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Journal articles on the topic 'Oxytocin and Vasopressin'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Elands, J., C. Barberis, and S. Jard. "[3H]-[Thr4,Gly7]OT: a highly selective ligand for central and peripheral OT receptors." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 254, no. 1 (1988): E31—E38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1988.254.1.e31.

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Oxytocin receptors in rat hippocampal synaptic plasma membranes were compared with mammary gland and uterine oxytocin receptors. For this purpose, a highly specific oxytocic agonist [Thr4,Gly7]oxytocin was tritiated. We demonstrated that this ligand labels oxytocin receptors selectively. Scatchard analyses revealed a high affinity for all the oxytocin receptors investigated, with equilibrium dissociation constants between 1.0 and 2.0 nM. Binding appeared to take place at a single population of receptor sites. Competition experiments confirmed the high affinity of arginine vasopressin for hippo

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2

Möller, Carolina, та Frank Marí. "A vasopressin/oxytocin-related conopeptide with γ-carboxyglutamate at position 8". Biochemical Journal 404, № 3 (2007): 413–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20061480.

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Vasopressins and oxytocins are homologous, ubiquitous and multifunctional peptides present in animals. Conopressins are vasopressin/oxytocin-related peptides that have been found in the venom of cone snails, a genus of marine predatory molluscs that envenom their prey with a complex mixture of neuroactive peptides. In the present paper, we report the purification and characterization of a unique conopressin isolated from the venom of Conus villepinii, a vermivorous cone snail species from the western Atlantic Ocean. This novel peptide, designated γ-conopressin-vil, has the sequence CLIQDCPγG*

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3

Bankowski, Krzysztof, Bernard Lammek, Marian Kruszynski, Maurice Manning, Janny Seto, and Wilbur H. Sawyer. "2-O-methyl and 2-O-ethyl-tyrosine derivatives of [8-arginine]vasopressin analogs: Highly specific antidiuretic agonists." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 53, no. 11 (1988): 2617–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19882617.

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The solid phase synthesis of seven 2-O-methyl- and 2-O-ethyl-tyrosine substituted analogs of [8-arginine]vasopressin (AVP) with enhanced antidiuretic agonistic specificity is reported. These peptides are: [2-O-ethyltyrosine, 8-arginine]vasopressin (I), [2-O-methyltyrosine, 8-D-arginine]vasopressin (II), [2-O-ethyltyrosine, 8-D-arginine]vasopressin (III), [2-O-methyltyrosine, 4-valine, 8-arginine]vasopressin (IV), [2-O-ethyltyrosine, 4-valine, 8-arginine]vasopressin (V), [2-O-methyltyrosine, 4-valine, 8-D-arginine]vasopressin (VI), [2-O-ethyltyrosine, 4-valine, 8-D-arginine]vasopressin (VII). A

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4

GAINER, HAROLD, and SUSAN WRAY. "Oxytocin and Vasopressin." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 652, no. 1 (1992): 14–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb34342.x.

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5

Han, J. S., Y. Maeda, and M. A. Knepper. "Dual actions of vasopressin and oxytocin in regulation of water permeability in terminal collecting duct." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 265, no. 1 (1993): F26—F34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1993.265.1.f26.

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We conducted studies in isolated perfused terminal inner medullary collecting ducts (IMCD) from rats to investigate the roles of oxytocin and vasopressin in the regulation of osmotic water permeability. Vasopressin and oxytocin were found to have both stimulatory effects (at 0.1 nM) and inhibitory effects (at 10 nM) on osmotic water permeability. Measurements of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) production demonstrated that both vasopressin and oxytocin increase cAMP production. Both the selective oxytocin-receptor agonist [Thr4,Gly7]oxytocin (10 nM) and the selective V1b agonist [de

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6

Kasting, Norman W. "Simultaneous and independent release of vasopressin and oxytocin in the rat." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 66, no. 1 (1988): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y88-004.

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The relative dependence or independence of the secretion of the neurohypophysial hormones, arginine vasopressin and oxytocin, was investigated using a wide variety of stimuli reported to cause the secretion of one or the other hormone. Differences in species, animal preparations, sampling techniques, assays, and other factors make comparison of many previous studies difficult. The aim of this study was to overcome these problems by using the same methodology, animal species, and assays to compare vasopressin and oxytocin release. To further strengthen the analysis, determinations of vasopressi

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7

Erickson, Elise N., C. Sue Carter, and Cathy L. Emeis. "Oxytocin, Vasopressin and Prolactin in New Breastfeeding Mothers: Relationship to Clinical Characteristics and Infant Weight Loss." Journal of Human Lactation 36, no. 1 (2019): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334419838225.

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Background: Maternal milk production requires the neuropeptide oxytocin. Individual variation in oxytocin function is a compelling target for understanding low milk production, a leading cause of breastfeeding attrition. Complicating the understanding of oxytocin pathways is that vasopressin may interact with oxytocin receptors, yet little is known about the role of vasopressin in lactation. Research aims: The aims of this study were (1) to describe maternal plasma oxytocin, vasopressin, and prolactin patterns during breastfeeding following low-risk spontaneous labor and birth in healthy first

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8

Procházka, Zdenko, and Jiřina Slaninová. "The 1- and 2-Naphthylalanine Analogs of Oxytocin and Vasopressin." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 60, no. 12 (1995): 2170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19952170.

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Solid phase technique on p-methylbenzhydrylamine resin was used for the synthesis of four analogs of oxytocin and four analogs of vasopressin with the non-coded amino acids L- or D- and 1- or 2-naphthylalanine and D-homoarginine. [L-1-Nal2]oxytocin, [D-1-Nal2]oxytocin, [L-2-Nal2]oxytocin, [D-2-Nal2]oxytocin, [L-1-Nal2, D-Har8]vasopressin, [D-1-Nal2, D-Har8]vasopressin, [L-2-Nal2, D-Har8]vasopressin and [D-2-Nal2, D-Har8]vasopressin were synthesized. All eight analogs were found to be uterotonic inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. Analogs with 2-naphthylalanine are stronger inhibitors, particularl

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9

Stoeckel, M. E., M. J. Freund-Mercier, J. M. Palacios, Ph Richard, and A. Porte. "Autoradiographic localization of binding sites for oxytocin and vasopressin in the rat kidney." Journal of Endocrinology 113, no. 2 (1987): 179—NP. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1130179.

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ABSTRACT The distribution of [3H]vasopressin- and [3H]oxytocin-binding sites was examined, using an autoradiographical technique, in the kidney of Long–Evans and Brattleboro rats. Two types of binding sites with affinities in the nanomolar range were detected: one, located on glomeruli, bound both vasopressin and oxytocin; the other, on collecting ducts, bound vasopressin selectively. In the presence of 10 μmol oxytocin/1, [3H]vasopressin labelling was abolished in glomeruli, but only reduced in collecting ducts; [3H]oxytocin labelling was completely abolished by 10 μmol vasopressin/1. These o

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10

Zingg, Hans H. "Vasopressin and oxytocin receptors." Baillière's Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 10, no. 1 (1996): 75–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0950-351x(96)80314-4.

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11

Sirotkin, A. V. "Inter-relationships between nonapeptide hormones and cyclic nucleotides within cultured porcine granulosa cells." Journal of Endocrinology 150, no. 2 (1996): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1500343.

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Abstract The reciprocal control of nonapeptide hormone (oxytocin, vasopressin) and cyclic nucleotide (cAMP, cGMP) release by porcine granulosa cells was studied. In particular, the influence of vasopressin and oxytocin treatment (10–10 000 ng/ml) on basal and LH-induced cAMP and cGMP output, as well as the effects of dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP; cAMP analogue) and forskolin (a stimulator of cAMP formation; 0·1–1000 ng/ml) on vasopressin and oxytocin secretion by cultured porcine granulosa cells were examined. It was observed that the addition of arginine-8-vasopressin or oxytocin stimulated both cA

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12

Neto, Maria Leonor, Marília Antunes, Manuel Lopes, Duarte Ferreira, James Rilling, and Diana Prata. "Oxytocin and vasopressin modulation of prisoner’s dilemma strategies." Journal of Psychopharmacology 34, no. 8 (2020): 891–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881120913145.

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Background: The neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin have been repeatedly implicated in social decision making by enhancing social salience and, generally, cooperation. The iterated and sequential version of the prisoner’s dilemma (PD) game is a social dilemma paradigm eliciting strategies of cooperation versus competition. Aims: We aimed to characterise the role of PD players’ sex, game partner type (computer vs. human) and oxytocin or vasopressin inhalation on the player’s strategy preference. Methods: Participants (153 men; 151 women) were randomised to intranasal 24 IU oxytocin, 20 IU va

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13

Song, Zhilin, Barry E. Levin, Wanida Stevens, and Celia D. Sladek. "Supraoptic oxytocin and vasopressin neurons function as glucose and metabolic sensors." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 306, no. 7 (2014): R447—R456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00520.2013.

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Neurons in the supraoptic nuclei (SON) produce oxytocin and vasopressin and express insulin receptors (InsR) and glucokinase. Since oxytocin is an anorexigenic agent and glucokinase and InsR are hallmarks of cells that function as glucose and/or metabolic sensors, we evaluated the effect of glucose, insulin, and their downstream effector ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels on calcium signaling in SON neurons and on oxytocin and vasopressin release from explants of the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system. We also evaluated the effect of blocking glucokinase and phosphatidylinositol 3 ki

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14

Perkinson, Michael R., Rachael A. Augustine, Gregory T. Bouwer, et al. "Plasticity in Intrinsic Excitability of Hypothalamic Magnocellular Neurosecretory Neurons in Late-Pregnant and Lactating Rats." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 13 (2021): 7140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137140.

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Oxytocin and vasopressin secretion from the posterior pituitary gland are required for normal pregnancy and lactation. Oxytocin secretion is relatively low and constant under basal conditions but becomes pulsatile during birth and lactation to stimulate episodic contraction of the uterus for delivery of the fetus and milk ejection during suckling. Vasopressin secretion is maintained in pregnancy and lactation despite reduced osmolality (the principal stimulus for vasopressin secretion) to increase water retention to cope with the cardiovascular demands of pregnancy and lactation. Oxytocin and

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15

Fernstrom, J. D., M. H. Fernstrom, and R. P. Kwok. "In vivo somatostatin, vasopressin, and oxytocin synthesis in diabetic rat hypothalamus." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 258, no. 4 (1990): E661—E666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1990.258.4.e661.

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The in vivo labeling of somatostatin-14, somatostatin-28, arginine vasopressin, and oxytocin was studied in rat hypothalamus after third ventricular administration of [35S]cysteine to streptozotocin-diabetic and normal rats. Immunoreactive somatostatin levels in hypothalamus were unaffected by diabetes, as was the incorporation of [35S]cysteine into hypothalamic somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28. In contrast, immunoreactive vasopressin levels in hypothalamus and posterior pituitary (and oxytocin levels in posterior pituitary) were below normal in diabetic rats. Moreover, [35S]cysteine incorp

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16

Harvey, Brian H., Wilmie Regenass, Walter Dreyer, and Marisa Möller. "Social isolation rearing-induced anxiety and response to agomelatine in male and female rats: Role of corticosterone, oxytocin, and vasopressin." Journal of Psychopharmacology 33, no. 5 (2019): 640–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881119826783.

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Background: The chronobiotic antidepressant, agomelatine, acts via re-entrainment of circadian rhythms. Earlier work has demonstrated late-life anxiety and reduced corticosterone in post-weaning social isolation reared (SIR) rats. Agomelatine was anxiolytic in this model but did not reverse hypocortisolemia. Reduced corticosterone or cortisol (in humans) is well-described in anxiety states, although the anxiolytic-like actions of agomelatine may involve targeting another mechanism. Central oxytocin and vasopressin exert anxiolytic and anxiogenic effects, respectively, and are subject to circad

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Zelena, Dóra, Kristina Langnaese, Ágnes Domokos, et al. "Vasopressin Administration into the Paraventricular Nucleus Normalizes Plasma Oxytocin and Corticosterone Levels in Brattleboro Rats." Endocrinology 150, no. 6 (2009): 2791–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-1007.

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Adult male rats of the Brattleboro strain were used to investigate the impact of the congenital absence of vasopressin on plasma adrenocorticotropin, corticosterone, and oxytocin concentrations as well as the release pattern of oxytocin within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), in response to a 10-min forced swimming session. Measurement of adrenocorticotropin in plasma samples collected via chronically implanted jugular venous catheters revealed virtually identical stress responses for vasopressin-lacking Brattleboro (KO) and intact control animals. In contrast, plasma corticoste

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18

Suzuki, Yoshio, Shin-ichi Satoh, Masaaki Kimura, et al. "Effects of vasopressin and oxytocin on canine cerebral circulation in vivo." Journal of Neurosurgery 77, no. 3 (1992): 424–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1992.77.3.0424.

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✓ In vivo experiments on the vasoactive effects of vasopressin and oxytocin on cerebral circulation were carried out in anesthetized dogs, using an electromagnetic flowmeter to measure vertebral blood flow and angiography to measure the internal diameter of the basilar artery. Direct bolus infusion of 1 pmol to 1 nmol of vasopressin or 10 pmol to 10 nmol of oxytocin into a femoral-vertebral artery shunt produced a dose-dependent decrease in vertebral artery blood flow without significantly affecting mean arterial blood pressure. Vasopressin was more potent than endothelin and neuropeptide Y, w

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Meyer, C., M. J. Freund-Mercier, Y. Guerné, and Ph Richard. "Relationship between oxytocin release and amplitude of oxytocin cell neurosecretory bursts during suckling in the rat." Journal of Endocrinology 114, no. 2 (1987): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1140263.

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ABSTRACT Plasma concentrations of oxytocin and vasopressin were measured in relationship to oxytocin cell firing during suckling in urethane-anaesthetized rats. Preliminary experiments showed that plasma concentrations of oxytocin and vasopressin, which were increased immediately after anaesthesia, reverted to basal concentrations 3 h later. Moreover, it was found that exogenous oxytocin had entirely disappeared 5 min after i.v. bolus injections of known doses of oxytocin. Suckling did not modify the basal plasma concentration of oxytocin (14·6 ± 2·9 compared with 14·±61·5 pmol/l before suckli

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Eckland, D. J. A., K. Todd, and S. L. Lightman. "Immunoreactive vasopressin and oxytocin in hypothalamo-hypophysial portal blood of the Brattleboro and Long–Evans rat: effect of adrenalectomy and dexamethasone." Journal of Endocrinology 117, no. 1 (1988): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1170027.

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ABSTRACT Immunoreactive vasopressin and oxytocin were measured in the hypothalamo-hypophysial portal blood of both Long–Evans and homozygous Brattleboro rats. Adrenalectomy caused an increase in vasopressin immunoreactivity in portal blood in the Long–Evans strain, whilst administration of dexamethasone to these adrenalectomized animals resulted in a reduction in portal vasopressin immunoreactivity to levels below those seen in sham-operated animals. This vasopressin immunoreactivity co-eluted with synthetic vasopressin on high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and diluted in parallel in

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Robinson, A. G., M. M. Roberts, W. A. Evron, L. E. Janocko, and G. E. Hoffman. "Total translation of vasopressin and oxytocin in neurohypophysis of rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 257, no. 1 (1989): R109—R117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1989.257.1.r109.

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There is a paucity of information about total translation rate of vasopressin and oxytocin. Because the site of synthesis of the neurohypophysial hormones is anatomically separate from the site of storage, we were able to measure total translation by blocking transport of newly synthesized hormone and measuring accumulation in the areas of synthesis in the hypothalamus. Colchicine administered into the third ventricle in doses as low as 3.5 micrograms/rat blocked transport for 18 h. The linear increase in vasopressin and oxytocin content over 18 h indicated a stable rate of synthesis, which wa

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Kokay, I. C., P. M. Bull, R. L. Davis, M. Ludwig, and D. R. Grattan. "Expression of the long form of the prolactin receptor in magnocellular oxytocin neurons is associated with specific prolactin regulation of oxytocin neurons." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 290, no. 5 (2006): R1216—R1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00730.2005.

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Magnocellular neurons of the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nuclei (PVN) show considerable plasticity during pregnancy and lactation. Prolactin receptors (PRL-R) have been identified in both these nuclei. The aim of this study was to investigate the cell type(s) expressing mRNA for the long form of prolactin receptor (PRL-RL) and to determine whether patterns of expression change during pregnancy and lactation. In addition, we examined effects of prolactin on excitability of oxytocin and vasopressin neurons. Sections from brains of nonpregnant, pregnant, and lactating rats were hybridize

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Hubbard, J. I. "Water transport in cultured cells from the rat inner medullary collecting duct." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 7, no. 10 (1996): 2062–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v7102062.

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In this study, cells derived from rat inner medullary collecting duct formed a polarized monolayer when grown in wells on a membrane. When the membrane was sealed in an Ussing apparatus, the cells passed water from their apical to basolateral surfaces in the presence of an osmotic gradient. This was detected by the movement of the meniscus (1 mm = 1 microL) in a capillary tube connected to the basolateral chamber. The movements were measured by a travelling microscope, and the effects of vasopressin, oxytocin, and kappa opioids were explored at 37 +/- 1 degrees C. In the presence of vasopressi

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Yao, Yang, Li-Ying Fu, Xiaobing Zhang, and Anthony N. van den Pol. "Vasopressin and oxytocin excite MCH neurons, but not other lateral hypothalamic GABA neurons." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 302, no. 7 (2012): R815—R824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00452.2011.

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Neurons that synthesize melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) colocalize GABA, regulate energy homeostasis, modulate water intake, and influence anxiety, stress, and social interaction. Similarly, vasopressin and oxytocin can influence the same behaviors and states, suggesting that these neuropeptides may exert part of their effect by modulating MCH neurons. Using whole cell recording in MCH-green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mouse hypothalamic brain slices, we found that both vasopressin and oxytocin evoked a substantial excitatory effect. Both peptides reversibly increased spike freque

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Hardiman, Atira, Theodore C. Friedman, William C. Grunwald, et al. "Endocrinomic profile of neurointermediate lobe pituitary prohormone processing in PC1/3- and PC2-Null mice using SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 34, no. 3 (2005): 739–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.1.01812.

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Pro-vasopressin and pro-oxytocin are prohormones processed in the neurointermediate lobe pituitary to form the biologically active peptide hormones, arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin. Neurointermediate lobe pituitaries from normal (+/+), heterozygous (+/−), PC2-Null (−/−), PC1/3-Null and oxytocin-Null mice were analyzed by SELDI-TOF mass spectroscopy for the peptide hormone products, AVP, oxytocin and neurophysin I and II. Molecular ion species with masses characteristic of oxytocin, AVP, neurophysin I and II, i.e. 1009.41, 1084.5, 9677 and 9679 daltons respectively, were identified in a

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Evans, J. J., and K. J. Catt. "Gonadotrophin-releasing activity of neurohypophysial hormones: II. The pituitary oxytocin receptor mediating gonadotrophin release differs from that of corticotrophs." Journal of Endocrinology 122, no. 1 (1989): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1220107.

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ABSTRACT Neurohypophysial hormones stimulate gonadotrophin release from dispersed rat anterior pituitary cells in vitro, acting through receptors distinct from those which mediate the secretory response to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH). The LH response to oxytocin was not affected by the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, methyl isobutylxanthine, but was diminished in the absence of extracellular calcium and was progressively increased as the calcium concentration in the medium was raised to normal. In addition, the calcium channel antagonist, nifedipine, suppressed oxytocin

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Guillon, G., C. J. Kirk, and M. N. Balestre. "Characterization of specific V1a vasopressin-binding sites on a rat mammary-tumour-cell line." Biochemical Journal 240, no. 1 (1986): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2400189.

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WRK 1, a cloned cell line derived from a rat mammary tumour, carries specific vasopressin-binding sites. Specific binding of 2-tyrosine-3H-labelled [8-lysine]vasopressin ([3H]vasopressin) was time-dependent, saturable and reversible. Scatchard-plot analysis of hormone binding indicated the presence of a single class of receptors with an equilibrium dissociation constant of 12.7 +/- 0.2 nM. The maximal binding capacity was 75 +/- 6 fmol/10(6) cells, which corresponds to approx. 45,000 sites per cell. Oxytocin and a highly potent oxytocin analogue were able to inhibit completely [3H]vasopressin

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Stein, Dan J. "Oxytocin and Vasopressin: Social Neuropeptides." CNS Spectrums 14, no. 11 (2009): 602–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900023841.

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ABSTRACTOxytocin and vasopressin are highly conserved neuropeptides that play a key role in social attachment and affiliation, including parental care and pair-bonding. Oxytocin attenuates neural responses to aversive pictures and has been associated with reduced coupling of amygdala to brainstem regions involved in the fear response. Differential activation of the amygdala has been found to be associated with different genetic variants of the vasopressin receptor. There is growing evidence that oxytocin and vasopressin receptor variants are associated with individual differences in prosocial

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Chou, C. L., S. R. DiGiovanni, A. Luther, S. J. Lolait, and M. A. Knepper. "Oxytocin as an antidiuretic hormone. II. Role of V2 vasopressin receptor." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 269, no. 1 (1995): F78—F85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1995.269.1.f78.

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We conducted this study to determine what receptor mediates the effect of oxytocin to increase osmotic water permeability (Pf) in the rat inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) experiments demonstrated that mRNA for both the oxytocin receptor and the V2 receptor is present in the rat terminal IMCD. In isolated perfused IMCD segments, we found that the V2 vasopressin receptor antagonist [d(CH2)5(1),D-Ile2,Ile4,Arg8]vasopressin, but not oxytocin receptor antagonists, blocked the hydrosmotic response to 200 pM oxytocin. The selective oxyto

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Jiang, Chang-Yu, Tsugumi Fujita, and Eiichi Kumamoto. "Synaptic modulation and inward current produced by oxytocin in substantia gelatinosa neurons of adult rat spinal cord slices." Journal of Neurophysiology 111, no. 5 (2014): 991–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00609.2013.

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Cellular mechanisms for antinociception produced by oxytocin in the spinal dorsal horn have not yet been investigated thoroughly. We examined how oxytocin affects synaptic transmission in substantia gelatinosa neurons, which play a pivotal role in regulating nociceptive transmission, by applying the whole-cell patch-clamp technique to the substantia gelatinosa neurons of adult rat spinal cord slices. Bath-applied oxytocin did not affect glutamatergic spontaneous, monosynaptically-evoked primary-afferent Aδ-fiber and C-fiber excitatory transmissions. On the other hand, oxytocin produced an inwa

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Cheng, Savio W. T., Edward F. O'Connor, and William G. North. "Influence of opioid peptides on release from vasopressin and oxytocin neurones of the hypothalamoneurohypophyseal system: effects of naloxone in the conscious rat." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 68, no. 5 (1990): 568–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y90-083.

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We examined the effects of acute and chronic treatments with naloxone on release of vasopressin and oxytocin from the hypothalamoneurohypophyseal system (HNS) in conscious, chronically instrumented Long–Evans rats. Plasma concentrations of vasopressin-associated neurophysin and oxytocin-associated neurophysin were evaluated before and during an intravenous infusion of 18% saline at 100 μL∙kg−1 body weight∙min−1 for 60 min. Acute treatment with naloxone (2.75 μmol/kg, intravenous) did not measurably alter basal plasma osmolality or vasopressin-associated neurophysin concentration, but it caused

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Berczi, Istvan, Andres Quintanar, Rafael Campos, and Kalman Kovacs. "Vasopressin, Oxytocin and Immune Function." Advances in Neuroimmune Biology 3, no. 3,4 (2012): 329–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/nib-012908.

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Stoop, Ron. "Neuromodulation by Oxytocin and Vasopressin." Neuron 76, no. 1 (2012): 142–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2012.09.025.

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JEZOVA, DANIELA, IVANA SKULTETYOVA, D. I. TOKAREV, P. BAKOS, and M. VIGAS. "Vasopressin and Oxytocin in Stress." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 771, no. 1 Stress (1995): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb44681.x.

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Keverne, Eric B., and James P. Curley. "Vasopressin, oxytocin and social behaviour." Current Opinion in Neurobiology 14, no. 6 (2004): 777–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2004.10.006.

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Wilson, B. C., and A. J. S. Summerlee. "Effects of exogenous relaxin on oxytocin and vasopressin release and the intramammary pressure response to central hyperosmotic challenge." Journal of Endocrinology 141, no. 1 (1994): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1410075.

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Abstract Experiments were done to study the effects of porcine relaxin on osmotically evoked changes in intramammary pressure and the release of oxytocin and vasopressin in anaesthetized rats. Injections (1 μ1) of hypertonic (0·75 m) NaCl into the left lateral cerebral ventricle were used to induce consistent rises in intramammary pressure and the release of oxytocin and vasopressin. Plasma hormone concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay. Relaxin (5 μg i.v.) significantly (P<0·05) suppressed the intramammary pressure response to osmotic challenge 5 and 10 min after treatment. Howev

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Szczepanska-Sadowska, E., A. Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska, and A. Wsol. "The role of oxytocin and vasopressin in the pathophysiology of heart failure in pregnancy and in fetal and neonatal life." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 318, no. 3 (2020): H639—H651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00484.2019.

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Pregnancy and early life create specific psychosomatic challenges for the mother and child, such as changes in hemodynamics, resetting of the water-electrolyte balance, hypoxia, pain, and stress, that all play an important role in the regulation of the release of oxytocin and vasopressin. Both of these hormones regulate the water-electrolyte balance and cardiovascular functions, maturation of the cardiovascular system, and cardiovascular responses to stress. These aspects may be of particular importance in a state of emergency, such as hypertension in the mother or severe heart failure in the

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Kasting, N. W. "Characteristics of body temperature, vasopressin, and oxytocin responses to endotoxin in the rat." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 64, no. 12 (1986): 1575–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y86-265.

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Several physiological variables were measured after endotoxin administration in the rat to examine the relationship between these variables. Rats responded to endotoxin with a biphasic body temperature response, an initial decrease and a subsequent increase in body temperature. Plasma vasopressin and oxytocin levels increased markedly after endotoxin administration. Diarrhea occurred in some animals. There was a strong negative correlation between increase in body temperature and base-line body temperature, and weak correlations between body weight and plasma vasopressin release and between ba

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Windle, R. J., J. M. Judah, and M. L. Forsling. "Do vasopressin and oxytocin have synergistic renal effects in the conscious rat?" Journal of Endocrinology 144, no. 3 (1995): 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1440441.

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Abstract The renal effects of arginine vasopressin and oxytocin were studied in the conscious unrestrained rat infused with 0·077 m NaCl. Peptides were infused at rates of 24 and 160 pmol/min (vasopressin) or 30 and 200 pmol/min (oxytocin) either alone or as a combination of the two lower or two higher doses. The rates of infusion were selected to give ratios of oxytocin:vasopressin similar to those seen in the plasma of euhydrated and dehydrated rats. Vasopressin produced dose-dependent antidiuretic and natriuretic responses, the natriuresis commencing after 15–30 min infusion. Oxytocin produ

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Oyama, Hirofumi, Yoshio Suzuki, Shin-Ichi Satoh, et al. "Role of Nitric Oxide in the Cerebral Vasodilatory Responses to Vasopressin and Oxytocin in Dogs." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 13, no. 2 (1993): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1993.35.

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We angiographically assessed the vasodilatory effects of vasopressin and oxytocin on the basilar arteries in dogs. Intracisternal bolus injections of vasopressin (100 pmol and 1 nmol) and oxytocin (1 and 10 nmol) produced dose-dependent increases in the internal diameter of the basilar arteries without affecting mean arterial blood pressure. The maximal dilatations of the basilar arteries induced by 1 nmol vasopressin and 10 nmol oxytocin were 142.3 ± 19.9 and 136.8 ± 25.5% of the baseline, respectively. When the same peptides were injected into the vertebral artery, the maximal dilatations we

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Ayad, V. J., and D. C. Wathes. "Characterization of endometrial and myometrial oxytocin receptors in the non-pregnant ewe." Journal of Endocrinology 123, no. 1 (1989): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1230011.

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ABSTRACT Oxytocin-binding sites in the endometrium and myometrium of the non-pregnant ewe were characterized. [3H]Oxytocin bound to a single site in both tissues with high affinity; dissociation constants were determined to be 1·96 nmol/l in endometrium and 2·12 nmol/l in myometrium. Oxytocin binding was enhanced by divalent cations with a similar order of potency in both tissues: Co2+> Mn2+> Ni2+> Mg2+ > Zn2+> Ca2+. The endometrial and myometrial binding sites showed the same specificity for oxytocin analogues and related peptides, having high affinity for oxytocin, [Arg8]-vaso

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van Wimersma Greidanus, Tj B., J. P. H. Burbach, and H. D. Veldhuis. "Vasopressin and oxytocin their presence in the central nervous system and their functional significance in brain processes related to behaviour and memory." Acta Endocrinologica 113, no. 2_Suppla (1986): S85—S94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.111s0085.

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Abstract. Vasopressin and oxytocin exert pronounced effects on behaviour by a direct action on the brain. A single injection of vasopressin results in a long-term inhibition of extinction of a conditioned avoidance response suggesting that vasopressin triggers a long-term effect on the maintenance of a learned response, probably by facilitation of memory processes. In addition vasopressin improves passive avoidance behaviour, delays extinction of appetitive discrimination tasks, affects approach behaviour to an imprinting stimulus in ducklings, improves copulation rewarded behaviour of male ra

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Pena, Ana, Brigitte Murat, Miguel Trueba, et al. "Pharmacological and Physiological Characterization of d[Leu4, Lys8]Vasopressin, the First V1b-Selective Agonist for Rat Vasopressin/Oxytocin Receptors." Endocrinology 148, no. 9 (2007): 4136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2006-1633.

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Recently, we synthesized and characterized the first selective V1b vasopressin (VP)/oxytocin receptor agonist, d[Cha4]arginine vasopressin. However, this agonist was only selective for the human receptors. We thus decided to design a selective V1b agonist for the rodent species. We started from previous observations showing that modifying [deamino1,Arg8]VP in positions 4 and 8 altered the rat VP/oxytocin receptor selectivity. We synthesized a series of 13 [deamino1,Arg8]VP analogs modified in positions 4 and 8. Among them, one seemed very promising, d[Leu4, Lys8]VP. In this paper, we describe

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Aulinas, Anna, Francisco J. Guarda, Elaine W. Yu, et al. "Lower Oxytocin Levels Are Associated with Lower Bone Mineral Density and Less Favorable Hip Geometry in Hypopituitary Men." Neuroendocrinology 111, no. 1-2 (2020): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000506638.

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<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Hypopituitary patients are at risk for bone loss. Hypothalamic-posterior pituitary hormones oxytocin and vasopressin are anabolic and catabolic, respectively, to the skeleton. Patients with hypopituitarism may be at risk for oxytocin deficiency. Whether oxytocin and/or vasopressin contribute to impaired bone homeostasis in hypopituitarism is unknown. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> To determine the relationship between plasma oxytocin and vasopressin levels and bone characteristics (bone mineral density [BMD] and hip structu

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Severino, Amie L., Rong Chen, Kenichiro Hayashida, et al. "Plasticity and Function of Spinal Oxytocin and Vasopressin Signaling during Recovery from Surgery with Nerve Injury." Anesthesiology 129, no. 3 (2018): 544–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000002290.

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Abstract What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New Background Recovery from pain after surgery is faster after cesarean delivery than after other abdominal procedures. The authors hypothesized that recovery in rats after surgery could be reversed by antagonism of spinal oxytocin or vasopressin receptors, that there may be a sex difference, and that spinal oxytocin innervation could change after surgery. Methods Male and female rats underwent partial spinal nerve ligation surgery. Effects of nonselective and selective oxytocin and vasopressin 1A receptor antag

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Olsson, Kerstin, and Madeleine Högberg. "Plasma vasopressin and oxytocin concentrations increase simultaneously during suckling in goats." Journal of Dairy Research 76, no. 1 (2008): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029908003658.

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Goats are often kept on small farms where they suckle kids and are hand milked for human consumption. Our first objective was to investigate whether vasopressin secretion increases together with oxytocin during hand milking and suckling in seven goats 6–8 weeks after parturition. Four goats suckled and three were hand milked on the first day and the treatments were reversed on the next day. Blood samples were taken via a semi-permanent catheter. Plasma concentrations of vasopressin and oxytocin increased during suckling, but not during hand milking. Plasma cortisol concentration was elevated f

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Maeda, Y., J. S. Han, C. C. Gibson, and M. A. Knepper. "Vasopressin and oxytocin receptors coupled to Ca2+ mobilization in rat inner medullary collecting duct." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 265, no. 1 (1993): F15—F25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1993.265.1.f15.

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In renal collecting duct epithelial cells, arginine vasopressin (AVP) at greater than nanomolar concentrations has been reported to transiently increase intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) in a manner consistent with activation of the phosphoinositide pathway. To investigate whether any of the known neurohypophysial hormone subtypes are involved, we measured [Ca2+]i in microdissected rat terminal inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) using fura-2. To allow quantitative comparisons of the response under different conditions, we determined the areas under the response curves (in nM.min) over 1

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Hauzer, Karel, Tomislav Barth, Linda Hauzerová, et al. "Post-proline endopeptidase. Interaction of the enzyme with substrates containing disulfide and thioether bond." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 51, no. 1 (1986): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19860234.

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The free thiol group of post-proline endopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.26) can interact with the disulfide bridge contained in some of the substrates of this enzyme (neurohypophysial hormones and some of their analogues). The influence of these interactions on the activity of this enzyme was studied using several substances modelling individual types of interactions: thiol-disulfide exchange, catalytic interaction and a complex interaction including the two preceding types. Deamino-1-carba-oxytocin is catalytically hydrolysed in the concentration range up to 10-3mol/l, oxytocin and arginine-vasopressin

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Chauvet, Marie-Thérèse, Brigitte Lévy, Gilles Michel, Jacqueline Chauvet, and Roger Acher. "Precursors of mesotocin and vasotocin in birds: Identification of VLDV- and MSEL-neurophysins in chicken, goose, and ostrich." Bioscience Reports 6, no. 4 (1986): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01116425.

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Precursors of neurohypophysial hormones are small proteins processed into nonapeptide hormones and neurophysins during axonal transport to the neurohypophysis. In mammals, oxytocin is associated with VLDV-neurophysin and vasopressin with MSEL-neurophysin. In birds, mesotocin and vasotocin are found instead of mammalian oxytocin and vasopressin. From goose, chicken and ostrich posterior pituitary glands, two types of neurophysins related to mammalian VLDV-and MSEL-neurophysins, respectively, have been identified by their N-terminal sequences. It is assumed that, as in mammals, hormonal peptide

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Ayad, VJ, CL Gilbert, SA McGoff, EL Matthews, and DC Wathes. "Actions of oxytocin and vasopressin on oestrogen-induced electromyographic activity recorded from the uterus and oviduct of anoestrous ewes." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 6, no. 2 (1994): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9940203.

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Oxytocin and the related peptide [Arg8]vasopressin (AVP) have previously been shown to bind with equally high affinity to oxytocin binding-sites (presumed oxytocin receptors) present within the uterus and oviduct of oestrous ewes. There is a possibility, therefore, that AVP mediates oxytocic actions through these binding sites. For the present study, ewes in seasonal anoestrus were treated with oestradiol-17 beta (50 micrograms subcutaneously, daily for 2-4 days). It was shown initially that this treatment stimulated the development of high-affinity oxytocin binding-sites (Kd 4.4 +/- 0.8 nmol

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