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Journal articles on the topic 'Pattern of spontaneous breathing'

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Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Patwardhan, A. R., S. Vallurupalli, J. M. Evans, E. N. Bruce, and C. F. Knapp. "Override of spontaneous respiratory pattern generator reduces cardiovascular parasympathetic influence." Journal of Applied Physiology 79, no. 3 (1995): 1048–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.79.3.1048.

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We investigated the effects of voluntary control of breathing on autonomic function in cardiovascular regulation. Variability in heart rate was compared between 5 min of spontaneous and controlled breathing. During controlled breathing, for 5 min, subjects voluntarily reproduced their own spontaneous breathing pattern (both rate and volume on a breath-by-breath basis). With the use of this experimental design, we could unmask the effects of voluntary override of the spontaneous respiratory pattern generator on autonomic function in cardiovascular regulation without the confounding effects of a

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2

Kotani, K., I. Hidaka, Y. Yamamoto, and S. Ozono. "Analysis of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia with Respect to Respiratory Phase." Methods of Information in Medicine 39, no. 02 (2000): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634275.

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Abstract:We evaluated the respiratory modulation of heart rate, i.e., respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), with respect to respiratory phase derived from an analytic signal from the lung volume curve, during spontaneous breathing and paced breathing with different patterns. The magnitudes and waveforms of RSA in the phase domain were similar regardless of breathing pattern, even including spontaneous breathing. An examination of the occurrence of heart beats with respect to the respiratory phase revealed that synchronized patterns recently reported in the literature (Nature 392: 239, 1998) were

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3

Kim, T. S., and M. C. Khoo. "Estimation of cardiorespiratory transfer under spontaneous breathing conditions: a theoretical study." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 273, no. 2 (1997): H1012—H1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1997.273.2.h1012.

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Using simulated noisy sequences of respiration and heart rate, we assessed the accuracy of the respiratory sinus arrhythmia transfer function (RSATF) estimation under three kinds of spontaneous breathing patterns: regular or tidal breathing, periodic breathing with apnea, and broadband breathing. Estimation employing the cross-power and autopower spectra of the simulated data produced RSATF estimates that were generally more variable than those computed with an autoregressive modeling approach. Variability and bias errors in the RSATF estimates became larger as respiratory bandwidth decreased

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4

Podgorna, V.V., and A.P. Romanchuk. "PATTERN OF SPONTANEOUS BREATHING AND DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL QUALITIES OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PUPILS." Journal Of Health Sciences 3, no. 5; 2013 (2013): 7–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16142.

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Recognizing the importance of formation of school-aged children physical fitness connected with using of methods and approaches of physical culture the goal had been set in this work is to determine a connection between measures of pattern of spontaneous breathing and level of separate motion qualities development for children who are studying at elementary school. The modern multifunctional method was implemented in research which is the spiroartheriocardiorhythmography (SAСR) allowing to estimate function of spontaneous breathing by the measures of breathing pattern. Thanking to this the exp

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Aguilar, G., J. L. Jover, M. Soro, F. J. Belda, M. García-Raimundo, and A. Maruenda. "Additional work of breathing and breathing patterns in spontaneously breathing patients during pressure support ventilation, automatic tube compensation and amplified spontaneous pattern breathing." European Journal of Anaesthesiology 22, no. 4 (2005): 312–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265021505210530.

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6

Graves, C., L. Glass, D. Laporta, R. Meloche, and A. Grassino. "Respiratory phase locking during mechanical ventilation in anesthetized human subjects." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 250, no. 5 (1986): R902—R909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1986.250.5.r902.

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The coupling patterns between the rhythm of a mechanical ventilator and the rhythm of spontaneous breathing were studied in enflurane-anesthetized adult human subjects. The spontaneous breathing pattern was altered in response to different frequencies and amplitudes of forced lung inflations. A 1:1 phase locking (the frequency of the mechanical ventilator is matched by the frequency of spontaneous breathing with a fixed phase between the 2 rhythms) was observed in a range of up to +/- 40% of some of the subject's spontaneous breathing frequencies. During 1:1 phase locking, there were marked ch

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Jones, Alice YM, Elizabeth Dean, and Cedric CS Chow. "Comparison of the Oxygen Cost of Breathing Exercises and Spontaneous Breathing in Patients With Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." Physical Therapy 83, no. 5 (2003): 424–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/83.5.424.

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Abstract Background and Purpose. The oxygen demand of breathing exercises and the clinical implications have not been studied in detail. In this study, the oxygen cost of 3 common breathing exercises believed to reduce oxygen cost (ie, work of breathing) was compared with that of spontaneous breathing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Subjects. Thirty subjects with stable, moderately severe COPD participated. Methods. Oxygen consumption (V̇o2) and respiratory rate (RR) during spontaneous breathing at rest (SB) were recorded for 10 minutes. Subjects then performed 3

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8

Patwardhan, A. R., J. M. Evans, E. N. Bruce, D. L. Eckberg, and C. F. Knapp. "Voluntary control of breathing does not alter vagal modulation of heart rate." Journal of Applied Physiology 78, no. 6 (1995): 2087–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.78.6.2087.

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Variations in respiratory pattern influence the heart rate spectrum. It has been suggested, hence, that metronomic respiration should be used to correctly assess vagal modulation of heart rate by using spectral analysis. On the other hand, breathing to a metronome has been reported to increase heart rate spectral power in the high- or respiratory frequency region; this finding has led to the suggestion that metronomic respiration enhances vagal tone or alters vagal modulation of heart rate. To investigate whether metronomic breathing complicates the interpretation of heart rate spectra by alte

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9

DiMarco, Anthony F., and Krzysztof E. Kowalski. "Electrical activation to the parasternal intercostal muscles during high-frequency spinal cord stimulation in dogs." Journal of Applied Physiology 118, no. 2 (2015): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01321.2013.

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High-frequency spinal cord stimulation (HF-SCS) is a novel technique of inspiratory muscle activation involving stimulation of spinal cord pathways, which may have application as a method to provide inspiratory muscle pacing in ventilator-dependent patients with spinal cord injury. The purpose of the present study was to compare the spatial distribution of motor drive to the parasternal intercostal muscles during spontaneous breathing with that occurring during HF-SCS. In nine anesthetized dogs, HF-SCS was applied at the T2 spinal level. Fine-wire recording electrodes were used to assess singl

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10

NAUGHTON, Matthew T., John S. FLORAS, M. Atiar RAHMAN, Munir JAMAL, and T. Douglas BRADLEY. "Respiratory correlates of muscle sympathetic nerve activity in heart failure." Clinical Science 95, no. 3 (1998): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0950277.

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1.Sympathetic activation in congestive heart failure indicates a poor prognosis. Haemodynamic correlates of increased sympathetic nerve traffic to muscle (MSNA) and to the heart have been well characterized, but these account for only 50 to 60% of the variance in sympathetic activity between patients. 2.In healthy subjects, breathing pattern modulates MSNA and positive airway pressure consistently increases MSNA. However, in patients with heart failure, the influence of spontaneous breathing pattern and of short-term application of nasal continuous positive airway pressure on MSNA have not bee

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11

Chonan, T., M. B. Mulholland, M. D. Altose, and N. S. Cherniack. "Effects of changes in level and pattern of breathing on the sensation of dyspnea." Journal of Applied Physiology 69, no. 4 (1990): 1290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.69.4.1290.

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Breathing during hypercapnia is determined by reflex mechanisms but may also be influenced by respiratory sensations. The present study examined the effects of voluntary changes in level and pattern of breathing on the sensation of dyspnea at a constant level of chemical drive. Studies were carried out in 15 normal male subjects during steady-state hypercapnia at an end-tidal PCO2 of 50 Torr. The intensity of dyspnea was rated on a Borg category scale. In one experiment (n = 8), the level of ventilation was increased or decreased from the spontaneously adopted level (Vspont). In another experi

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12

Segal, Leopoldo N., Erwin Oei, Beno W. Oppenheimer, et al. "Evolution of pattern of breathing during a spontaneous breathing trial predicts successful extubation." Intensive Care Medicine 36, no. 3 (2009): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-009-1735-6.

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13

El-Khatib, M., G. Jamaleddine, R. Soubra, and M. Muallem. "Pattern of spontaneous breathing: potential marker for weaning outcome." Intensive Care Medicine 27, no. 1 (2000): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340000758.

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14

Winkworth, Alison L., Pamela J. Davis, Roger D. Adams, and Elizabeth Ellis. "Breathing Patterns During Spontaneous Speech." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 38, no. 1 (1995): 124–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3801.124.

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Lung volumes, speech intensity, the linguistic location of inspirations, and the variability of each, were studied during spontaneous speech in 6 healthy young women over 7 to 10 sessions each, using respiratory inductance plethysmography. Although average lung volume levels were within the vital capacity range previously reported for speech (Hixon, Goldman, & Mead, 1973), significant inter- and intrasubject variability was observed. This variability was considerable for some subjects (average initiation lung volume varying between 42 and 63% VC over the sessions) and relatively small for

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15

Steinman, Yuval, Eric Groen, and Monique H. W. Frings-Dresen. "Tactile breathing guidance increases oxygen saturation but not alertness or hypoxia symptoms." PLOS ONE 19, no. 6 (2024): e0302564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302564.

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We investigated the effect of tactile guided slow deep breathing compared with that of spontaneous breathing on blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), alertness, and hypoxia symptoms during acute hypobaric hypoxia. We also evaluated the usability of this tactile breathing guidance. Twelve male military pilots were exposed to a simulated altitude of 4,572 m (15,000 ft) in a repeated measures study while breathing spontaneously and during tactile guided slow deep breathing. Under both breathing conditions, measurements were performed at rest and during the performance of a cognitive task. The Stanford

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16

Zamaklar-Trifunovic, Danijela, Petar Seferovic, Milan Petrovic, et al. "The influence of respiratory pattern on heart rate variability analysis in heart failure." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 135, no. 3-4 (2007): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0704135z.

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Introduction. Autonomic dysfunction is present early in the course of heart failure, and has a direct role on deterioration of cardiac function and prognosis. Heart rate variability (HRV) estimates sympathovagal control of heart frequency. The influence of respiratory pattern on HRV is clinically important. Breathing disorders are common in heart failure and highly affect HRV and autonomic evaluation. It was previously shown that slow and deep breathing increased parasympathetic tone, but effects of this respiratory pattern on HRV were not evaluated. Objective. The aim of the study was to esti

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17

Vitalis, Timothy Z., and William K. Milsom. "Mechanical Analysis of Spontaneous Breathing in the Semi-Aquatic Turtle, Pseudemys Scripta." Journal of Experimental Biology 125, no. 1 (1986): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.125.1.157.

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The normal breathing pattern of Pseudemys scripta (Schoepff) consists of a continuous burst of breaths separated by a variable period of breath holding. Under normoxic conditions, tidal volume was 6.9 ml kg−1 and the number of breaths was 1.9 min−1. Increases in pulmonary ventilation upon stimulation by hypercapnia (3% CO2) or hypoxia (4% O2) are caused primarily by increases in the number of breaths per minute due to a shortening of the breath-hold period. Tidal volume and breath duration remain unchanged. The instantaneous breathing frequency (f' = 60/Ttot) of 35 ± 2min−1 corresponds to cont

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18

Izumi, T., A. Noda, R. Kogawa, and K. Tanjyo. "TIME COURSE OF SPONTANEOUS BREATHING PATTERN DURING ASSESSMENT FOR WEANING." Chest 132, no. 4 (2007): 572B. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.132.4_meetingabstracts.572b.

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19

Powell, Gregory L., Amber Rice, Seres J. Bennett-Cross, and Ralph F. Fregosi. "Respiration-related discharge of hyoglossus muscle motor units in the rat." Journal of Neurophysiology 111, no. 2 (2014): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00670.2013.

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Although respiratory muscle motor units have been studied during natural breathing, simultaneous measures of muscle force have never been obtained. Tongue retractor muscles, such as the hyoglossus (HG), play an important role in swallowing, licking, chewing, breathing, and, in humans, speech. The HG is phasically recruited during the inspiratory phase of the respiratory cycle. Moreover, in urethane anesthetized rats the drive to the HG waxes and wanes spontaneously, providing a unique opportunity to study motor unit firing patterns as the muscle is driven naturally by the central pattern gener

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20

Oksar, Menekse, and Selim Turhanoglu. "Is It Possible to Maintain Consciousness and Spontaneous Ventilation with Chest Compression in the Early Phase of Cardiac Arrest?" Case Reports in Anesthesiology 2016 (2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3158015.

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Chest compression is important in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. However, life support algorithms do not specify when chest compression should be initiated in patients with persistent spontaneous normal breathing in the early phase after cardiac arrest. Here we describe the case of a 69-year-old man who underwent femoral bypass surgery and was extubated at the end of the procedure. After extubation, the patient’s breathing pattern and respiratory rate were normal. The patient subsequently developed ventricular fibrillation, evident on two monitors. Because defibrillation was ineffective, chest

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21

Guy, Ella F. S., Jaimey A. Clifton, Jennifer L. Knopp, Lui R. Holder-Pearson, and J. Geoffrey Chase. "Non-Invasive Assessment of Abdominal/Diaphragmatic and Thoracic/Intercostal Spontaneous Breathing Contributions." Sensors 23, no. 24 (2023): 9774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23249774.

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(1) Background: Technically, a simple, inexpensive, and non-invasive method of ascertaining volume changes in thoracic and abdominal cavities are required to expedite the development and validation of pulmonary mechanics models. Clinically, this measure enables the real-time monitoring of muscular recruitment patterns and breathing effort. Thus, it has the potential, for example, to help differentiate between respiratory disease and dysfunctional breathing, which otherwise can present with similar symptoms such as breath rate. Current automatic methods of measuring chest expansion are invasive

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22

McNamara, Frances, Faiq G. Issa, and Colin E. Sullivan. "Arousal pattern following central and obstructive breathing abnormalities in infants and children." Journal of Applied Physiology 81, no. 6 (1996): 2651–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1996.81.6.2651.

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McNamara, Frances, Faiq G. Issa, and Colin E. Sullivan.Arousal pattern following central and obstructive breathing abnormalities in infants and children. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(6): 2651–2657, 1996.—We analyzed the polysomnographic records of 15 children and 20 infants with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to examine the interaction between central and obstructive breathing abnormalities and arousal from sleep. Each patient was matched for age with an infant or child who had no OSA. We found that the majority of respiratory events in infants and children was not terminated with arousal. In children,

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LoMauro, Antonella, Marianna Romei, Sandra Gandossini, et al. "Evolution of respiratory function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy from childhood to adulthood." European Respiratory Journal 51, no. 2 (2018): 1701418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01418-2017.

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In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), it is still to be determined if specific timepoints can be identified during the natural evolution of respiratory dysfunction from childhood to adulthood and if scoliosis, steroid therapy and nocturnal noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) have any effect on it.In a 7-year retrospective study performed on 115 DMD patients (6–24 years), evaluated once or twice per year, with 574 visits in total, evolution mean curves of spirometry, lung volumes, spontaneous breathing and thoraco-abdominal pattern (measured by optoelectronic plethysmography) parameters w

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Du, Yinling, Kai Jiang, and Haojie Li. "A Respiratory Sensor-Based Study of the Relationship between Voluntary Breathing Patterns and Aerobic and Anerobic Exercise Capacity—An Exploratory Applied Study." Sensors 24, no. 19 (2024): 6310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24196310.

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(1) Background: Exploring the relationship between spontaneous breathing patterns and aerobic and anerobic running exercise performance can greatly improve our understanding of optimizing physical fitness. Spontaneous breathing patterns refer to how the rhythm and depth of breathing affect performance and physical adaptation during exercise. (2) Methods: This study aimed to investigate this relationship by enrolling 240 college students (120 males and 120 females, aged 18–22). We evaluated their resting respiratory rate (RR), the combined total of abdominal and thoracic movements (AM+TM), the

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Sant'Ambrogio, F. B., O. P. Mathew, W. D. Clark, and G. Sant'Ambrogio. "Laryngeal influences on breathing pattern and posterior cricoarytenoid muscle activity." Journal of Applied Physiology 58, no. 4 (1985): 1298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.58.4.1298.

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Receptors responding to transmural pressure, airflow, and contraction of laryngeal muscles have been previously identified in the larynx. To assess the relative contribution of these three types of receptors to the reflex changes in breathing pattern and upper airway patency, we studied diaphragmatic (DIA) and posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA) activity in anesthetized dogs during spontaneous breathing and occluded efforts with and without bypassing the larynx. Inspiratory duration (TI) was longer, mean inspiratory slope (peak DIA/TI) was lower, and PCA activity was greater with upper airwa

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Beck, Jennifer, Maureen Reilly, Giacomo Grasselli, et al. "Characterization of Neural Breathing Pattern in Spontaneously Breathing Preterm Infants." Pediatric Research 70, no. 6 (2011): 607–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/pdr.0b013e318232100e.

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Burns, SM, MB Egloff, B. Ryan, R. Carpenter, and JE Burns. "Effect of body position on spontaneous respiratory rate and tidal volume in patients with obesity, abdominal distension and ascites." American Journal of Critical Care 3, no. 2 (1994): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc1994.3.2.102.

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BACKGROUND: Nursing textbooks and tradition suggest that the high-Fowler's position is best to optimize diaphragmatic excursion and effective breathing pattern. The optimal position for intubated patients with obesity, ascites or abdominal distention has yet to be determined but is important because weaning trial outcomes may reflect the effect of position rather than weaning trial tolerance. OBJECTIVE: To determine the body position that optimizes breathing pattern (tidal volume and respiratory rate) in spontaneously breathing, intubated patients with a large abdomen. METHODS: Nineteen intuba

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Gallego, J., J. Ankaoua, M. Lethielleux, B. Chambille, G. Vardon, and C. Jacquemin. "Retention of ventilatory pattern learning in normal subjects." Journal of Applied Physiology 61, no. 1 (1986): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.61.1.1.

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Two procedures for training normal subjects to increase inspiratory duration (TI) were compared. In the first procedure (feedback), a visual signal informed subjects of their TI value just after the end of each inspiration; subjects were instructed to maintain TI for a set interval previously established by the experimenter. The second procedure (pacing) consisted of delivering a periodic signal to subjects and instructing them to adjust their respiratory frequency to this signal. All subjects participated in two identical sessions, 24 h apart. Comparison of performances between the two sessio

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Behrouzi, Sayed M. E., Alireza Shahriary, Mohammad R. Raoofi, Mostafa Ghanei, and Hadi E. G. Ghaleh. "Evaluation of the effects of dexamethasone in modulating breathing pattern decomplexification in rats with 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide-induced lung injury." Romanian Journal of Military Medicine 125, no. 4 (2022): 596–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.55453/rjmm.2022.125.4.8.

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"Background and Objectives: Sulfur mustard is a functional alkylating chemical warfare agent that gives rise to appalling lung injury. In people with pulmonary diseases, including asthma, the complication of respirational dynamics is reduced. However, the complexity of breathing patterns in lung injury caused by chemical agents is not clear. In the current study, the outcome of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), and mustard analogue, upon breathing pattern of rats without or with treatment were reviewed. Methods: The interbeat interval (IBI) and respiratory volume (RV) data have been acquired

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Haouzi, Philippe, Daniel Guck, Marissa McCann, Molly Sternick, Takashi Sonobe, and Nicole Tubbs. "Severe Hypoxemia Prevents Spontaneous and Naloxone-induced Breathing Recovery after Fentanyl Overdose in Awake and Sedated Rats." Anesthesiology 132, no. 5 (2020): 1138–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000003156.

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Abstract Background As severe acute hypoxemia produces a rapid inhibition of the respiratory neuronal activity through a nonopioid mechanism, we have investigated in adult rats the effects of hypoxemia after fentanyl overdose-induced apnea on (1) autoresuscitation and (2) the antidotal effects of naloxone. Methods In nonsedated rats, the breath-by-breath ventilatory and pulmonary gas exchange response to fentanyl overdose (300 µg · kg-1 · min-1 iv in 1 min) was determined in an open flow plethysmograph. The effects of inhaling air (nine rats) or a hypoxic mixture (fractional inspired oxygen te

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Petersen, Christian L., Matthias Görges, Evgenia Todorova, Nicholas C. West, Theresa Newlove, and J. Mark Ansermino. "Feasibility of Using a Single Heart Rate–Based Measure for Real-time Feedback in a Voluntary Deep Breathing App for Children: Data Collection and Algorithm Development." JMIR Perioperative Medicine 3, no. 2 (2020): e16639. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16639.

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Background Deep diaphragmatic breathing, also called belly breathing, is a popular behavioral intervention that helps children cope with anxiety, stress, and their experience of pain. Combining physiological monitoring with accessible mobile technology can motivate children to comply with this intervention through biofeedback and gaming. These innovative technologies have the potential to improve patient experience and compliance with strategies that reduce anxiety, change the experience of pain, and enhance self-regulation during distressing medical procedures. Objective The aim of this paper

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Keyl, C., A. Schneider, A. Gamboa, et al. "Autonomic cardiovascular function in high-altitude Andean natives with chronic mountain sickness." Journal of Applied Physiology 94, no. 1 (2003): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01258.2001.

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We evaluated autonomic cardiovascular regulation in subjects with polycythemia and chronic mountain sickness (CMS) and tested the hypothesis that an increase in arterial oxygen saturation has a beneficial effect on arterial baroreflex sensitivity in these subjects. Ten Andean natives with a Hct >65% and 10 natives with a Hct <60%, all living permanently at an altitude of 4,300 m, were included in the study. Cardiovascular autonomic regulation was evaluated by spectral analysis of hemodynamic parameters, while subjects breathed spontaneously or frequency controlled at 0.1 and 0.25 Hz, res

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Lane, R., A. Cockcroft, and A. Guz. "Voluntary isocapnic hyperventilation and breathlessness during exercise in normal subjects." Clinical Science 73, no. 5 (1987): 519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0730519.

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1. Nine normal subjects performed 6 min, constant-workload, exercise tests on a bicycle ergometer at either a ‘high workload’ or at a ‘low workload’. During the first ‘high workload’ test their spontaneous breathing pattern was recorded on to magnetic tape. During one subsequent ‘high workload’ test and one ‘low workload’ test they voluntarily copied their recorded breathing pattern. During a second ‘low workload’ test they breathed spontaneously. Isocapnia was maintained by the operator throughout both the copying tests. During the exercise tests ventilation was recorded and subjects indicate

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Road, J., R. Vahi, P. del Rio, and A. Grassino. "In vivo contractile properties of fatigued diaphragm." Journal of Applied Physiology 63, no. 2 (1987): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.63.2.471.

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The effects of fatigue on diaphragmatic contractility in vivo are unknown. In this study we used sonomicrometry to examine the velocity of shortening and lengthening and the amount of shortening in the fresh and fatigued canine hemidiaphragm (8 dogs) including the force generated. Fatigue was produced by epiphrenic stimulation of the left phrenic nerve; the right hemidiaphragm acted as the control. We found that 1) hemidiaphragmatic fatigue caused an increase in frequency with reduced tidal volume; 2) fatigue resulted in a near complete cessation of tidal shortening during spontaneous breathin

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Gustafsson, Per M., Lovisa Bengtsson, Anders Lindblad, and Paul D. Robinson. "The effect of inert gas choice on multiple breath washout in healthy infants: differences in lung function outcomes and breathing pattern." Journal of Applied Physiology 123, no. 6 (2017): 1545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00524.2017.

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The detrimental effects on breathing pattern during multiple breath inert gas washout (MBW) have been described with different inhaled gases [100% oxygen (O2) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)] but detailed comparisons are lacking. N2- and SF6-based tests were performed during spontaneous quiet sleep in 10 healthy infants aged 0.7–1.3 yr using identical hardware. Differences in breathing pattern pre and post 100% O2 and 4% SF6 exposure were investigated, and the results obtained were compared [functional residual capacity (FRC) and lung clearance index (LCI)]. During 100% O2 exposure. mean inspira

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Niérat, M., S. Mehdi, T. Similowski, and J. Lamy. "Multiple sessions of cathodal tsDCS alter phrenic motoneurons output and spontaneous breathing pattern." Brain Stimulation 12, no. 2 (2019): 465–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.515.

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Lin, Shyan Lung, San Shan Hung, Ching Kun Chen, and Hsing Cheng Chang. "A Novel and Experimental Design for Mechanical Ventilation with Optimal Spontaneous Flow Pattern and WOB Feedback Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 2189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.2189.

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In this study, we proposed an innovative design for mechanical ventilation by applying the previously implemented optimal respiratory control simulator as the controller of an experimental ventilation device. Instead of providing a fixed airflow pattern, an optimal spontaneous flow pattern was optimized by the simulator based on patient’s estimated respiratory mechanics and was applied to drive a ventilation device. We also implemented an experimental ventilation control system, including the simulator, a ventilation device, an artificial lung, and a feedback control mechanism to attain minimu

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Hubmayr, R. D., J. R. Rodarte, B. J. Walters, and F. M. Tonelli. "Regional ventilation during spontaneous breathing and mechanical ventilation in dogs." Journal of Applied Physiology 63, no. 6 (1987): 2467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.63.6.2467.

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We evaluated the effects of the different patterns of chest wall deformation that occur with different body positions and modes of breathing on regional lung deformation and ventilation. Using the parenchymal marker technique, we determined regional lung behavior during mechanical ventilation and spontaneous breathing in five anesthetized recumbent dogs. Regional lung behavior was related to the patterns of diaphragm motion estimated from X-ray projection images obtained at functional residual capacity (FRC) and end inspiration. Our results indicate that 1) in the prone and supine positions, F

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Costa, Milton Melciades Barbosa, and Eponina Maria de Oliveira Lemme. "Coordination of respiration and swallowing: functional pattern and relevance of vocal folds closure." Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 47, no. 1 (2010): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-28032010000100008.

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CONTEXT: Breathing and swallowing coordination, despite the expressive number of study, remain as theme deserving further research. OBJECTIVE: To identify a coordination pattern between swallowing and the natural breathing pause that occur in association with it (swallowing apnea) and also the relevance of the vocal folds closure in this process. METHODS: Sixty-six adults, male and female, including normal health people, post-laryngectomy individuals and patients with digestive complaints without dysphagia were analyzed. The respiratory air flux interruptions produced by wet requested swallows

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Horner, R. L., D. Brooks, L. F. Kozar, S. Tse, and E. A. Phillipson. "Immediate effects of arousal from sleep on cardiac autonomic outflow in the absence of breathing in dogs." Journal of Applied Physiology 79, no. 1 (1995): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.79.1.151.

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To determine the immediate effects of arousal from non-rapid-eye-movement (non-REM) sleep on cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic activities, six dogs were studied breathing through an endotracheal tube inserted into a chronic tracheostomy. Mean heart rates (HRs) during non-REM sleep were compared with 1) awake periods immediately after spontaneous arousals (ARs) and 2) later periods of stable relaxed wakefulness (RW). During spontaneous breathing, HR increased after AR (mean = 31.0%; P < 0.001) and in RW (mean = 7.6%; P < 0.001). To avoid the confounding influence of changes in breat

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De Troyer, A., J. J. Gilmartin, and V. Ninane. "Abdominal muscle use during breathing in unanesthetized dogs." Journal of Applied Physiology 66, no. 1 (1989): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.66.1.20.

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The pattern of abdominal muscle use during breathing in unanesthetized dogs is unknown. Therefore, we have recorded the electromyograms of the rectus abdominis, external oblique, and transversus abdominis in eight conscious animals breathing quietly in the sitting, standing, and prone postures. During quiet breathing in the sitting posture, all animals invariably had a large amount of phasic expiratory activity in the transversus abdominis. In contrast, only four animals showed some expiratory activity in the external oblique, and only one animal had expiratory activity in the rectus abdominis

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Cedborg, Anna I. Hårdemark, Eva Sundman, Katarina Bodén, et al. "Pharyngeal Function and Breathing Pattern during Partial Neuromuscular Block in the Elderly." Anesthesiology 120, no. 2 (2014): 312–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000000043.

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Abstract Background: Intact pharyngeal function and coordination of breathing and swallowing are essential for airway protection and to avoid respiratory complications. Postoperative pulmonary complications caused by residual effects of neuromuscular-blocking agents occur more frequently in the elderly. Moreover, elderly have altered pharyngeal function which is associated with increased risk of aspiration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of partial neuromuscular block on pharyngeal function, coordination of breathing and swallowing, and airway protection in individuals older

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Skytioti, Maria, Signe Søvik, and Maja Elstad. "Respiratory pump maintains cardiac stroke volume during hypovolemia in young, healthy volunteers." Journal of Applied Physiology 124, no. 5 (2018): 1319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01009.2017.

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Spontaneous breathing has beneficial effects on the circulation, since negative intrathoracic pressure enhances venous return and increases cardiac stroke volume. We quantified the contribution of the respiratory pump to preserve stroke volume during hypovolemia in awake, young, healthy subjects. Noninvasive stroke volume, cardiac output, heart rate, and mean arterial pressure (Finometer) were recorded in 31 volunteers (19 women), 19–30 yr old, during normovolemia and hypovolemia (approximating 450- to 500-ml reduction in central blood volume) induced by lower-body negative pressure. Control-m

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Van de Louw, Andry, Claire Médigue, Yves Papelier, and François Cottin. "Breathing cardiovascular variability and baroreflex in mechanically ventilated patients." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 295, no. 6 (2008): R1934—R1940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.90475.2008.

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Heart rate and blood pressure variations during spontaneous ventilation are related to the negative airway pressure during inspiration. Inspiratory airway pressure is positive during mechanical ventilation, suggesting that reversal of the normal baroreflex-mediated pattern of variability may occur. We investigated heart rate and blood pressure variability and baroreflex sensitivity in 17 mechanically ventilated patients. ECG (RR intervals), invasive systolic blood pressure (SBP), and respiratory flow signals were recorded. High-frequency (HF) amplitude of RR and SBP time series and HF phase di

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Potočnik, Nejka, and Kaja Stanković. "effect of phonated breathing on oxygen uptake during and after submaximal cycling." Annales Kinesiologiae 12, no. 2 (2022): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35469/ak.2021.329.

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Purpose: Positive expiratory pressure (PEP) exhalation during exercise is reported to improve body adaptation to exercise and enhance the exercise tolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Wearing mouthguards results in lower oxygen consumption and increased performance by increasing PEP in athletes. Airway resistance during expiration can be manipulated by phonation. Thus, the aim of our study was to examine the effects of phonated breathing on cardiopulmonary adaptation to moderate exercise and subsequent recovery. Methods: 26 young healthy participants conducted the

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Sprung, J., C. Deschamps, R. D. Hubmayr, B. J. Walters, and J. R. Rodarte. "In vivo regional diaphragm function in dogs." Journal of Applied Physiology 67, no. 2 (1989): 655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.67.2.655.

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A biplane videofluorographic system was used to track the position of metallic markers affixed to the abdominal surface of the left hemidiaphragm in supine anesthetized dogs. Regional shortening was determined from intermarker distances of rows of markers placed along muscle bundles in the ventral, middle, and dorsal regions of the costal diaphragm and of one row on the crural diaphragm. Considerable variability of regional shortening was seen in a given row, which was reproducible on repeat study in individual dogs but which differed between mechanical ventilation and spontaneous breathing. T

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Kobashi, Noriko, and Yoshio Sugiyama. "Relation between Reaction Time and the Phase of Spontaneous and Controlled Breathing Patterns." Perceptual and Motor Skills 81, no. 2 (1995): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003151259508100230.

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In this study simple reaction time (simple RT) to a visual stimulus of a single subject was measured during spontaneous and controlled breathing, in which the duration of expiration was prolonged (Asian technique). The phases of breathing were classified as the pause between expiration and inspiration, the inspiration phase, the transition from inspiration to expiration, and the expiration phase. Analysis of data from about 6000 trials indicated that RT to the stimulus was shortest during the transition from inspiration to expiration in controlled breathing.

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Cummings, Kevin J., Kathryn G. Commons, Kenneth C. Fan, Aihua Li, and Eugene E. Nattie. "Severe spontaneous bradycardia associated with respiratory disruptions in rat pups with fewer brain stem 5-HT neurons." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 296, no. 6 (2009): R1783—R1796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00122.2009.

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The medullary 5-HT system has potent effects on heart rate and breathing in adults. We asked whether this system mitigates the respiratory instability and bradycardias frequently occurring during the neonatal period. 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) or vehicle was administered to rat pups at postnatal day 2 (P2), and we then compared the magnitude of bradycardias occurring with disruptions to eupnea in treated and vehicle control littermates at P5–6 and P10–12. We then used a novel method that would allow accurate assessment of the ventilatory and heart rate responses to near square-wave chal

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Kox, Matthijs, Jan C. Pompe, Johannes G. van der Hoeven, Cornelia W. Hoedemaekers, and Peter Pickkers. "Influence of different breathing patterns on heart rate variability indices and reproducibility during experimental endotoxaemia in human subjects." Clinical Science 121, no. 5 (2011): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20110027.

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HRV (heart rate variability) analysis is a widely employed method to assess cardiac autonomic nervous system activity. Accurate HRV measurement is critical to its value as a diagnostic and prognostic tool. Different breathing patterns may affect HRV, but results obtained under static conditions are conflicting. HRV indices decrease considerably during systemic inflammation evoked by experimental endotoxaemia, enabling the determination of the effects of different breathing patterns on HRV in a dynamic setting. We investigated the impact of different breathing patterns on short-term HRV measure

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LoMauro, A., A. Aliverti, C. Mastella, M. T. Arnoldi, P. Banfi, and G. Baranello. "Spontaneous Breathing Pattern as Respiratory Functional Outcome in Children with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)." PLOS ONE 11, no. 11 (2016): e0165818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165818.

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