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Journal articles on the topic 'Passenger seat'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kumar, Vikas, Kindu Oumer, Eshetu A. Merso, Rohit Sharma, Jaspreet Hira, and Barun Haldar. "Ergonomic and Anthropometric Evaluation of Locally Manufactured Vehicle Seats." Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 27, no. 4 (2023): 338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_323_22.

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Background: Most of the cars are imported as cargo vehicles and then converted into commercial passenger vehicles in Ethiopia. Seats are locally manufactured and installed as part of the conversion to passenger cars, with little regard permitted for the standard specifications required. Objective: A descriptive survey, an ergonomics assessment of passenger seats was conducted, and subjective evaluations of seat comfort were collected. Methods and Materials: For long journeys, there are problems of discomfort, back pain, and human fatigue. Anthropometric measurements of respondents and locally

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Jaganmohan, M. Rao, S. P. Sivapirakasham, K. R. Balasubramanian, and K. T. Sreenath. "Investigation of Whole Body Vibration on Urban Midi Bus." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 2066–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.2066.

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The objective of the study is to measure the whole body vibration (WBV) transmitted to the driver as well as the passengers during the operation of bus and to compare results with ISO 2631-1(1997) comfort chart and health guidance criteria. In this study, vibration exposure of the driver, passenger in the mid row seat and passenger in the rear row seat were measured at different operating conditions (static and dynamic). The BMI (Body Mass Index) was maintained for driver and passengers. The results of static test showed that the driver seat produced more vibrations compared to the passenger's

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Sun, Di, Soojin Park, Yongtak Han, and Jinho Kim. "Verification of Automotive Monopost Seat Strength through Dynamic and Quasi-Static Simulations." Applied Sciences 13, no. 10 (2023): 5827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13105827.

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A monopost seat is a novel, lightweight seat developed to utilize most of the interior space of vehicles. The space under the seat can be utilized by inserting a monopost columnar structure between a monopost seat rail and the floorboard. This design increases the perceived spaciousness of the vehicle and imparts passengers with a higher degree of freedom, because the seats can be adjusted more easily than standard seats. Meeting these requirements will require the seats to be sufficiently strong and sturdy in order to maintain passenger safety. Compared to traditional seats, it is more likely

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Hu, Min, and Wei Cai. "Analysis of Lifeboat Embarkation Efficiency for Cruise Passengers under Multiple Scenarios." Scientific Programming 2022 (April 25, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5491621.

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Lifeboats are important equipment to ensure the safety of passengers when a serious accident occurs in the ship. Higher efficiency of lifeboat embarkation is beneficial to improving passenger survival. This study divides lifeboat embarkation into queuing and seat selection stages and studies the embarkation process of cruise passengers. According to the characteristics of two stages of the embarkation process, transfer rules of queue and activity rules of the passenger are proposed. Combined with the rules, 16 types of embarkation simulation scenarios are established. The simulation results sh

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Hu, Min, and Wei Cai. "Analysis of Lifeboat Embarkation Efficiency for Cruise Passengers under Multiple Scenarios." Scientific Programming 2022 (April 25, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5491621.

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Lifeboats are important equipment to ensure the safety of passengers when a serious accident occurs in the ship. Higher efficiency of lifeboat embarkation is beneficial to improving passenger survival. This study divides lifeboat embarkation into queuing and seat selection stages and studies the embarkation process of cruise passengers. According to the characteristics of two stages of the embarkation process, transfer rules of queue and activity rules of the passenger are proposed. Combined with the rules, 16 types of embarkation simulation scenarios are established. The simulation results sh

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6

GRUNEWALD, Erik, Florian RUDOLPH, and Daria TREMER. "APPROACH METHOD FOR FLEXIBLE REALLOCATION OF RESERVED SEATS ON LONG - DISTANCE TRAINS." Transport Problems 17, no. 1 (2022): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/tp.2022.17.1.08.

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Finding a reserved seat on long-distance train travel is supported by aids on platforms and within the train in order to keep the passenger’s journey as short as possible and to minimise unnecessary walking within the train. The allocation of a seat to a carriage number on the reservation and the consideration of the carriage position indicator devices on the platform provide the opportunity to wait for the arrival of the train on a section of the platform that is close to the reserved seat. Nevertheless, there are various situations in reality in which this can only be achieved to a limited e

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Sulung Rahmawan Wira Ghani and Sumarsono. "Penerapan Ergonomi Pada Redesign Prasarana Kursi Penumpang Bus Kampus." Discovery : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan 9, no. 2 (2024): 155–65. https://doi.org/10.33752/discovery.v9i2.8719.

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This research aims to redesign the campus bus passenger seats to be ergonomic and comfortable, considering the feasibility of health risk while riding. Campus bus transportation often causes musculoskeletal complaints among passengers due to outdated infrastructure. This research combines the REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) method to assess posture risk and the Nordic Body Map (NBM) to identify passenger complaints. The REBA analysis results show a risk of musculoskeletal injury in passengers' sitting posture when using the old seats. NBM identifies the most frequently complained body area

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Abduljabbar, Ahmed Subhi. "Assessment of Drivers and Passengers Seat Belt Compliances in Baghdad City." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 34, no. 5 (2022): 935–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2022-34(5)-21.

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Baghdad city population is growing rapidly and soon it will reach 10 million, and this has increased the number of drivers on city streets which accompanied with the absence of adequate traffic enforcement and traffic control devices to match this increase. Current research main objective is to assess city drivers and passenger’s compliance to use seat belts as a safety precaution. The study consists of two main surveys conducted in the field considering gender, vehicle type, and other drivers characteristics. The first one consists of a questionnaire asking respondents to answer multiple choi

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Phothong, Kangwarn, and Benjapol Worasuwannarak. "Aircraft seat: the study of airline seat pitching and comfortable." E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 08018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124408018.

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Legroom is the most critical of the aircraft economy category that affects passenger comfort. Legroom is the most significant improvement in passenger comfort, particularly in today’s Low-Cost carrier, by reducing the legroom to 29 inches on average, whereas the usual seat pitch of the full-service airline is 31 inches. The capacity to change the seat pitch is in the range of 28 to 43 inches within the airline interior mock up. A study to investigate the function of seat pitches that affect passenger well-being during en-route flights. In the main analysis, the understanding of the various sea

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Pratiwi, Amelia Chandra. "Ergonomic Evaluation of Speed Boat Passenger Seats in Derawan Island Using Anthropometric Data." SHS Web of Conferences 189 (2024): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202418901006.

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This research aims to evaluate the ergonomics of passenger seating in speed boats used as a means of transportation in the Derawan Islands, Berau Regency, East Kalimantan. This evaluation was carried out by considering anthropometric data from the Indonesian people. Anthropometric data is used to design seats that suit the size and needs of passengers to increase passenger safety and comfort during travel. The research method involved collecting anthropometric data from Indonesian people of various ages and genders. This data is used as a basis for designing seating that suits variations in hu

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Ahkam, Dikri Nur. "Design and Build an Automatic Train Passenger Ticket Inspection Management System Using RFID." Jurnal Jartel: Jurnal Jaringan Telekomunikasi 9, no. 2 (2019): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jartel.v9i2.177.

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Currently, public transportation is needed by Indonesian people to meet human needs for increased movement or mobility. Along with the increasing public interest in trains demanding an increase in services such as the checking system for passenger tickets still using manual system by officers by approaching passengers in each car. This is'nt efficient, so an automatic passenger ticket inspection system using RFID is required. Passenger RFID is scanned when check-in at station then the data is sent to server via nodeMCU ESP8266, the officer only checks passengers through the data display on the

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Nemire, Kenneth. "Warning signs to fasten seat belts result in higher rates of rear seat belt use in rideshare vehicles." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, no. 1 (2019): 2046–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631515.

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Using seat belts reduces traffic injuries and fatalities. Passengers in the rear seat typically use their seat belts less often than drivers or front-seat passengers. Seat belt use in the back is even less frequent in vehicles for hire such as taxi cabs and rideshare vehicles than in private passenger vehicles. This observational study of adult passengers video-recorded in rideshare vehicles in San Francisco found that a sign mounted at rear passenger seated eye level, and that warned of the risks of failing to wear a seat belt, resulted in significantly higher rates of seat belt use than for

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Zhang, Bing Chen, Wei Min Guo, and Yan Qun Wang. "Research on Seat Design of Railway Passenger Car." Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (April 2011): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.260.

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Railway transportation hold a leading post in the long-distance passenger transport market. Passengers spend most of their time sitting, so seat affect passenger comfort most among interior facilities of coach. One of the major tasks of interior design is functionality and comfort of seat. Seat width, seat depth and seat height are basic functions factors of seat. The seat depth is major issue of functionality design of 25g car. The shape of cushion and backrest are main comfort factors of seat. The backrest angle is major issue of comfort design of 25g car now. The interior system design of r

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Frej, D., A. Zuska, and P. Kubiak. "Selection of child seats in terms of vibration comfort." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1247, no. 1 (2022): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1247/1/012029.

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Abstract The article presents the results of laboratory and road tests of the impact of the method of fastening child seats on the vibration comfort of children transported in them. The tested child seats were mounted facing the direction of travel on the rear seat of a passenger vehicle. Two child seats were used in the work, the first (red) was attached to the rear seat behind the driver’s seat using the ISOFIX base. The second child seat (grey) is attached to the rear seat behind the passenger seat with standard seat belts. During the measurements, the child seats were loaded with the mass

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Arabadzhieva, Svilena. "Concerning the Behavior of Passengers when Choosing a Seat in a Compartment Passenger Railway Car." Innovative STEM Education 6, no. 1 (2024): 120–23. https://doi.org/10.55630/stem.2024.0613.

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This report presents the results of an empirical study of the behaviour of passengers when choosing a seat in a second class compartment passenger railway car. The most and least used seats are identified.

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Crump, Caroline, Robyn Brinkerhoff, and Douglas Young. "Passenger Seat Belt Usage Rates on Shuttle Buses." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (2017): 1674–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601907.

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The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) recently published a final rule requiring lap/shoulder seat belts in all new large motorcoaches and buses manufactured on or after November 28, 2016 (NHTSA, 2013). Studies of vehicle belt use in passenger vehicles demonstrate that many factors other than availability influence whether a seat belt is used by an individual in a particular circumstance. The present observational study examined passenger seat belt use in airport shuttle buses traveling short distances over urban roads with frequent stops, in four U.S. cities. Seat belts we

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Setiyo, Muji, and Budi Waluyo. "Captain Seat: Smart Solution for Physical Distancing on Buses During the Covid-19 Pandemic." Automotive Experiences 4, no. 1 (2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/ae.4383.

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It has been a year after the announcement of Covid-19 outbreak in Wuhan. Activity restriction, implementation of health protocol, and lock-down are enforced to cut-off the spread of this virus. However, in the uncertainty towards a new normal, the mobility of people continues for various purposes. A rapid medical check-up at the airport or at railway stations is possible by the local authorities but it is impossible for public bus passengers due to the limitations of medical staff and a large number of bus stations. Most passengers also failed to comply with the government's recommendation to

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18

Ju, Yeong Jo, Jeong Ran Lim, and Euy Sik Jeon. "Prediction of AI-Based Personal Thermal Comfort in a Car Using Machine-Learning Algorithm." Electronics 11, no. 3 (2022): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11030340.

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Defining a passenger’s thermal comfort in a car cabin is difficult because of the narrow environment and various parameters. Although passenger comfort is predicted using a thermal-comfort scale in the overall cabin or a local area, the scale’s range of passenger comfort may differ owing to psychological factors and individual preferences. Among the many factors affecting such comfort levels, the temperature of the seat is one of the direct and significant environmental factors. Therefore, it is necessary to predict the cabin environment and seat-related personal thermal comfort. Accordingly,

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Hanai, Toshimichi, and Hideyuki Nagashima. "Car Seat System of the Future as Seen in “ARC-X”." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, no. 10 (1988): 588–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/107118188786762702.

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Car seats of the future will have to give even greater consideration to the human aspects of comfort and style. Moreover, driver and passenger seats need to be designed separately, to optimize each seat according to its function and location the car interior. The seat system of the “ARC-X” experimental car is based on the results of body pressure distribution measurement, subjective evaluation, and other human engineering techniques. These were used to analyze driver and passenger postures from the standpoints of performance and comfort. This paper introduces features of the driver's seat and

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Cotfas, Liviu-Adrian, R. John Milne, Camelia Delcea, and Corina Ioanăș. "An Investigation of Social Distancing and Quantity of Luggage Impacts on the Three Groups Reverse Pyramid Boarding Method." Symmetry 13, no. 4 (2021): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13040544.

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The social distancing imposed by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has affected people’s everyday lives and has resulted in companies changing the way they conduct business. The airline industry has been continually adapting since the novel coronavirus appeared. A series of airlines have changed their airplane boarding and passenger seat allocation process to increase their passengers’ safety. Many suggest a minimum social distance among passengers in the aisle while boarding. Some airlines have reduced their airplanes’ capacities by keeping the middle seats empty. Recent literature indicates

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Ozve Aminian, Negin, and Fairuz Izzuddin Romli. "Ergonomics assessment of current aircraft passenger seat design against Malaysian anthropometry data." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.13 (2018): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.13.21322.

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There have been many complaints from aircraft passengers regarding the cabin comfort level during flight. One of the main cabin aspects that influence the level of passenger comfort is identified as the passenger seat. In this study, the representative of the current aircraft seat design is evaluated against anthropometry data of Malaysians. This is done to establish whether there is any mismatch between the seat design and the anthropometry of the Malaysian passengers such that it contributes to the low cabin comfort experiences. Based on the findings, it can be generally concluded that the c

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Purohit, Pritee, Raviraj Gurav, and Sandeep Nalavade. "Improving crash-worthiness and occupant safety of bus seat structures in frontal crashes as per AIS023 using Finite Element Analysis." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2601, no. 1 (2023): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2601/1/012039.

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Abstract Buses are a popular mode of traveling worldwide. In the incidence of a frontal crash (also called a “Head-on collision”) the passengers seating in the second and further rows gets injured due to sudden impact over the front seats. Any accident can cause injury, but statistics show that head-on crashes are even more likely to result in serious harm or fatality to the driver or passengers in either vehicle. During the frontal crash of a bus, if a passenger collides with the next seat and the seat structure performs rigidly it leads to severe injuries. At the same time the front seat sho

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DeGaspari, John. "Out of Harm’s Way." Mechanical Engineering 122, no. 12 (2000): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2000-dec-3.

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GageTek LLC in Rancho Cordova, CA, is working on a load cell to make the air bag safer for the passenger at risk. The company has designed a system consisting of torsion-sensing load cells that calculate the weight as well as the position of the passenger. A load cell, shown on a motorized seat with side air bag in the article, measures the weight and position of front-seat car passengers to help minimize the risk of air bag-related injuries. The load cells are placed at each corner of the seat. The position of the occupant is calculated by determining the passenger’s center of mass. Position

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Vasermanis, Edgars K., Nicholas A. Nechval, Konstantin N. Nechval, and Kristine N. Rozite. "OPTIMAL AIRLINE SEAT INVENTORY CONTROL FOR MULTI‐LEG FLIGHTS." Aviation 8, no. 4 (2004): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16487788.2004.9635883.

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Airline seat inventory control is about “selling the right seats to the right people at the right time”. In this paper, the problem of determining optimal booking policy for multiple fare classes in a pool of identical seats for multi‐leg flights is considered. During the time prior to departure of a multi‐leg flight, decisions must be made concerning the allocation of reserved seats to passengers requesting space on the full or partial spans of the flight. It will be noted that in the case of multi‐leg flights the long‐haul passengers are often unable to obtain seats because the shorter‐haul

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Zhang, Tengfei (Tim), Mingqi Fan, and Sumei Liu. "Impact of Seat Inclination and Misalignment on Airborne Pollutant Transport in a Single-Aisle Aircraft Cabin." Applied Sciences 12, no. 9 (2022): 4538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12094538.

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Airborne pollutant transport in an aircraft cabin is greatly affected by the created airflow. The seat layout can impact the flow and thus the pollutant transport. Most studies have adopted symmetric upright seats for simplicity. The influence of seat inclination and seat misalignment on airflow and pollutant transport is still unclear. This investigation adopted a validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method to study the airflow and airborne pollutant distribution in a single-aisle cabin with seven rows of seats. The pollutant was assumed to be released from a passenger seated in the m

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Zozulia, Vitalii. "The spectrum of body injuries of the driver and passenger in the case of a lethal traffic injury in a frontal collision in the interior of class E cars." Forensic-medical examination, no. 2 (November 25, 2021): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.2.2021.7.

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The article discusses the state of examination of a lethal automobile injury to a driver and a passenger in a frontal collision in the passenger compartment of class E cars. Aim of the work. Investigate the injuries of the driver and passenger in the passenger compartment of an E class car and highlight the signs of being in the passenger compartment in the driver’s or passenger’s seat for practical use in forensic medical research. Materials and methods. The objects of the study were 179 «Acts of forensic medical examination of corpses» and «Conclusions of an expert» on road accid

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Geyer, Judy A., and David R. Ragland. "Vehicle Occupancy and Crash Risk." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1908, no. 1 (2005): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105190800123.

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This study explores the association between vehicle occupancy and a driver's risk of causing a fatal crash, not wearing a seat belt, and using alcohol. The survey population is the set of drivers represented in the Fatal Analysis Reporting System for 1992 to 2002. The independent variables are driver age, driver gender, passenger age, passenger gender, and vehicle occupancy. The outcome variables are whether the driver was at fault in causing the fatal crash, whether the driver wore a seat belt, and whether the driver had used alcohol. For male teenage drivers, driving with teenage passengers

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Tan, Chee Fai, Wei Chen, and G. W. Matthias Rauterberg. "Total Design of Active Neck Support System for Economy Class Aircraft Seat." Applied Mechanics and Materials 372 (August 2013): 657–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.372.657.

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Travel by air with long hours will create discomfort feeling for aircraft passenger especially economy class aircraft passenger. Long hour air travel will create physiological stress on aircraft passenger. It may due to seat space limitation, noise, vibration, cabin humidity as well as seat comfort. Seat comfort is a subjective feeling that related to psychological aspect of aircraft passenger. The current aircraft passenger seat is equipped with a passive function where the passenger themselves needs to adjust the seat for comfort seating position. The aircraft passenger will not able to adju

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Hong, Baiyu, Xiaolong Ma, Weining Tang, and Zhangguo Shen. "Recognition of Air Passengers' Willingness to Pay for Seat Selection for Imbalanced Data Based on Improved XGBoost." International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence 16, no. 1 (2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcini.312249.

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Passenger-paid seat selection is one of the important sources of ancillary revenue for airlines, and machine learning-based willingness-to-pay identification is of great practicality for airlines to accurately tap potential willing passengers. However, affected by periodic statistical errors, air passenger order data often has some problems such as high noise, high latitude, and unbalanced category. In view of this, this paper proposes a method for identifying air passengers' willingness to pay for seat selection based on improved XGBoost, which is improved and integrated from three stages: da

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Jayam, Harika, and Linda K. Nozick. "Understanding the Trade-Off Between Maximum Passenger Throughput and Airline Equity in Allocating Capacity Under Severe Weather Conditions." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2626, no. 1 (2017): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2626-03.

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When the capacity at an airport is reduced because of weather conditions, a ground delay program (GDP) is implemented to resolve the discrepancy between demand for arrival slots and the available arrival slots on a given day. GDPs currently ration the available arrival slots via the proportion of arrivals that exist in the schedule by airline (this practice is termed ration by schedule) with an emphasis on equity among the airlines. Existing rationing schemes do not explicitly consider the number of passengers delayed. This study examined the passenger impacts of a focus on seat throughput in

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Karwala, Łukasz. "Analysis of the selection of a child seat." Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motoryzacji 101, no. 3 (2023): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14669/am/172370.

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The selection of a child seat is not an easy task for future parents. Information about child seats, assembly methods, usability and prices affect the purchasing preferences of parents or legal guardians of children. The article contains information about the factors to pay attention to when buying a child seat. The main purpose of the article is to analyze and evaluate information on the selection of a vehicle seat for the right passenger vehicle and child. The article discusses information about the ADAC child seat crash test and the plus test, which are mainly performed for rear-facing chil

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Frej, Damian, Andrzej Zuska, and Karin Cadge. "Analysis of vertical vibrations affecting a child transported in a child seat during a car passing over the release speed bump." Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motoryzacji 86, no. 4 (2019): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14669/am.vol86.art8.

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The article presents the results of research on the assessment of vibrational comfort of children carried in child seats. The work analyzes the impact of the child's mass and the speed of the car passing through the speed bump on the level of vibration to which the passenger (child) transported in the child seat mounted on the rear seat of the car is exposed. The tested car seats were installed in a passenger car using the ISOfix base. During the tests, the measured values were the acceleration of the seat child seat, the backrest of the child seat, the rear seat of the car and the child seat

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Yang, Ziyi, Youfan Wang, and Jiancheng Tao. "Variation of the secondary acoustic paths from loudspeakers at the seat shoulder in an automobile cabin." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 268, no. 3 (2023): 5490–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2023_0779.

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The secondary path is essential in the design of adaptive active noise control systems, and it varies with several factors in practical implementation. In this paper, the acoustic responses from secondary loudspeakers installed at the shoulder of the front passenger seat to the error microphones at the passenger's ears in an automobile cabin are measured, when the factors including the passenger movement, the seat posture and the passenger number change. The upper limit frequency where the phase variation is within 90 deg. compared to the reference position is analyzed. The results show that t

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Lamanna, Giuseppe, Amalia Vanacore, Michele Guida, et al. "Development of a Head Injury Criteria-Compliant Aircraft Seat by Design of Experiments." Aerospace 6, no. 9 (2019): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace6090095.

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This paper deals with the redesign of an aircraft passenger seat, placed at the first seat row, which was not compliant with Federal Aviation Regulations FAR 25.562 “Emergency landing dynamic conditions” regulation (due to a high value for the Head Injury Criterion (HIC)) and related guidelines. Starting from an accurate analysis of some results obtained via an experimental seat sled test, a numerical procedure was developed in order to improve the passenger safety with respect to head injury. Specifically, the proposed numerical procedure, using the advantages of a Finite Element (FE) model a

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Yengkhom Robert Meetei. "Mathematical Modeling of Railway Reservation Systems: A Case Study with Differential Equations." Panamerican Mathematical Journal 35, no. 3s (2025): 311–13. https://doi.org/10.52783/pmj.v35.i3s.4011.

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Railway reservation systems are complex networks that involve dynamic interactions between passengers, trains, and available seats. This paper presents a mathematical model of railway reservation systems using differential equations to capture the time-dependent behavior of seat occupancy, passenger demand, and reservation cancellations. The model is designed to optimize seat allocation, minimize overbooking, and improve overall system efficiency. A case study is conducted to validate the model, and numerical simulations are performed to analyze the system's behavior under various scenarios. T

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Nemire, Kenneth. "Seat belt use by adult rear seat passengers in private passenger, taxi, and rideshare vehicles." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (2017): 1644–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601896.

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Using seat belts reduces traffic injuries and fatalities. There are no observational studies comparing use of seat belts by front and rear seat adult passengers in the United States (U.S.), and no comparisons of rear seat belt use by adult passengers in private, taxi, and rideshare vehicles. This observational study of drivers and adult passengers in two cities, one with a primary and the other with a secondary seat belt enforcement law, found the laws affected seat belt use by drivers but not by rear seat passengers, and that rear seat passengers wore seat belts more in private vehicles than

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Tan, Chee Fai, K. F. Liew, S. N. Khalil, et al. "Numerical Modeling of Air-Based Bus Seat." Applied Mechanics and Materials 663 (October 2014): 610–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.663.610.

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Travel with long hours will create discomfort feeling for passenger especially express bus passenger. Long hour travel will create physiological stress on passenger. It may due to seat space limitation, noise, vibration, seat hardness as well as seat comfort. Seat comfort is a subjective feeling that related to psychological aspect of passenger. In this project, the bus passenger seat is integrated with air-based and gel-based material. In Malaysia, most of the express coaches are using polyurethane foam based cushion in the seat padding. This type of the seat padding may cause a bus passenger

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Penmetsa, Praveena, Emmanuel K. Adanu, Abhay Lidbe, Xiaobing Li, Shashi Nambisan, and Steven L. Jones. "Relative Safety Assessment for Positioning Children in Vehicles with Varying Levels of Advanced Safety Technologies." Future Transportation 3, no. 2 (2023): 615–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp3020036.

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Recent studies suggest that advances in rear seat occupant protection are trailing while frontal crash prevention technologies have disproportionately improved front seat occupant safety. Therefore, the first objective of this study is to identify the safest seat for children by estimating injury severity by seat position using current crash data. The second objective of this study is to demonstrate that Level-2 and above (i.e., L2+) AVs will be significantly different from current vehicles regarding child injury severity, and therefore it is essential to find the safest seat for children in L

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Liu, Yanxi, Xuan Cheng, Dengzhao Tang, and Xinyue Wang. "Optimization of cabin seating arrangement strategies based on the Wells–Riley risk theory." PLOS ONE 18, no. 11 (2023): e0294345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294345.

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Civil aviation transport is an important source of global respiratory disease spread due to the closely-spaced environment. In order to reduce the probability of infection of passengers, an improved Wells-Riley model for cabin passenger risk assessment have been given in this work, the cabin ventilation and passenger nose and mouth orientation were considered. The model’s effectiveness has been verified with published data. Finally, how the load factor and use of an empty seat scheme are associated with the number of infected people was assessed. The results demonstrated that the number of inf

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Frej, Damian, Krzysztof Podosek, and Kelvin To. "Overview of design solutions for child seats." Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motoryzacji 92, no. 2 (2021): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14669/am.vol92.art3.

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In order to increase the child's safety when traveling in a passenger car, special child seats are used to minimize the child's injuries in a car accident. The aim of the article is to discuss the topic of design solutions for child seats. It should be noted that child seats are built in order to increase the safety of the transported child during a car accident. Child seats are crash-tested. Unfortunately, no tests related to vibration comfort are carried out. Undoubtedly, attention should be paid to the vertical vibrations that penetrate from the road surface, through the structure of the pa

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Kernytskyy, Ivan, Yevheniia Yakovenko, Orest Horbay, et al. "Development of Comfort and Safety Performance of Passenger Seats in Large City Buses." Energies 14, no. 22 (2021): 7471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227471.

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A bus seat needs to be designed ergonomically for better seating comfort. The present study is intended to develop a cost-effective ergonomic bus seat design based on seat comfort and safety demands. As part of the proposed seat design procedure, seating comfort analysis, identifying preferred design features, and developing a seat design are included. An analysis of the bus seat back and seat pan profiles was conducted. Based on the results of the comfort analysis, the authors identified the preferred design features of bus seats during the design identification process. An improved bus seat

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Jahanfar, Shayesteh. "Driving habits – A Canadian study." Trauma 20, no. 3 (2017): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460408617724816.

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Introduction Motor vehicle accidents are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Safe driving behavior constitutes proper use of seat belts as a driver and as a passenger. The correct use of seat belts has been shown to reduce death and injury following motor vehicle accidents by more than 50%. This study aims at investigating seat belt use and driving habits among Canadians. Method A population-based database from the Canadian Community Health Survey was analyzed. Result About 12% reported that they use seat belts most of the times, rarely or never and 27% of respondents were using ce

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Liang, Yuantong, Yandong Dong, Changjun Cui, Yanbing Wang, and Boya Mi. "Vehicle Seat Adjustment System based on Body Image Recognition." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 11, no. 2 (2024): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/gxp1d905.

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A vehicle seat adjustment system based on body image recognition is designed. The system uses body image recognition algorithms to calculate the physique parameters of passengers, and automatically adjusts the vehicle seat position. Through on-site testing, the matching rate between the automatically adjusted vehicle seat position and passenger body shape reaches 98.1%, which can effectively improve the convenience and comfort of the vehicle.

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Yao, Xing, Chunhui Jing, Yaoxuan Huang, and Jinyi Zhi. "A Comparative Study of Passenger Multitasking Activities on Commuting and Leisure Electrified Intercity Railways." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (January 21, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3001392.

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The electrification of intercity railways plays a significant role in energy conservation and emission reduction. Research on passenger travel activities to optimize vehicle services can help to understand how best to improve passenger attraction and the use of intercity railways. In this study, we conducted observational research on two electrified intercity railways that were segregated by the attributes, leisure, and commute. The purpose was to determine the influence of line attribute, passenger gender, age, and seat availability on the types of activities performed onboard, with specific

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Fuchs, Susan, Martha J. Barthel, Ann Marie Flannery, and Katherine K. Christoffel. "Cervical Spine Fractures Sustained by Young Children in Forward-Facing Car Seats." Pediatrics 84, no. 2 (1989): 348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.84.2.348.

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Child passenger safety restraint laws have reduced the number of children killed or injured in motor vehicle accidents in the past few years. However, the increased used of child safety seats has brought with it an increase in the misuse of these devices. High cervical spine injuries sustained by five children less than 2 years of age while in forward-facing car seats are described. In the cases of three children, the car safety seat use was correct. Misuse of car seats and anatomic and biomechanical factors in the cervical spines of infants and young children appear to have contributed to the

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Seriani, Sebastian, Vicente Aprigliano, Shirley Gonzalez, Gabriela Baeza, Ariel Lopez, and Taku Fujiyama. "The Effect of Seat Layout on the Interaction of Passengers Inside the Train Carriage: An Experimental Approach for Urban Services." Sustainability 16, no. 3 (2024): 998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16030998.

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The platform–train interface (PTI) is one of the most complex spaces in metro stations. At the PTI, the interaction of passengers boarding and alighting reaches high density, affecting the boarding and alighting time, among other variables related to safety and efficiency. Developing research was performed to study the effect of seat layout on the interaction of passengers by means of experiments in a controlled environment. The laboratory facility included a mock-up of a train carriage and its adjacent platform. The train was representative of urban services in the Valparaiso Metro (Chile). T

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Zhou, Wenliang, Ziyu Zou, Naijie Chai, and Guangming Xu. "Optimization of Differential Pricing and Seat Allocation in High-Speed Railways for Multi-Class Demands: A Chinese Case Study." Mathematics 11, no. 6 (2023): 1412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11061412.

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There are many options for passengers choosing to travel by train. In order to maximize price revenue requests, railway companies must consider the differences between passenger types in the process of formulating ticket strategies. This study firstly subdivides passenger demand according to the latent class model based on Stated Preference (SP) and Revealed Preference (RP) survey data, then the passenger’s preference for train service attributes is identified. Based on the prospect theory, logit model and passenger flow transfer model, the final passenger flow assignment result is obtained. A

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Kenner, Andrew N., and George Katsimaglis. "Gender Differences in Proxemics: Taxi-Seat Choice." Psychological Reports 72, no. 2 (1993): 625–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.72.2.625.

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Mahamune, Abhijeet, Harshal Bhangare, Guruprasd Dornal, and Jayashree Tamkhade. "Dynamic Seat Management Algorithm for Optimizing Sleeper Train Capacity." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 11 (2024): 1914–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.65535.

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Abstract: In this paper, we present a Dynamic Day-Night Seat Allocation Algorithm designed to optimize the utilization of sleeper train berths during long-duration journeys. The algorithm dynamically reallocates berths based on real-time conditions, optimizing seat usage for daytime sitting and nighttime sleeping. The objective is to enhance passenger comfort, prioritize elderly and family passengers for lower berths, and maximize train capacity through intelligent seat management. Our approach incorporates greedy algorithms to efficiently assign passengers to the most appropriate berth based

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Yuksek, Ismail, Nurkan Yagiz, and Selim Sivrioglu. "An Evaluation of Sliding Mode Control for Vehicle Suspensions." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 14, no. 4 (2002): 420–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2002.p0420.

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This study considers a passenger seat mounted half vehicle model using sliding mode control. Three cases are taken into account: a model having passive suspension and an active passenger seat, an active suspension and passive seat combination, and both an active passenger seat and suspension. Bouncing of the passenger due to road input, which is commonly used to slow the vehicles at intersections, is simulated in three cases and the results are compared to select the best combination providing the best ride comfort.

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