, they can elicit the signature responses of euphoria and analgesia that societies have coveted for centuries. Repeated, or chronic, use of opioids induces adaptive or allostatic changes that modify neuronal circuitry and create an altered normality — the “drug-dependent” state. This state, at least that exhibited by those maintained continuously on long-acting opioid drugs such as methadone or buprenorphine, is generally indistinguishable from the drug-naïve state for most overt behaviors.

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Collen, Mark. "Opioid Contracts and Random Drug Testing for People with Chronic Pain — Think Twice." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 37, no. 4 (2009): 841–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2009.00455.x.

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It is common for physicians who prescribe opioids for chronic pain to have their patients sign an opioid contract (OC) in order to receive opioid therapy. A vast majority of these contracts contain a stipulation requiring patients to submit to random drug testing (RDT) which screens for both licit and illicit drugs. Physicians who prescribe opioids may be concerned about prosecution and disciplinary actions; medication abuse and misuse; and addiction. Steven Passik et al. write, “…physicians still fear the risk of abuse or addiction as well as the potential legal consequences of their prescrib

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Bechara, Antoine, Kent C. Berridge, Warren K. Bickel, Jose A. Morón, Sidney B. Williams, and Jeffrey S. Stein. "A Neurobehavioral Approach to Addiction: Implications for the Opioid Epidemic and the Psychology of Addiction." Psychological Science in the Public Interest 20, no. 2 (2019): 96–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1529100619860513.

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Two major questions about addictive behaviors need to be explained by any worthwhile neurobiological theory. First, why do people seek drugs in the first place? Second, why do some people who use drugs seem to eventually become unable to resist drug temptation and so become “addicted”? We will review the theories of addiction that address negative-reinforcement views of drug use (i.e., taking opioids to alleviate distress or withdrawal), positive-reinforcement views (i.e., taking drugs for euphoria), habit views (i.e., growth of automatic drug-use routines), incentive-sensitization views (i.e.

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Le Merrer, Julie, Jérôme A. J. Becker, Katia Befort, and Brigitte L. Kieffer. "Reward Processing by the Opioid System in the Brain." Physiological Reviews 89, no. 4 (2009): 1379–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00005.2009.

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The opioid system consists of three receptors, mu, delta, and kappa, which are activated by endogenous opioid peptides processed from three protein precursors, proopiomelanocortin, proenkephalin, and prodynorphin. Opioid receptors are recruited in response to natural rewarding stimuli and drugs of abuse, and both endogenous opioids and their receptors are modified as addiction develops. Mechanisms whereby aberrant activation and modifications of the opioid system contribute to drug craving and relapse remain to be clarified. This review summarizes our present knowledge on brain sites where the

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Yang, Junzhi, Bianca Reilly, Thomas Davis, and Patrick Ronaldson. "Modulation of Opioid Transport at the Blood-Brain Barrier by Altered ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter Expression and Activity." Pharmaceutics 10, no. 4 (2018): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10040192.

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Opioids are highly effective analgesics that have a serious potential for adverse drug reactions and for development of addiction and tolerance. Since the use of opioids has escalated in recent years, it is increasingly important to understand biological mechanisms that can increase the probability of opioid-associated adverse events occurring in patient populations. This is emphasized by the current opioid epidemic in the United States where opioid analgesics are frequently abused and misused. It has been established that the effectiveness of opioids is maximized when these drugs readily acce

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Hieu, Dang Minh, Benjamin Gray, Dang Minh Tuan, and Benjamin P. Colman. "Facing drug addiction: Vietnam’s struggle with opioids." Drug Science, Policy and Law 7 (January 2021): 205032452110349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503245211034934.

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Drug addiction is a historical issue in Vietnam. Although Vietnam has a long history as a producer of opium poppies and crossroads for the illicit drug trade, it is now has some of the most stringent drug laws in the world. Vietnam has shown some success in reducing the production, trade, and transportation of narcotics. There has also been a shift in the attitudes of lawmakers and government authorities toward viewing drug abuse as a health problem rather than a social vice. Educating and encouraging citizens to collaboratively reduce drug use has also proven effective. However, despite these

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Yan, Y., and E. Gutkevich. "Differences in addictive beliefs in people with psychostimulant addiction and in opioid addicts." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (2022): S818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2117.

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Introduction Today, a number of researchers consider the problem of addictive behavior as one of the most global problems for Kazakhstan and Russia. Some scientists consider CBT to be the most effective way to work with addictions. In our country there are no scientific works devoted to the study of addictive beliefs, so we decided to conduct such a study Objectives The Objective of the study was to identify the characteristic addictive beliefs of drug addicts with different type of addiction: opioids and synthetic cathinones (designer drugs called “salts”, “bath salts”) Methods Questionnaire

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Rezaeifar, Alireza, and Fatemeh Dahmardeh. "The Effect of OPRM1 rs648893 Gene Polymorphism on Opioid Addiction in an Iranian population in Zabol: A Case-Control Study." International Journal of Basic Science in Medicine 4, no. 4 (2019): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijbsm.2019.04.

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Introduction: Opioid addiction (OA) is a neurologically life-threatening challenge associated with socioeconomic and health concerns for individuals and society. The addictive drugs trigger neuromodulators and neurotransmitters through the opioid receptors and corresponding endogenous peptide ligands. In addition, drug addiction is reportedly related to the mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) encoding gene and its variants. According to the role of the rs648893 polymorphism of the OPRM1 gene in numerous disorders, it has been suggested as a candidate associated with drug addiction. The present case-con

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Deng, Liyun, Lining Wu, Rui Gao, Xiaolin Xu, Chan Chen, and Jin Liu. "Non-Opioid Anesthetics Addiction: A Review of Current Situation and Mechanism." Brain Sciences 13, no. 9 (2023): 1259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13091259.

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Drug addiction is one of the major worldwide health problems, which will have serious adverse consequences on human health and significantly burden the social economy and public health. Drug abuse is more common in anesthesiologists than in the general population because of their easier access to controlled substances. Although opioids have been generally considered the most commonly abused drugs among anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists, the abuse of non-opioid anesthetics has been increasingly severe in recent years. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the clinical s

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Bijal Dharmesh Shah, Ronak Prakashchandra Gandhi, Darshan Narendra Lalwani, Pratik Sanjeev Bankhele, and Priyanka Dattatraya Pathak. "Opioids today: From pharmacology to crisis management and emerging solutions." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 20, no. 3 (2024): 677–86. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2024.20.3.1030.

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Background: Opioids are a critical component in managing moderate to severe pain, especially in conditions like cancer and post-surgical recovery. However, their use is accompanied by significant risks, including tolerance, dependence, and addiction, which have contributed to a global opioid crisis. The need for safer pain management strategies and regulatory measures has never been more pressing. Main body: This review provides a comprehensive overview of opioid pharmacology, focusing on the most commonly prescribed opioids and their mechanisms of action. The clinical significance of various

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Olivia, Xu, and Wang Jingping. "The Opioid Epidemic: Misuse, Tolerance and Addiction." International Journal of Anesthesiology and Pain Research 2, no. 1 (2020): 01–02. https://doi.org/10.36811/ijapr.2020.110003.

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In 2017, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services declared what became known as the opioid crisis, to be a public health emergency. The origin of this epidemic dates back to the 1990s, where pharmaceutical companies initially began reassuring medical professionals that prescribing opioid pain relievers would pose no risk to patients in need. Subsequently, providers began to gradually administer opioids in greater doses, which eventually resulted in widespread misuse of the drug. When it finally became clear that opioids could become dangerously addictive, it was already too late. &ldqu

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Bond, Alyson J., and John Witton. "Perspectives on the Pharmacological Treatment of Heroin Addiction." Clinical Medicine Insights: Psychiatry 8 (January 1, 2017): 117955731773732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179557317737322.

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Opioids are very addictive drugs because of their powerful effects on reward and pain pathways in the brain. Opioid addiction is currently a worldwide problem and injecting heroin presents serious health risks including death from overdose. The increase in the nonmedical use of prescription opioids and the increase in overdose deaths are worrying trends in North America. There is therefore an increasing need for access to effective treatments. The 2 major drug treatments, methadone and buprenorphine, have proven efficacy but are not necessarily administered in the most effective doses or under

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Pieters, Toine. "The Imperative of Regulation: The Co-Creation of a Medical and Non-Medical US Opioid Crisis." Psychoactives 2, no. 4 (2023): 317–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives2040020.

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The ravaging COVID-19 pandemic has almost pushed into oblivion the fact that the United States is still struggling with an immense addiction crisis. Drug overdose deaths rose from 16,849 in 1999 to nearly 110,000—of which an estimated 75,000 involved opioids—in 2022. On a yearly basis, the opioid casualty rate is higher than the combined number of victims of firearm violence and car accidents. The COVID-19 epidemic might have helped to worsen the addiction crisis by stimulating drug use among adolescents and diverting national attention to yet another public health crisis. In the past decade,

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Gunderson, Keegan, Faith Oldenburg, Sudeep Bhattacharyay, and Sanchita Hati. "Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms That Govern Opioid Potency Through a Course-embedded Computational Research Project." American Journal of Undergraduate Research, no. 22 (June 30, 2025): 3–12. https://doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2025.137.

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In recent decades awareness surrounding the class of drugs known as opioids has risen due to what many have termed the “opioid epidemic.” Rates in opioid-related drug overdoses have spiked due to increased opioid addiction and the illegal lacing of illicit drugs, such as marijuana, with opioid compounds like fentanyl, increasing their potency. Coexisting with the devastating realities of overdose and addiction, however, is the clinical demand for these drugs and their potency to manage extreme pain. Herein, we describe the results of a course-embedded computational research project to understa

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Isnain, Mohd Dzulkifli, Nor Hafizah Mohamed Harith, and Ahmad Naqiyuddin Bakar. "A Systematic Literature Review on the Predictors of Drug Abuse, Substance Use, and Opioid Misuse among Adolescents." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 9, SI22 (2024): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v9isi22.5804.

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Opioid misuse and dependence on prescribed opioids have strong link with drug addiction prevalence among adolescents. To gather evidence on the predictors of substance use, opioid abuse, and misuse of prescribed opioids, a systematic literature review was conducted covering articles published between 2016-2022. Of the 31 included articles, descriptively, substance use was considered as the dependent outcome in most of the studies (n = 15), compared to opioid misuse (n = 11), and prescription opioid misuse (n = 5). Resultantly, the common factors for substance use, opioid abuse, and misuse of p

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Isnain, Mohd Dzulkifli, Nor Hafizah Mohamed Harith, and Ahmad Naqiyuddin Bakar. "A Systematic Literature Review on the Predictors of Drug Abuse, Substance Use, and Opioid Misuse among Adolescents." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 9, SI20 (2024): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v9isi20.5804.

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Opioid misuse and dependence on prescribed opioids have strong link with drug addiction prevalence among adolescents. To gather evidence on the predictors of substance use, opioid abuse, and misuse of prescribed opioids, a systematic literature review was conducted covering articles published between 2016-2022. Of the 31 included articles, descriptively, substance use was considered as the dependent outcome in most of the studies (n = 15), compared to opioid misuse (n = 11), and prescription opioid misuse (n = 5). Resultantly, the common factors for substance use, opioid abuse, and misuse of p

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Manchikanti, Laxmaiah. "Therapeutic Opioids: A Ten-Year Perspective on the Complexities and Complications of the Escalating Use, Abuse, and Nonmedical Use of Opioids." Pain Physician 2s;11, no. 3;2s (2008): S63—S88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2008/11/s63.

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Therapeutic opioid use and abuse coupled with the nonmedical use of other psychotherapeutic drugs has shown an explosive growth in recent years and has been a topic of great concern and controversy. Americans, constituting only 4.6% of the world’s population, have been consuming 80% of the global opioid supply, and 99% of the global hydrocodone supply, as well as two-thirds of the world’s illegal drugs. With the increasing therapeutic use of opioids, the supply and retail sales of opioids are mirrored by increasing abuse in patients receiving opioids, nonmedical use of other psychotherapeutic

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McDonough, MBBS, Mike, Jacinta L. Johnson, PhD, Jason M. White, PhD, and Femke T. A. Buisman-Pijlman, PhD. "Measuring opioid dependence in chronic pain patients: A comparison between addiction clinic and pain clinic patient populations." Journal of Opioid Management 15, no. 4 (2019): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jom.2019.0514.

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Objective: To compare dependence characteristics between patients with chronic pain treated within an addiction medicine setting with those attending specialist pain clinics.Setting and patients: Forty patients with chronic non-cancer pain taking opioid analgesics for 1 year were recruited from university-affiliated, tertiary teaching hospital clinics; 20 from an addiction medicine clinic (addiction clinic group) and 20 from specialist pain clinics (pain clinic group).Design and main outcome measures: Data regarding demographics, past and current substance use, pain history and current daily o

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Pustovaya, A., Y. Yan, and E. Gutkevich. "Features of addictive beliefs with different types of addictions." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (2022): S813—S814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2105.

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Introduction Today, a number of researchers consider the problem of addictive behavior as one of the most global problems for Kazakhstan and Russia. Some scientists consider CBT to be the most effective way to work with addictions. In our country there are no scientific works devoted to the study of addictive beliefs, so we decided to conduct such a study. Objectives The Objective of the study was to identify the characteristic addictive beliefs of drug addicts with different type of addiction: opioids and synthetic cathinones (designer drugs called “salts”, “bath salts”). Methods Questionnair

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Mazzeo, Filomena, Rosaria Meccariello, and Ezia Guatteo. "Molecular and Epigenetic Aspects of Opioid Receptors in Drug Addiction and Pain Management in Sport." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 9 (2023): 7831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24097831.

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Opioids are substances derived from opium (natural opioids). In its raw state, opium is a gummy latex extracted from Papaver somniferum. The use of opioids and their negative health consequences among people who use drugs have been studied. Today, opioids are still the most commonly used and effective analgesic treatments for severe pain, but their use and abuse causes detrimental side effects for health, including addiction, thus impacting the user’s quality of life and causing overdose. The mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic circuitry represents the brain circuit mediating both natural rewards a

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Gupta, Ashim, Abdalla Bowirrat, Luis Llanos Gomez, et al. "Hypothesizing in the Face of the Opioid Crisis Coupling Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) Testing with Electrotherapeutic Nonopioid Modalities Such as H-Wave Could Attenuate Both Pain and Hedonic Addictive Behaviors." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 1 (2022): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010552.

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In the United States, amid the opioid overdose epidemic, nonaddicting/nonpharmacological proven strategies are available to treat pain and manage chronic pain effectively without opioids. Evidence supporting the long-term use of opioids for pain is lacking, as is the will to alter the drug-embracing culture in American chronic pain management. Some pain clinicians seem to prefer classical analgesic agents that promote unwanted tolerance to analgesics and subsequent biological induction of the “addictive brain”. Reward genes play a vital part in modulation of nociception and adaptations in the

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Wang, Xiaqing, Chongyu Bao, Zhenjiang Li, Lupeng Yue, and Li Hu. "Side Effects of Opioids Are Ameliorated by Regulating TRPV1 Receptors." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4 (2022): 2387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042387.

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Humans have used opioids to suppress moderate to severe pain for thousands of years. However, the long-term use of opioids has several adverse effects, such as opioid tolerance, opioid-induced hyperalgesia, and addiction. In addition, the low efficiency of opioids in controlling neuropathic pain limits their clinical applications. Combining nonopioid analgesics with opioids to target multiple sites along the nociceptive pathway may alleviate the side effects of opioids. This study reviews the feasibility of reducing opioid side effects by regulating the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1

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Tapan, Kumar Mahato, Kumar Ojha Sunil, Singh Vishwakarma, and Pratap Singh Parihar Surendra. "Addiction withdrawal syndrome: Needs medications, education, counselling & support." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 12, no. 2 (2021): 143–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5716634.

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Addiction is a feel good or euphoria like condition which is commonly associated with drug abuse (opioid & non-opioid), alcohol and nicotine intake. There are many reasons behind a man gets addicted to these substances such as recreation purpose, drugs used for long time for treatment of any disorder and gets addicted, unemployment, stress, emotions, professional pressure and social status. It provides enjoyable feelings which results in creating a strong urge to use the substances again and again. These drugs can cause physical dependence or psychological dependence or both. Over time, dr

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Sussex, Roland D. "‘Opioid’, opioids, pain, language and communication." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 50, no. 1-2 (2022): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x211068043.

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Over the last decades public discussion of opioids has changed radically. Opioid was once a word largely restricted to professional medical and pharmacological use for the treatment and management of pain. But propelled by the rapidly growing international wave of opioid use and overuse, it is now part of a much wider public discussion that covers more than pain medicine: dependency, addiction, over-prescription and oversupply, recreational drug use, and criminal drug trafficking. The word opioid is now controversial and value-laden. A key component of the developing views and values about opi

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Asfiya Ather, Syed Muhammd Akram Hamdani, and Hina Tariq Jan. "Frequency of Relapse Rate after Treatment of Patients Addicted with Drugs Abuse (Opioids)." Indus Journal of Bioscience Research 3, no. 2 (2025): 355–61. https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i2.622.

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Objectives: frequency of relapse rate after treatment of patients addicted with drugs abuse (Opioids). Methodology: This descriptive study at CMH Lahore included 60 patients aged 18–60 years with a history of opioid addiction. Data on demographics, addiction history, and relapse, defined as re-use of opioids after detoxification and three months of treatment, were collected using a structured proforma. Patients were followed for three months post-treatment to record relapse occurrences and associated factors. Results: Of 60 patients revealed a relapse rate of 53.3% following opioid detoxificat

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Vaishali, Shinde N.V. Thorat. "Review on Opioid Addiction and Therapy." International Journal of Pharma Research and Technology 1, no. 2 (2022): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7467643.

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The primary pharmacotherapies for treating opioid addiction are covered in this article. Treatment options include quick detoxification methods, buprenorphine, adrenergic agonists such clonidine and lofexidine, and detoxification utilising tapering methadone. Methadone is most frequently used in opioid maintenance therapy (OMT). Also mentioned is OMT using additional opioid agonists, buprenorphine, or buprenorphine with naloxone. The usage of oral and sustained-release naltrexone formulations for relapse prevention as well as the opioid antagonists naloxone (for the treatment of intoxication a

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Dembek, Zygmunt F., Tesema Chekol, and Aiguo Wu. "The Opioid Epidemic: Challenge to Military Medicine and National Security." Military Medicine 185, no. 5-6 (2020): e662-e667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz487.

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Abstract Introduction We examine the current status of the military relevance of opioids, their use and misuse in military and veteran populations, the national security consequences of opioid use in our military age population, public health implications, and military, veteran, and government solutions for opioid addiction. Materials and Methods A literature search of recent published research, federal government, and related open source materials was conducted using PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar, and all materials retrieved were manually identified, screened, and evaluated for inclusion

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Rivas, Samantha R., Alex C. Tessner, and Eli E. Goldwyn. "Calculating prescription rates and addiction probabilities for the four most commonly prescribed opioids and evaluating their impact on addiction using compartment modelling." Mathematical Medicine and Biology: A Journal of the IMA 38, no. 2 (2021): 202–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imammb/dqab001.

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Abstract In 2016, more than 11 million Americans abused prescription opioids. The National Institute on Drug Abuse considers the opioid crisis a national addiction epidemic, as an increasing number of people are affected each year. Using the framework developed in mathematical modelling of infectious diseases, we create and analyse a compartmental opioid-abuse model consisting of a system of ordinary differential equations. Since $40\%$ of opioid overdoses are caused by prescription opioids, our model includes prescription compartments for the four most commonly prescribed opioids, as well as

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Samoilov, Lucy, and Claire P. Browne. "The role of medical cannabis in the opioid crisis." University of Western Ontario Medical Journal 87, no. 1 (2018): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/uwomj.v87i1.1895.

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Opioid use increased dramatically in the 1990s upon introduction of newer, more relaxed regulations. As opioid prescriptions for pain increased, a parallel increase in opioid abuse and addiction occurred; this phenomenon is widely known as the opioid crisis. Cannabis had long been considered a recreational drug until legislation in 2001 allowed highly limited access to the drug for medicinal purposes. Although small-scale clinical trials show promising results for the use of cannabis in pain management, it is not currently indicated for chronic or severe-to-moderate acute pain, for which opioi

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Lazcano, A. I. López, L. Ortega, A. Fauli, C. Busquets, and A. Lligoña. "Prescription opioid abuse, addiction and psychopathology in a pain clinic." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): s869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1744.

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IntroductionThere has been an escalation of therapeutic use and abuse of opioids. Aberrant drug related behaviors (ADRB) have prevalence between 2.8% and 62.2% in chronic pain patients treated with opioids and dependence is estimated around 3.27%.ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of dependence, ADRB, risk of opioid abuse, and co-occurring disorders in patients with chronic pain in our environment.MethodsA total of 115 (n = 115) patients attending our pain clinic were screened to evaluate the risk of opioid abuse and presence of dependence including a clinical interview, hamilton depression

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DiNicolantonio, James J., James H. O’Keefe, and William L. Wilson. "Sugar addiction: is it real? A narrative review." British Journal of Sports Medicine 52, no. 14 (2017): 910–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-097971.

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In animal studies, sugar has been found to produce more symptoms than is required to be considered an addictive substance. Animal data has shown significant overlap between the consumption of added sugars and drug-like effects, including bingeing, craving, tolerance, withdrawal, cross-sensitisation, cross-tolerance, cross-dependence, reward and opioid effects. Sugar addiction seems to be dependence to the natural endogenous opioids that get released upon sugar intake. In both animals and humans, the evidence in the literature shows substantial parallels and overlap between drugs of abuse and s

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Tabanelli, Rita, Simone Brogi, and Vincenzo Calderone. "Targeting Opioid Receptors in Addiction and Drug Withdrawal: Where Are We Going?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 13 (2023): 10888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310888.

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This review article offers an outlook on the use of opioids as therapeutics for treating several diseases, including cancer and non-cancer pain, and focuses the analysis on the opportunity to target opioid receptors for treating opioid use disorder (OUD), drug withdrawal, and addiction. Unfortunately, as has been well established, the use of opioids presents a plethora of side effects, such as tolerance and physical and physiological dependence. Accordingly, considering the great pharmacological potential in targeting opioid receptors, the identification of opioid receptor ligands devoid of mo

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Garland, Eric L., Rachel M. Atchley, Adam W. Hanley, Jon-Kar Zubieta, and Brett Froeliger. "Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement remediates hedonic dysregulation in opioid users: Neural and affective evidence of target engagement." Science Advances 5, no. 10 (2019): eaax1569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax1569.

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Addiction neuroscience models posit that recurrent drug use increases reactivity to drug-related cues and blunts responsiveness to natural rewards, propelling a cycle of hedonic dysregulation that drives addictive behavior. Here, we assessed whether a cognitive intervention for addiction, Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE), could restructure reward responsiveness from valuation of drug-related reward back to valuation of natural reward. Before and after 8 weeks of MORE or a support group control, prescription opioid users (N = 135) viewed opioid and natural reward cues while an e

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Goldfarb, Samantha S., Gregg D. Stanwood, Heather A. Flynn, and Devon L. Graham. "Developmental opioid exposures: Neurobiological underpinnings, behavioral impacts, and policy implications." Experimental Biology and Medicine 245, no. 2 (2019): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370219883601.

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The devastating impact of opioid abuse and dependence on the individual, family, and society are well known but extremely difficult to combat. During pregnancy, opioid drugs and withdrawal also affect fetal brain development and newborn neural functions, in addition to maternal effects. Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome/Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NAS/NOWS) rates have drastically increased in the US in the past decade. Solutions to this complex problem must be multi-faceted, which would be greatly enhanced by a translational, multidisciplinary understanding. Therefore, this mini-review inc

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McLemon, Erin, and Rose Chesworth. "Cannabinoid treatment of opiate addiction." Neuroanatomy and Behaviour 3 (June 12, 2021): e14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35430/nab.2021.e14.

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Opioid abuse is a growing global problem. Current therapies for opioid abuse target withdrawal symptoms and have several adverse side effects. There are no treatments to address opioid-induced neural adaptations associated with abuse and addiction. Preclinical research demonstrates interactions between the endogenous opioid and cannabinoid systems, suggesting that cannabinoids may be used to treat opioid addiction and dependence. The aim of this review is to assess how cannabinoids affect behavioural and molecular measures of opioid dependence and addiction-like behaviour in animal models. It

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McLemon, Erin, and Rose Chesworth. "Cannabinoid treatment of opiate addiction." Neuroanatomy and Behaviour 3 (June 12, 2021): e14. https://doi.org/10.35430/nab.2021.e14.

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Opioid abuse is a growing global problem. Current therapies for opioid abuse target withdrawal symptoms and have several adverse side effects. There are no treatments to address opioid-induced neural adaptations associated with abuse and addiction. Preclinical research demonstrates interactions between the endogenous opioid and cannabinoid systems, suggesting that cannabinoids may be used to treat opioid addiction and dependence. The aim of this review is to assess how cannabinoids affect behavioural and molecular measures of opioid dependence and addiction-like behaviour in animal models. It

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M. M. Mykhalevych. "MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF ORGANS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF OPIOID." Clinical anatomy and operative surgery 18, no. 4 (2019): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/1727-0847.18.4.2019.21.

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A rapid increase of the number of drug users has led to the emergence of drug profile diseases, multiple organ comorbid pathologies, which along with the great economic and moral damage make drug addiction one of the most important problems in many countries in the world. The indisputable relationship between the depth of hemomicrocirculatory disorders and the duration of opioid exposure has been proved. In pathogenesis of opioid addiction, in opioid users circulatory disorders are found. Histological examination data reveal unevenly bloodfilled vessels, erythrostasis, intramural hemorrhages,

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Manchikanti, Laxmaiah. "National Drug Control Policy and Prescription Drug Abuse: Facts and Fallacies." Pain Physician 3;10, no. 5;3 (2007): 399–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2007/10/399.

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In a recent press release Joseph A. Califano, Jr., Chairman and President of the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University called for a major shift in American attitudes about substance abuse and addiction and a top to bottom overhaul in the nation’s healthcare, criminal justice, social service, and eduction systems to curtail the rise in illegal drug use and other substance abuse. Califano, in 2005, also noted that while America has been congratulating itself on curbing increases in alcohol and illicit drug use and in the decline in teen smoking, abuse and additi

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Manchikanti, Laxmaiah. "Zohydro™ Approval by Food and Drug Administration: Controversial or Frightening?" Pain Physician 4;17, no. 4;7 (2014): E437—E450. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2014/17/e437.

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The actions and regulations of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are crucial to the entire population of the US, specifically the public who take a multitude of drugs and providers who prescribe drugs and devices. Further, the FDA is relevant to investors, specifically in regards to biotech and pharmaceutical companies involved in developing new drugs. The FDA has been criticized for a lack of independence on the one hand and excessive regulatory and expanding authority without evidence and consistency of the actions on the other hand. The FDA approved a single-entity, long-acting, hydroc

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Maclean, Johanna Catherine, Justine Mallatt, Christopher J. Ruhm, and Kosali Simon. "The Opioid Crisis, Health, Healthcare, and Crime: A Review of Quasi-Experimental Economic Studies." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 703, no. 1 (2022): 15–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00027162221149285.

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We review quasi-experimental studies that examine the relationship of opioids to health, healthcare, and crime in the U.S. Our findings align with the general perception that the opioid crisis has negatively impacted health and increased healthcare costs; we find limited evidence that appropriate opioid use enhances work capacity or carries other benefits. Extant studies suggest that opioids also increase crime, although the link is not as strong as has been observed in previous drug epidemics. This finding is consistent with the fact that opioids are pharmacologically different than stimulant

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Portenoy, Russell K. "Opioid Therapy for Chronic Nonmalignant Pain." Pain Research and Management 1, no. 1 (1996): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1996/409012.

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Long term administration of an opioid drug for chronic nonmalignant pain continues to be controversial, but is no longer uniformly rejected by pain specialists. This is true despite concerns that the regulatory agencies that oversee physician prescribing of opioid drugs continue to stigmatize the practice. The changing clinical perspective has been driven, in part, by widespread acknowledgement of the remarkably favourable outcomes achieved during opioid treatment of cancer pain. These outcomes contrast starkly with popular teaching about chronic opioid therapy and affirm the potential for pro

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Blum, Kenneth, Abdalla Bowirrat, Eric R. Braverman, et al. "Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): A Cytoarchitectural Common Neurobiological Trait of All Addictions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (2021): 11529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111529.

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Alcohol and other substance use disorders share comorbidity with other RDS disorders, i.e., a reduction in dopamine signaling within the reward pathway. RDS is a term that connects addictive, obsessive, compulsive, and impulsive behavioral disorders. An estimated 2 million individuals in the United States have opioid use disorder related to prescription opioids. It is estimated that the overall cost of the illegal and legally prescribed opioid crisis exceeds one trillion dollars. Opioid Replacement Therapy is the most common treatment for addictions and other RDS disorders. Even after repeated

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Rosa, Marcos Levisk Pereira, Lilian Fonseca Clementele, Antônio Carlos Vieira Achaval, and Paulo Ricardo Dell’Armelina Rocha. "Drug addiction resulting from the abusive use of opioids: a literature review." CONTRIBUCIONES A LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES 17, no. 12 (2024): e12799. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/revconv.17n.12-225.

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The severity of drug addiction resulting from the abusive use of opioids, primarily starting from chronic pain treatments, represents a serious threat to public health and social well-being. This study, through a literature review, analyzed the transition from therapeutic use to opioid abuse and consequent addiction, focusing on oxycodone. This review article aimed to understand the pharmacodynamics of opioids and their relationship with neuroinflammation, discussing biopsychosocial vulnerability factors, and better comprehending how healthcare professionals may assist in addressing the conseq

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Tapan Kumar Mahato, Sunil Kumar Ojha, Vishwakarma Singh, and Surendra Pratap Singh Parihar. "Addiction withdrawal syndrome: Needs medications, education, counselling & support." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 12, no. 2 (2021): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.2.0573.

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Addiction is a feel good or euphoria like condition which is commonly associated with drug abuse (opioid & non-opioid), alcohol and nicotine intake. There are many reasons behind a man gets addicted to these substances such as recreation purpose, drugs used for long time for treatment of any disorder and gets addicted, unemployment, stress, emotions, professional pressure and social status. It provides enjoyable feelings which results in creating a strong urge to use the substances again and again. These drugs can cause physical dependence or psychological dependence or both. Over time, dr

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McLean, Samuel, and Nikolas Rose. "Crisis, what crisis? Addiction neuroscience and the challenges of translation." Wellcome Open Research 5 (September 14, 2020): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16265.1.

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In this article we interrogate the claim that there is an opioid crisis: a dramatic rise in drug overdose fatalities in the United States over the past two decades that is also spreading to other countries. The usual argument is that this crisis is largely explained by errant prescription practices leading to an oversupply of opioids, leading to addiction, premature mortality and drug overdose deaths, both among those prescribed opioids for pain relief, and those obtaining them on the illegal market. We argue, that this view is highly problematic and that it is likely to entrench deeper proble

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Trescot, Andrea M. "A Review of the Role of Genetic Testing in Pain Medicine." Pain Physician 5;17, no. 5;9 (2014): 425–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2014/17/425.

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Background: Pain clinicians have always been challenged by the variability of response to pain treatment. Differences in the degree of pain stimulation and pain sensitivity, weight and age differences, prior opioid use and tolerance, as well as the differences in bioavailability of various opioid formulations have been cited as causes for the wide variability in analgesia seen with opioids. Genetics may explain the variability of responses and help to predict more effective (or less dangerous) medication choices and doses. Genetics may also help to predict the response to specific opioids and

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Morales, Dalia, Shahad Kadhim, Carolina Munoz, and Leila Seelhorst. "<b>Exploitation of Opioids in America: A Narrative Review of Multidisciplinary Studies.</b>." INNOVAPATH 1, Suppl (2025): 9. https://doi.org/10.63501/46rhrp66.

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Opioids continue to ravage many socioeconomically disadvantaged communities across the nation of America. Opioids are pain relievers, but may become harmful when consumption is not regulated. Many overdose on this drug, and may commit actions that entirely change their life’s trajectory for the worse. In this narrative review, information is presented from different sources on what has caused the opioid epidemic, the policies and initiatives that have been established to manage opioid overconsumption, and the sequence of events that occur internally when opioids are consumed. The main purpose

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Sehgal, Nalini. "Prescription Opioid Abuse in Chronic Pain: A Review of Opioid Abuse Predictors and Strategies to Curb Opioid Abuse." July 2012 3S;15, no. 3S;7 (2012): S67—ES92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2012/15/es67.

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Both chronic pain and prescription opioid abuse are prevalent and continue to exact a heavy toll on patients, physicians, and society. Individuals with chronic pain and co-occurring substance use disorders and/or mental health disorders, are at a higher risk for misuse of prescribed opioids. Opioid abuse and misuse occurs for a variety of reasons, including self medication, use for reward, compulsive use because of addiction, and diversion for profit. Treatment approaches that balance treating chronic pain while minimizing risks for opioid abuse, misuse, and diversion are much needed. The use

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