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Journal articles on the topic 'Oxysterols'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Schroepfer, George J. "Oxysterols: Modulators of Cholesterol Metabolism and Other Processes." Physiological Reviews 80, no. 1 (2000): 361–554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.2000.80.1.361.

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Oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol (oxysterols) present a remarkably diverse profile of biological activities, including effects on sphingolipid metabolism, platelet aggregation, apoptosis, and protein prenylation. The most notable oxysterol activities center around the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis, which appears to be controlled in part by a complex series of interactions of oxysterol ligands with various receptors, such as the oxysterol binding protein, the cellular nucleic acid binding protein, the sterol regulatory element binding protein, the LXR nuclear orphan receptors, and

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2

Diczfalusy, Ulf. "Analysis of Cholesterol Oxidation Products in Biological Samples." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 87, no. 2 (2004): 467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/87.2.467.

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Abstract Cholesterol oxidation products, or oxysterols, have gained increased attention since it was suggested that they participate in cell signaling as ligands for the nuclear receptors liver X receptor α and β. In addition, oxysterols serve as important intermediates in bile acid biosynthesis and are also involved in cholesterol transport. Several studies have suggested that certain oxysterols may be used as markers for oxidative stress, and still other oxysterols may be of use in diagnosing neurological diseases. This broad spectrum of functions in health and disease has created a demand f

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3

Yuan, Xi-Ming, Nargis Sultana, Nabeel Siraj, Liam J. Ward, Bijar Ghafouri, and Wei Li. "Autophagy Induction Protects against 7-Oxysterol-induced Cell Death via Lysosomal Pathway and Oxidative Stress." Journal of Cell Death 9 (January 2016): JCD.S37841. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/jcd.s37841.

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7-Oxysterols are major toxic components in oxidized low-density lipoprotein and human atheroma lesions, which cause lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and cell death. Autophagy may function as a survival mechanism in this process. Here, we investigated whether 7-oxysterols mixed in an atheroma-relevant proportion induce autophagy, whether autophagy induction influences 7-oxysterol-mediated cell death, and the underlying mechanisms, by focusing on cellular lipid levels, oxidative stress, and LMP in 7-oxysterol-treated macrophages. We found that 7-oxysterols induced cellular lipid accumul

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Wang, Yaping, Xiaobo Li, and Shunlin Ren. "Cholesterol Metabolites 25-Hydroxycholesterol and 25-Hydroxycholesterol 3-Sulfate Are Potent Paired Regulators: From Discovery to Clinical Usage." Metabolites 11, no. 1 (2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11010009.

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Oxysterols have long been believed to be ligands of nuclear receptors such as liver × receptor (LXR), and they play an important role in lipid homeostasis and in the immune system, where they are involved in both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. However, they are increasingly associated with a wide variety of other, sometimes surprising, cell functions. Oxysterols have also been implicated in several diseases such as metabolic syndrome. Oxysterols can be sulfated, and the sulfated oxysterols act in different directions: they decrease lipid biosynthesis, suppress inflammatory

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Guo, Zhiting, Huiyan Yu, Kexin Yang, et al. "Quantitative Determination of a Series of Oxysterols by an Optimized LC-MS/MS Analysis in Different Tissue Types." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 1 (2024): 77. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26010077.

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Oxysterols, as metabolites of cholesterol, play a key role in cholesterol homeostasis, autophagosome formation, and regulation of immune responses. Disorders in oxysterol metabolism are closely related to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. To systematically investigate the profound molecular regulatory mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases, it is necessary to quantify oxysterols and their metabolites in central and peripheral biospecimens simultaneously and accurately. However, there are a lot of unsolved problems with the existing methods, such as the hindrance of applying a s

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6

Griffiths, William J., Jonas Abdel-Khalik, Thomas Hearn, Eylan Yutuc, Alwena H. Morgan, and Yuqin Wang. "Current trends in oxysterol research." Biochemical Society Transactions 44, no. 2 (2016): 652–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20150255.

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In this short review we provide a synopsis of recent developments in oxysterol research highlighting topics of current interest to the community. These include the involvement of oxysterols in neuronal development and survival, their participation in the immune system, particularly with respect to bacterial and viral infection and to Th17-cell development, and the role of oxysterols in breast cancer. We also discuss the value of oxysterol analysis in the diagnosis of disease.

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Duffney, Parker F., Hye-Young H. Kim, Ned A. Porter, and Ilona Jaspers. "Ozone-derived oxysterols impair lung macrophage phagocytosis via adduction of some phagocytosis receptors." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 36 (2020): 12727–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra120.013699.

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Inhalation of the ambient air pollutant ozone causes lung inflammation and can suppress host defense mechanisms, including impairing macrophage phagocytosis. Ozone reacts with cholesterol in the lung to form oxysterols, like secosterol A and secosterol B (SecoA and SecoB), which can form covalent adducts on cellular proteins. How oxysterol-protein adduction modifies the function of lung macrophages is unknown. Herein, we used a proteomic screen to identify lung macrophage proteins that form adducts with ozone-derived oxysterols. Functional ontology analysis of the adductome indicated that prot

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8

Akiyama, Yusuke, Shunsuke Katsuki, Tetsuya Matoba, et al. "Association of Serum Oxysterols with Cholesterol Metabolism Markers and Clinical Factors in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Covariance Structure Analysis." Nutrients 15, no. 13 (2023): 2997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15132997.

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Oxysterols have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Serum levels of oxysterols could be positively correlated with cholesterol absorption and synthesis. However, physiological regulation of various serum oxysterols is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between clinical factors and cholesterol metabolism markers, and identify oxysterols associated with cholesterol absorption and synthesis in patients with coronary artery disease. Subjects (n = 207) who underwent coronary stenting between 2011 and 2013 were studied cross-section

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9

de Freitas, Fábio Alessandro, Débora Levy, Cadiele Oliana Reichert, Edecio Cunha-Neto, Jorge Kalil, and Sérgio Paulo Bydlowski. "Effects of Oxysterols on Immune Cells and Related Diseases." Cells 11, no. 8 (2022): 1251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11081251.

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Oxysterols are the products of cholesterol oxidation. They have a wide range of effects on several cells, organs, and systems in the body. Oxysterols also have an influence on the physiology of the immune system, from immune cell maturation and migration to innate and humoral immune responses. In this regard, oxysterols have been involved in several diseases that have an immune component, from autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases to inflammatory diseases, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Here, we review data on the participation of oxysterols, mainly 25-hydroxycholesterol and 7α,25-dihydroxyc

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10

Ridgway, N. D., P. A. Dawson, Y. K. Ho, M. S. Brown, and J. L. Goldstein. "Translocation of oxysterol binding protein to Golgi apparatus triggered by ligand binding." Journal of Cell Biology 116, no. 2 (1992): 307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.116.2.307.

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A cDNA encoding a cytoplasmic oxysterol binding protein was expressed at high levels by transfection in animal cells. This protein binds oxysterols such as 25-hydroxycholesterol that regulate sterol metabolism by transcriptional and posttranscriptional effects. In the transfected cells, some of the oxysterol binding protein (OSBP) was distributed diffusely in the cytoplasm, and some was bound to small vesicles near the nucleus, as revealed by indirect immunofluorescence. Upon addition of 25-hydroxycholesterol, most of the OSBP became concentrated in large perinuclear structures that stained wi

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11

Ando, Miyuki, Hiroko Tomoyori, and Katsumi Imaizumi. "Dietary cholesterol-oxidation products accumulate in serum and liver in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, but do not accelerate atherosclerosis." British Journal of Nutrition 88, no. 4 (2002): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2002670.

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There are conflicting reports regarding the effect of dietary cholesterol-oxidation products (oxysterols) on the development of atherosclerosis in experimental animals. To address this issue, apolipoprotein (Apo) E-deficient mice were fed a purified diet (AIN-93) or the same purified diet containing 0·2 g cholesterol or 0·2 g oxysterols/kg. The dietary oxysterols had no significant effect on the serum lipid levels. Although all of the diet-derived oxysterols (cholest-5-en-3β,7α-diol, cholest-5-en-3β,7β-diol, cholestan-5α,6α-epoxy-3β-ol, cholestan-5β,6β-epoxy-3β-ol, cholestan-3β, 5α, 6β-triol,

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Seo, Dong Wan, Ho-Soon Choi, Sum P. Lee, and Rahul Kuver. "Oxysterols from human bile induce apoptosis of canine gallbladder epithelial cells in monolayer culture." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 287, no. 6 (2004): G1247—G1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00013.2004.

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Oxysterols have been detected in various mammalian organs and blood. Biliary epithelium is exposed to high concentrations of cholesterol, and we have identified three keto-oxysterols (cholest-4-en-3-one, cholesta-4,6-dien-3-one, cholesta-3,5-dien-7-one) in human bile and gallstones. Because the effects of oxysterols on biliary physiology are not well defined, we investigated their biological effects on dog gallbladder epithelial cells. Enriched medium (culture medium containing taurocholate and lecithin and cholesterol ± various oxysterols) was applied to confluent monolayers of dog gallbladde

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Marengo, Barbara, Francesca Bellora, Roberta Ricciarelli, et al. "Oxysterol mixture and, in particular, 27‐hydroxycholesterol drive M2 polarization of human macrophages." BioFactors 42, no. 1 (2015): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biof.1243.

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AbstractMacrophages play a crucial role in atherosclerosis progression. Classically activated M1 macrophages have been found in rupture‐prone atherosclerotic plaques whereas alternatively activated macrophages, M2, localize in stable plaque. Macrophage accumulation of cholesterol and of its oxidized derivatives (oxysterols) leads to the formation of foam cells, a hallmark of atherosclerotic lesions. In this study, the effects of oxysterols in determining the functional polarization of human macrophages were investigated. Monocytes, purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy do

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Olkkonen, Vesa M. "New Functions for Oxysterols and Their Cellular Receptors." Lipid Insights 2 (January 2008): LPI.S866. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/lpi.s866.

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Oxysterols are naturally occurring oxidized derivatives of cholesterol, or by-products of cholesterol biosynthesis, with multiple biologic functions. These compounds display cytotoxic, pro-apoptotic, and pro-inflammatory activities and may play a role in the pathology of atherosclerosis. Their functions as intermediates in the synthesis of bile acids and steroid hormones, and as readily transportable forms of sterol are well established. During the past decade, however, novel physiologic activities of oxysterols have emerged. They are now thought to act as endogenous regulators of gene express

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15

Casimiro, Kim Roxana Chiok, Swechha Mainali Pokharel, and Santanu Bose. "Oxysterols induce proinflammatory response via Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) signaling." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (2020): 220.24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.220.24.

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Abstract We recently reported that the oxysterol 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC), which is an oxygenated form of cholesterol, promotes proinflammatory response via Integrin-Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) signaling. However, it is unknown whether other non-25HC oxysterols possess similar proinflammatory activity induced by FAK signaling pathway. Thus, we tested two non-25HC oxysterols, 22-hydroxycholesterol (22HC) and 7-alphahydroxycholesterol (7-alpha-HC), for their ability to induce proinflammatory response in macrophages. Both of these oxysterols induced a proinflammatory response since we observe

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Murdolo, Giuseppe, Marta Piroddi, Cristina Tortoioli, et al. "Free Radical-derived Oxysterols: Novel Adipokines Modulating Adipogenic Differentiation of Adipose Precursor Cells." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 101, no. 12 (2016): 4974–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-2918.

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Context: Increased oxidative stress in adipose tissue emerges as an inducer of obesity-linked insulin resistance. Here we tested whether free-radical derived oxysterols are formed by, and accumulate in, human adipocytes. Moreover, we asked whether increased accumulation of oxysterols characterizes the adipose cells of obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) (OBT2D) compared with lean, nondiabetic controls (CTRLs). Finally, we studied the effects of the free radical–derived oxysterols on adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). Main Outcome Measures: Adipocytes and ASC

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Vejux, Anne, Mohammad Samadi, and Gérard Lizard. "Contribution of Cholesterol and Oxysterols in the Physiopathology of Cataract: Implication for the Development of Pharmacological Treatments." Journal of Ophthalmology 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/471947.

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The development of cataract is associated with some lipid changes in human lens fibers, especially with increased accumulation and redistribution of cholesterol inside these cells. Some direct and indirect lines of evidence, also suggest an involvement of cholesterol oxide derivatives (also named oxysterols) in the development of cataract. Oxysterol formation can result either from nonenzymatic or enzymatic processes, and some oxysterols can induce a wide range of cytotoxic effects (overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS); phospholipidosis) which might contribute to the initiation and

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18

Son, Yonghae, In-Jun Yeo, Jin-Tae Hong, Seong-Kug Eo, Dongjun Lee, and Koanhoi Kim. "Side-Chain Immune Oxysterols Induce Neuroinflammation by Activating Microglia." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 20 (2023): 15288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242015288.

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In individuals with Alzheimer’s disease, the brain exhibits elevated levels of IL-1β and oxygenated cholesterol molecules (oxysterols). This study aimed to investigate the effects of side-chain oxysterols on IL-1β expression using HMC3 microglial cells and ApoE-deficient mice. Treatment of HMC3 cells with 25-hydroxycholesterol (25OHChol) and 27-hydroxycholesterol (27OHChol) led to increased IL-1β expression at the transcript and protein levels. Additionally, these oxysterols upregulated the surface expression of MHC II, a marker of activated microglia. Immunohistochemistry performed on the mic

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Soncini, Matias, Gianfranca Corna, Marta Moresco, et al. "24-Hydroxycholesterol participates in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor development." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 41 (2016): E6219—E6227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1613332113.

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Cells in the tumor microenvironment may be reprogrammed by tumor-derived metabolites. Cholesterol-oxidized products, namely oxysterols, have been shown to favor tumor growth directly by promoting tumor cell growth and indirectly by dampening antitumor immune responses. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing oxysterol generation within tumor microenvironments remain elusive. We recently showed that tumor-derived oxysterols recruit neutrophils endowed with protumoral activities, such as neoangiogenesis. Here, we show that hypoxia inducible factor-1a (HIF-1α) controls the overex

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Samadi, Afshin, Suna Sabuncuoglu, Mahshid Samadi, et al. "A Comprehensive Review on Oxysterols and Related Diseases." Current Medicinal Chemistry 28, no. 1 (2020): 110–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867327666200316142659.

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: The present review aims to provide a complete and comprehensive summary of current literature relevant to oxysterols and related diseases. Oxidation of cholesterol leads to the formation of a large number of oxidized products, generally known as oxysterols. They are intermediates in the biosynthesis of bile acids, steroid hormones, and 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3. Although oxysterols are considered as metabolic intermediates, there is a growing body of evidence that many of them are bioactive, and their absence or excess may be part of the cause of a disease phenotype. These compounds derive f

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Poli, Giuseppe, Noemi Iaia, Valerio Leoni, and Fiorella Biasi. "High cholesterol diet, oxysterols and their impact on the gut–brain axis." Redox Experimental Medicine 2022, no. 1 (2022): R15—R25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rem-22-0003.

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In a Western or Westernized diet, the abundant cholesterol is invariably associated with the presence of biochemically reactive oxysterols, the amount of which mainly depends upon the autoxidation degree of cholesterol itself, during food harvesting, production and storage. Oxysterols, in the average amount and composition detected in a high-cholesterol diet, display remarkable pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects on the gut epithelium. Moreover, in a low micromolar range, they may change the physiological level and membrane localization of tight junctions of the intestinal epithelial barrie

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Griffiths, William J., and Yuqin Wang. "Oxysterol research: a brief review." Biochemical Society Transactions 47, no. 2 (2019): 517–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20180135.

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Abstract In the present study, we discuss the recent developments in oxysterol research. Exciting results have been reported relating to the involvement of oxysterols in the fields of neurodegenerative disease, especially in Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease; in signalling and development, in particular, in relation to Hedgehog signalling; and in cancer, with a special focus on (25R)26-hydroxycholesterol. Methods for the measurement of oxysterols, essential for understanding their mechanism of action in vivo, and valuable for diagnosing rare diseases of choleste

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Raccosta, Laura, Raffaella Fontana, Daniela Maggioni, et al. "The oxysterol–CXCR2 axis plays a key role in the recruitment of tumor-promoting neutrophils." Journal of Experimental Medicine 210, no. 9 (2013): 1711–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20130440.

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Tumor-infiltrating immune cells can be conditioned by molecules released within the microenvironment to thwart antitumor immune responses, thereby facilitating tumor growth. Among immune cells, neutrophils play an important protumorigenic role by favoring neoangiogenesis and/or by suppressing antitumor immune responses. Tumor-derived oxysterols have recently been shown to favor tumor growth by inhibiting dendritic cell migration toward lymphoid organs. We report that tumor-derived oxysterols recruit protumor neutrophils in a liver X receptor (LXR)–independent, CXCR2-dependent manner, thus favo

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Frascoli, Michela, Enxhi Ferraj, Bing Miu, et al. "Crosstalk between skin homing innate T cells and epithelial cells via cholesterol byproduct messengers is required for tissue immunity." Journal of Immunology 208, no. 1_Supplement (2022): 171.02. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.171.02.

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Abstract Innate T cells and innate lymphoid cells in barrier tissues are essential for both tissue fitness and immunity against pathogens. γδTCR+ lymphocytes that secrete IL-17 (Tγδ17) localize to dermis and are critical regulators of skin immune responses. Despite their functional importance, how Tγδ17 cells mediate their unique function in the skin is largely unknown. Tγδ17 cells express the two prototypic G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) CCR6 and GPR183 (EBI2): mice lacking both receptors had significantly diminished dermal Tγδ17 cells and were resistant to psoriasis induction. This was

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Brahmi, Fatiha, John J. Mackrill, Imen Ghzaiel, et al. "Oxysterol-Induced Inflammation in Human Diseases: Strategies for Treatment with Natural Compounds and Synthetic Molecules." Molecules 30, no. 13 (2025): 2883. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30132883.

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Oxysterols can be derived from the diet, physiologically produced via specific enzymes, or are generated by autoxidation. These molecules have physiological properties and can also adversely affect vital organs. Indeed, some of them have pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory activities and can lead to major pathologies. The present review focuses on oxysterols (7-ketocholesterol, 7β-hydroxycholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, 27-hydroxycholesterol, 5,6α-epoxycholesterol, 5,6β-epoxycholesterol, and cholestane-3β, 5α, 6β-triol) involved either in cholesterol metabolism, age-related diseases (such as c

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Wooten, Joshua S., Huaizhu Wu, Joe Raya, Xiaoyuan Dai Perrard, John Gaubatz, and Ron C. Hoogeveen. "The Influence of an Obesogenic Diet on Oxysterol Metabolism in C57BL/6J Mice." Cholesterol 2014 (February 5, 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/843468.

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Our current understanding of oxysterol metabolism during different disease states such as obesity and dyslipidemia is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of diet-induced obesity on the tissue distribution of various oxysterols and the mRNA expression of key enzymes involved in oxysterol metabolism. To induce obesity, male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high fat-cholesterol diet for 24 weeks. Following diet-induced obesity, plasma levels of 4β-hydroxycholesterol, 5,6α-epoxycholesterol, 5,6β-epoxycholesterol, 7α-hydroxycholesterol, 7β-hydroxycholesterol, and 27-hydrox

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Passarelli, Michael N., Bonne M. Thompson, Jeffrey G. McDonald, et al. "Abstract P009: Plasma concentrations of multiple oxysterols and risk of colorectal adenomas." Cancer Prevention Research 16, no. 1_Supplement (2023): P009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1940-6215.precprev22-p009.

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Abstract Oxysterols are metabolites of cholesterol and intermediates in pathways for primary bile acid synthesis that regulate homeostasis of cholesterol, fatty acids, and glucose by interacting with widely expressed nuclear receptors. These metabolites are generated throughout the body, either enzymatically or from oxidative stress, and are detectable in peripheral circulation at concentrations much lower than total cholesterol. We previously reported that circulating 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC), the most abundant oxysterol in circulation and an endogenous selective estrogen receptor modul

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Olkkonen, Vesa M., and Timothy P. Levine. "Oxysterol binding proteins: in more than one place at one time?" Biochemistry and Cell Biology 82, no. 1 (2004): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o03-088.

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Oxysterols are potent signalling lipids that directly bind liver X receptors (LXRs) and a subset of oxysterol binding protein (OSBP) related proteins (ORPs). It is relatively well established that the oxysterol-regulated function of LXRs is to control the expression of genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport, catabolism of cholesterol, and lipogenesis. In contrast, the mechanisms by which oxysterols and ORPs affect cellular lipid metabolism have remained poorly understood. In this review, we summarize the information available on function of the ORPs and compare the two families of pro

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Gregorio-King, Claudia C., Gregory R. Collier, Janine S. McMillan, et al. "ORP-3, a human oxysterol-binding protein gene differentially expressed in hematopoietic cells." Blood 98, no. 7 (2001): 2279–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v98.7.2279.

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Using differential display polymerase chain reaction, a gene was identified in CD34+-enriched populations that had with low or absent expression in CD34− populations. The full coding sequence of this transcript was obtained, and the predicted protein has a high degree of homology to oxysterol-binding protein. This gene has been designated OSBP-related protein 3 (ORP-3). Expression of ORP-3 was found to be 3- to 4-fold higher in CD34+ cells than in CD34− cells. Additionally, expression of this gene was 2-fold higher in the more primitive subfraction of hematopoietic cells defined by the CD34+38

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Merola, Carmine, Anton Vremere, Federico Fanti, et al. "Oxysterols Profile in Zebrafish Embryos Exposed to Triclocarban and Propylparaben—A Preliminary Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (2022): 1264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031264.

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Oxysterols have long been considered as simple by-products of cholesterol metabolism, but they are now fully designed as bioactive lipids that exert their multiple effects through their binding to several receptors, representing endogenous mediators potentially involved in several metabolic diseases. There is also a growing concern that metabolic disorders may be linked with exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). To date, there are no studies aimed to link EDCs exposure to oxysterols perturbation—neither in vivo nor in vitro studies. The present research aimed to evaluate the diffe

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George, Meekha, Magdalena Lang, Chaitanya Chakravarthi Gali, et al. "Liver X Receptor Activation Attenuates Oxysterol-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Fetoplacental Endothelial Cells." Cells 12, no. 8 (2023): 1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12081186.

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Oxysterols are oxidized cholesterol derivatives whose systemic levels are found elevated in pregnancy disorders such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Oxysterols act through various cellular receptors and serve as a key metabolic signal, coordinating inflammation. GDM is a condition of low-grade chronic inflammation accompanied by altered inflammatory profiles in the mother, placenta and fetus. Higher levels of two oxysterols, namely 7-ketocholesterol (7-ketoC) and 7β-hydroxycholesterol (7β-OHC), were observed in fetoplacental endothelial cells (fpEC) and cord blood of GDM offspring. In

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Meynier, Alexandra, Jeanine Lherminier, Joelle Demaison-Meloche, Christian Ginies, Andre Grandgirard, and Luc Demaison. "Effects of dietary oxysterols on coronary arteries in hyperlipidaemic hamsters." British Journal of Nutrition 87, no. 5 (2002): 447–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2002555.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary oxysterols on coronary atherosclerosis and vasospasm. Golden Syrian hamsters were fed three diets with different lipid contents for 3 months: (1) a normolipidaemic diet containing 25 g corn oil–fish oil (4:1, w/w)/kg (group Low L); (2) a hyperlipidaemic diet composed of the normolipidaemic diet supplemented with 150 g lard+30 g cholesterol/kg (group High L); (3) a third diet, similar to the hyperlipidaemic diet, in which 4 g cholesterol/kg was replaced by a mixture of oxysterols (group High L+OS). The oxysterol mixture contained (g/kg

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Plat, Jogchum, Elke Theuwissen, Constanze Husche, et al. "Oxidised plant sterols as well as oxycholesterol increase the proportion of severe atherosclerotic lesions in female LDL receptor+/ − mice." British Journal of Nutrition 111, no. 1 (2013): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114513002018.

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Oxysterols (oxidised cholesterol) may play a role in the pathogenesis of CVD. Similar to cholesterol, plant sterols are susceptible to oxidation. However, less is known about the potential atherogenicity of oxidised plant sterols (oxyphytosterols). In the present study, the atherogenicity of a mixture of oxyphytosterols was examined by feeding female LDL receptor-deficient (LDLR+/ −) mice for 35 weeks a control diet (atherogenic high-fat diet; n 9), an oxysterol diet (control diet+0·025 % (w/w) oxysterols; n 12) or an oxyphytosterol diet (control diet+0·025 % (w/w) oxyphytosterols; n 12). In t

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Pinto, Raphael S., Guilherme S. Ferreira, Gina Camillo R. Silvestre, et al. "Plasma advanced glycation end products and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products as indicators of sterol content in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques." Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research 19, no. 2 (2022): 147916412210852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14791641221085269.

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Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are independently related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and favor cholesterol and oxysterol accumulation in macrophage foam cells. Soluble RAGE (sRAGE) impairs cellular AGE signaling alleviating the deleterious effects of AGE in atherogenesis. The association between plasma AGEs and sRAGE with the content of cholesterol, markers of cholesterol synthesis and absorption, and oxysterols in atherosclerotic plaques was evaluated in subjects undergoing carotid endarterectomy. Plasma and carotid plaques were obtained from symptomatic ( n = 23) and asymptomatic

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Björkhem, Ingemar, and Ulf Diczfalusy. "Oxysterols." Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 22, no. 5 (2002): 734–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.atv.0000013312.32196.49.

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Griffiths, William, and Hans Jörnvall. "Oxysterols." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 446, no. 3 (2014): 645–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.001.

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Sozen, Erdi, Burak Yazgan, Ali Sahin, Umit Ince, and Nesrin Kartal Ozer. "High Cholesterol Diet-Induced Changes in Oxysterol and Scavenger Receptor Levels in Heart Tissue." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2018 (June 13, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8520746.

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Involvement of high cholesterol and oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases is well studied, as it can be hypothesized that various products originated from lipid peroxidation, such as oxysterols, or affected protein expression might lead to cardiomyocyte damage followed by the pathological modifications. Although oxidation of excessive cholesterol to oxysterols in elevated stress conditions is identified by a number of studies, the role of a high cholesterol diet in regulating fatty acid and oxysterol accumulation, together with scavenger receptor mRNA levels, in the heart remains little

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Adeyemi, Kazeem Dauda, and Latifat Opeyemi Abdulkadir. "Roasting temperature and fat type influence cholesterol oxidation products, fatty acid composition, physicochemical properties and sensory attributes of beef sausages." PLOS One 20, no. 4 (2025): e0322290. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0322290.

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The impact of fat type (FT) and roasting temperature (RT) on oxysterols, physicochemical properties and sensory attributes of beef sausages were investigated. Beef sausages were formulated with either 20% Beef tallow (BT), Palm olein (PO) or Soybean oil (SO), and oven-cooked at either 180oC for 30 min or 240oC for 15 min. The BT, PO, and SO sausages had the highest (P<0.05) levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), respectively. Roasting at 240°C increased PUFA, MUFA, and total cholesterol levels, and reduced SFA moist

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Zhang, Xin, Qianming Bai, Leyuan Xu, et al. "Cytosolic sulfotransferase 2B1b promotes hepatocyte proliferation gene expression in vivo and in vitro." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 303, no. 3 (2012): G344—G355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00403.2011.

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Cytosolic sulfotransferase 2B1b (SULT2B1b) catalyzes the sulfation of 3β-hydroxysteroids and functions as a selective cholesterol and oxysterol sulfotransferase. Activation of liver X receptors (LXRs) by oxysterols has been known to be an antiproliferative factor. Overexpression of SULT2B1b impairs LXR's response to oxysterols, by which it regulates lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate in vivo and in vitro effects of SULT2B1b on liver proliferation and the underlying mechanisms. Primary rat hepatocytes and C57BL/6 mice were infected with adenovirus encoding SULT2B1b. Live

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York, Autumn G., and Steven J. Bensinger. "Subverting sterols: rerouting an oxysterol-signaling pathway to promote tumor growth." Journal of Experimental Medicine 210, no. 9 (2013): 1653–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20131335.

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Oxysterols are oxidized derivatives of cholesterol that are generated enzymatically or through autoxidation. Initially identified as important lipid signaling molecules in the context of atherosclerosis and inflammation, accumulated evidence indicates that these lipid-signaling molecules can have pleiotropic effects on the fate and function of the immune system. These effects range from the regulation of immune cell survival and proliferation to chemotaxis and antiviral immunity. New studies now indicate that tumor-derived oxysterols can serve to subvert the immune system by recruiting protumo

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Mathieu, Jacques M., William W. Mohn, Lindsay D. Eltis, et al. "7-Ketocholesterol Catabolism by Rhodococcus jostii RHA1." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 1 (2009): 352–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02538-09.

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ABSTRACT Oxysterols from steroid autooxidation have numerous harmful effects, but their biodegradation is poorly understood. Microarrays were used to study mineralization of the most common oxysterol, 7-ketocholesterol (7KC), by Rhodococcus jostii RHA1. Growth on 7KC versus growth on cholesterol resulted in 363 differentially expressed genes, including upregulation of two large gene clusters putatively encoding steroid catabolism. Despite this difference, 7KC degradation required key genes involved in cholesterol degradation, indicating a common catabolic route.

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Moseti, Dorothy, Alemu Regassa, Chongxiao Chen, Karmin O, and Woo Kyun Kim. "25-Hydroxycholesterol Inhibits Adipogenic Differentiation of C3H10T1/2 Pluripotent Stromal Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 2 (2020): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21020412.

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Understanding of adipogenesis is important to find remedies for obesity and related disorders. In addition, it is also critical in bone disorders because there is a reciprocal relationship between adipogenesis and osteogenesis in bone micro-environment. Oxysterols are pro-osteogenic and anti-adipogenic molecules via hedgehog activation in pluripotent bone marrow stomal cells. However, no study has evaluated the role of specific oxysterols in C3H10T1/2 cells, which are a good cell model for studying osteogenesis and adipogenesis in bone-marrows. Thus, we investigated the effects of specific oxy

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Freemantle, Erika, Gary Gang Chen, Cristiana Cruceanu, Naguib Mechawar, and Gustavo Turecki. "Analysis of oxysterols and cholesterol in prefrontal cortex of suicides." International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 16, no. 6 (2013): 1241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1461145712001587.

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Abstract Brain oxysterol levels, which are enzymatic oxidation products of cholesterol (Chl), have been proposed to reflect the dynamic process of physiological synapse maintenance and repair of nerve terminals within the central nervous system (CNS), due to the turnover of membrane Chl. Modifications of oxysterols have important implications in neurological conditions, especially in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders in which alterations of synaptic plasticity or cell signalling are implicated, such as depression. Oxysterols can diffuse across the blood–brain barrier and have been hy

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Mukhopadhyay, Shreya, Kelly Fellows, Richard W. Browne, et al. "Interdependence of oxysterols with cholesterol profiles in multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 23, no. 6 (2016): 792–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458516666187.

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Purpose: To investigate levels of oxysterols in healthy control (HC) and multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and their interdependence with demographic, clinical characteristics, and cholesterol biomarkers. Methods: This study included 550 subjects (203 HC, 221 relapsing–remitting MS (RR-MS), 126 progressive MS (P-MS)). A complete lipid profile including total cholesterol (TC); high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol (HDL-C); low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol (LDL-C); apolipoproteins (Apo) A1, A2, B, and E; C-reactive protein (CRP); 24-hydroxycholesterol (HC); 25-HC; 27-HC; 7α-HC; and 7-ketocholes

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King, SR, AA Matassa, EK White, et al. "Oxysterols regulate expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 32, no. 2 (2004): 507–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0320507.

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The steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein promotes intramitochondrial delivery of cholesterol to the cholesterol side-chain cleavage system, which catalyzes the first enzymatic step in all steroid synthesis. Intriguingly, substrate cholesterol derived from lipoprotein can upregulate StAR gene expression. Moreover, substrate oxysterols have been suggested to also play a role. To investigate whether oxysterols can regulate StAR expression, two steroidogenic cell lines, mouse Y1 adrenocortical and MA-10 Leydig tumor cells, were treated with various oxysterols and steroids, including 25-hy

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de Freitas, Fábio Alessandro, Débora Levy, Amira Zarrouk, Gérard Lizard, and Sérgio Paulo Bydlowski. "Impact of Oxysterols on Cell Death, Proliferation, and Differentiation Induction: Current Status." Cells 10, no. 9 (2021): 2301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10092301.

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Oxysterols are oxidized derivatives of cholesterol produced by enzymatic activity or non-enzymatic pathways (auto-oxidation). The oxidation processes lead to the synthesis of about 60 different oxysterols. Several oxysterols have physiological, pathophysiological, and pharmacological activities. The effects of oxysterols on cell death processes, especially apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis, and oxiapoptophagy, as well as their action on cell proliferation, are reviewed here. These effects, also observed in several cancer cell lines, could potentially be useful in cancer treatment. The effects of

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Foo, Cheng Xiang, Stacey Bartlett, and Katharina Ronacher. "Oxysterols in the Immune Response to Bacterial and Viral Infections." Cells 11, no. 2 (2022): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11020201.

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Oxidized cholesterols, the so-called oxysterols, are widely known to regulate cholesterol homeostasis. However, more recently oxysterols have emerged as important lipid mediators in the response to both bacterial and viral infections. This review summarizes our current knowledge of selected oxysterols and their receptors in the control of intracellular bacterial growth as well as viral entry into the host cell and viral replication. Lastly, we briefly discuss the potential of oxysterols and their receptors as drug targets for infectious and inflammatory diseases.

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Olkkonen, Vesa M., and Markku Lehto. "Oxysterols and oxysterol binding proteins: role in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis." Annals of Medicine 36, no. 8 (2004): 562–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07853890410018907.

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Poirier, Johanne, Kevin A. Cockell, W. M. Nimal Ratnayake, et al. "Antioxidant Supplements Improve Profiles of Hepatic Oxysterols and Plasma Lipids in Butter-fed Hamsters." Nutrition and Metabolic Insights 3 (January 2010): NMI.S3911. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/nmi.s3911.

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Hypercholesterolemia diets are associated with oxidative stress that may contribute to hypercholesterolemia by adversely affecting enzymatically-generated oxysterols involved in cholesterol homeostasis. An experiment was conducted to examine whether the cholesterol-lowering effects of the antioxidants selenium and α-tocopherol were related to hepatic oxysterol concentrations. Four groups of male Syrian hamsters (n = 7-8) were fed high cholesterol and saturated fat (0.46% cholesterol, 14.3% fat) hypercholesterolemic semi-purified diets: 1) Control; 2) Control + α-tocopherol (67 IU all-racemic-α

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Duc, Donovan, Solenne Vigne, and Caroline Pot. "Oxysterols in Autoimmunity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 18 (2019): 4522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184522.

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Cholesterol is a member of the sterol family that plays essential roles in biological processes, including cell membrane stability and myelin formation. Cholesterol can be metabolized into several molecules including bile acids, hormones, and oxysterols. Studies from the last few decades have demonstrated that oxysterols are not only active metabolites but are further involved in the modulation of immune responses. Liver X Receptors (LXRs), nuclear receptors for oxysterols, are important for cholesterol homeostasis and regulation of inflammatory response but are still poorly characterized duri

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