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Journal articles on the topic 'Polish and Croatian'
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Głąbska, Dominika, Valentina Rahelić, Dominika Guzek, Kamila Jaworska, Sandra Bival, Zlatko Giljević, and Eva Pavić. "Dietary Health-Related Risk Factors for Women in the Polish and Croatian Population Based on the Nutritional Behaviors of Junior Health Professionals." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (September 17, 2019): 5073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11185073.
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In Poland and Croatia, similarly as for a number of European countries, anemia and osteoporosis are common diet-related diseases in women, while for both the proper nutritional behaviors and preventive education are crucial. However, for the proper nutritional education there are some barriers, including those associated with an educator, his own nutritional behaviors and beliefs. The aim of the study was to assess the dietary health risk factors for women in the Polish and Croatian population based on the nutritional behaviors of junior health professionals. The study was conducted in Polish (n = 70) and Croatian (n = 80) female students of the faculties associated with public health at the universities in capital cities. Their diets were assessed based on 3-day dietary records. Nutritional value and consumption of food products, as well as the dietary risk factors for anemia and osteoporosis, were compared. While assessing the risk factors for anemia, in the Polish group, the higher intake of iron and folate, as well as vitamin B12 per 1000 kcal, was observed; and for folate, the higher frequency of inadequate intake was stated for Croatian women. While assessing the risk factors for osteoporosis, in the Polish group, compared with the Croatian, the higher intake of calcium per 1000 kcal was observed, but for vitamin D, there were no differences. Differences of the intake between the Polish and the Croatian group of junior health professionals may result in various dietary health risks for women. Based on the assessment of dietary intake, for anemia, compared to Polish women, a higher risk may be indicated for Croatian women, but for osteoporosis, similar risks may be indicated for Polish and Croatian women. Therefore, for public health, adequate nutritional education of junior health professionals is necessary.
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Žic Ralić, Anamarija, Daniela Cvitković, Agnieszka Żyta, and Katarzyna Ćwirynkało. "The quality of inclusive education from the perspective of teachers in Poland and Croatia." Hrvatska revija za rehabilitacijska istraživanja 56, no. 2 (December 23, 2020): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31299/hrri.56.2.6.
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The aim of the study was to explore Croatian and Polish teachers’ opinions on quality of inclusive education. A sample of 173 teachers from Poland and 139 from Croatia completed the Scale on Quality Indicators for Inclusion – for Teachers. In general, teachers reported positive assessments of inclusion quality. Respondents from both countries gave highest ratings on the subscale Support monitoring and evaluation, while the lowest ratings were given on the subscale Teaching assistant support by Polish participants and on the subscale Resources for inclusive education by the Croatian sample. Poland teachers gave higher ratings than Croatian teachers on all the subscales except Teaching assistant support. The discussion makes an attempt to present how two different societal contexts shape the development and implementation of inclusion.
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Błachowicz-Wolny, Anna. "Wyrażanie modalności w języku chorwackim, serbskim i polskim. Podobieństwa i różnice leksykalnych czasownikowych wykładników modalności." Poradnik Językowy, no. 2/2021(781) (February 27, 2021): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/porj.2021.2.4.
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This paper describes the similarities and differences between the lexical verbal exponents of modality in the Croatian, Serbian, and Polish languages. This study demonstrates the usages and meanings of the Croatian, Serbian, and Polish verbal lexemes: musieć (must / have to), móc (can/may), mieć możliwość (be able to), chcieć (want), and presents their classifi cation from the angle of alethic, epistemic, and deontic modality. Keywords: modality – alethic/epistemic/deontic modality – modal structure – lexical exponents of modality – Croatian language – Serbian language
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Remlein, Marzena, and Vlasta Roška. "The disclosure of investments related to CSR in the management report. Evidence from non-financial listed companies in Poland and Croatia." Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości 109, no. 165 (October 29, 2020): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4343.
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Purpose: The paper examines the quality of information on investments related to corporate social re-sponsibility (CSR) in reports prepared by Polish and Croatian companies. The purpose of this paper is to assess the quality of information on investments related to corporate social responsibility (CSR), as con-tained in the management reports of non-financial companies listed on the Warsaw and Zagreb Stock Exchanges. Methodology/approach: basic research method is content analysis applied to the manage-ment reports of non-financial companies listed on the aforementioned stock exchanges. The examined period covers the years 2010-2018. Findings: The result of comparing the quality of information on investments related to CSR disclosure in Poland and Croatia shows that Polish companies disclosed higher quality information than Croatian companies. However, in both cases, we cannot notice very good quality information. They show the information on expenditure on environmental protection, local socie-ty and improving the working conditions of their employees. However, none of the examined companies uses the term Socially Responsible Investments. Originality/values: The results of the research increase knowledge in the field of reporting and the quality of information on investments related to CSR in man-agement reports prepared by Polish and Croatian non-financial companies.
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Daković, Sybilla. "Chorwacki przyimek prema w domenie przestrzeni fizycznej i jego polskie ekwiwalenty tłumaczeniowe." Slavica Wratislaviensia 169 (May 9, 2019): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1150.169.10.
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Croatian preposition prema in the spatial domain and its Polish translation equivalentsThis paper is an attempt to determine Polish translation equivalents of the Croatian preposition prema towards in the spatial domain. The corpus has been collected from pieces of modern Croatian prose translated into Polish. We enumerate Polish equivalents and focus on the most frequent: w stronę + gen., do + gen., na + acc. and ku + dat., by analyzing usage context of prepositions. Hrvatski prijedlog prema u domeni fizičkog prostora i njihovi poljski prijevodni ekvivalentiČlanak je pokušaj utvrđivanja poljskih prijevodnih ekvivalenata hrvatskog prijedloga prema u domeni fizičkog prostora. Materijal se osniva na paralelnom korpusu koji se sastoji od hrvatskih suvremenih književnih djela i njihovih poljskih prijevoda. U slučaju najučestalijih ekvivalenata: w stronę + gen., do + gen., na + acc. i ku + dat. dodatno se određuje konkurentnost kroz istraživanje njihova značenja i konteksta uporabe.
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Łapko, Aleksandra. "Attractiveness of Croatian Nautical Tourism for Polish Sailors." Ekonomiczne Problemy Turystyki 39 (2017): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/ept.2017.3.39-11.
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Daković, Sybilla. "Polskie ekwiwalenty przekładowe chorwackiego przyimka unatoč." Slavica Wratislaviensia 165 (February 1, 2018): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1150.165.7.
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Polish equivalents of Croatian preposition unatočThis paper provides an analysis of Polish translation equivalents of Croatian preposition unatoč. Based on the corpus of modern Croatian prose translated into Polish we establish that unatoč can be translated by secondary prepositions mimo, względem, pomimo, na przekór, collocation nie zwracając uwagi na, and concessive clause introduced by the conjunction choć, chociaż. The main equivalent — mimo was established on the basis of frequency and semantic features.Poljski ekvivalenti hrvatskoga prijedloga unatoč U ovom se članku vrši analiza poljskih prijevodnih ekvivalenata hrvatskog prijedloga unatoč. Oslanajući se na korpus hrvatske suvremene proze injenih poljskih prijevoda zaključujemo da prijedlog unatoč može biti preveden četirima sekundarnim prijedlozima mimo, względem, pomimo, na przekór, kolokacijom nie zwracając uwagi na i adverbijalnom dopusnom rečenicom uvedenom veznicima choć, chociaż. Glavni ekvivalent: mimo je utvrđen na temelju čestoće isemantičnih osobina.
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Baer, Magdalena. "Verb-nominal collocations and synthetic verbs in Polish and Croatian." Humanities and Cultural Studies 3/2021, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8897.
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Analytical structures which are verb- nominal collocations cause a problem in translation, especially when equivalents in languages translated differ grammatically. The article focuses on the forms which are an analytical structure in at least one of the languages, while in the second language they are synthetic verbs. It is rare to find analytical forms which do not have their synthetic counterparts - some researchers believe that they are not collocations then. Croatian synthetic verbs such as nadati se, tuširati se are translated into Polish in the form of analytical structures - to hope or to have a shower, because Polish lacks oneword equivalents. The aim of the paper is to discuss the linguistic phenomena mentioned above. It is based on selected forms of Polish and Croatian. The direct source of excerption material was the publication of Maria Cichonska Contrastive Dictionary of Polish, Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian verbs, in which the author focuses on the discussion of verbs whose equivalents are different from each other in at least one of the languages. There are a few types of collocations, but this analysis concentrates only on verb-noun ones, which significantly depleted the amount of structures excerpted from the dictionary.
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Pintarić, Neda. "Ambiguities about word order in Croatian and Polish languages." Annales Neophilologiarum 9 (2015): 167–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/an.2015.9-11.
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Stanojević, Mateusz-Milan, Barbara Kryżan-Stanojević, and Jelena Parizoska. "A contrastive view of adjectives in Croatian, Polish and English: subjectification as a local phenomenon." Cognitive Studies | Études cognitives, no. 11 (November 24, 2015): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/cs.2011.002.
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A contrastive view of adjectives in Croatian, Polish and English: subjectification as a local phenomenonA study of English adjectives (Athanasiadou 2006) suggested that subjectification (defined as the degree to which the conceptualizer plays a role in construing the objective scene; Langacker 2000) may be helpful in examining the various uses of adjectives in English. In this paper we attempt to do the same, comparing and contrasting three languages: English (as the point of reference), and Croatian and Polish. Croatian and Polish were selected because they allow relatively free combinations, with the caveat that Polish uses postposition for classifying senses. We examine whether subjectification may be taken as the organizing principle behind the prenominal, postnominal and predicative positions found in the three languages, i.e. whether the role of subjectification is global – working across constructions, or local – working within a construction. Examples from three languages showed that although subjectification does play a role in the various positions, it may not be taken as the organizing principle behind the differences. We argue that this is due to the fact that subjectification is a local phenomenon which works within a single construction, which is delimited formally and functionally. This is corroborated by other subjectified constructions. We believe that this is due to the gradual nature of subjectification, which requires recoverable links to previous stages.
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Żylak, Danuta, Andrzej Hadzik, Jakub Ryśnik, and Rajmund Tomik. "INSURANCE PRODUCTS AS PROTECTION TOOLS AGAINST THE RISK IN SPORT TOURISM: POLISH AND CROATIAN CASE STUDIES." Folia Turistica 43 (June 30, 2017): 85–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7813.
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Purpose. The purpose of the article is to assess travel insurance as a method of protection against the risk of sport tourism on the basis of a review of insurance products on the Polish and Croatian markets with emphasis on those prepared for practicing biking tourism. Method. A review of the literature and comparative analysis of the existing range of insurance products within both markets. Findings. The revue was focused on selected insurance products of leading insurance companies on the Polish and Croatian markets. The overview of available insurance products in the field of active tourism is an indication of effective protection against the risk for people taking up endeavors other than those which are considered everyday activities. Research and conclusion limitations. There is no definition of travel insurance in the Polish literature, but it is insurance aimed at satisfying the financial needs arising from the implementation of risk-taking activity for the entity. Empirical studies include leading insurers on the markets mentioned above within their scope of travel insurance offers for active sport tourism. Practical implications. Increasing the forethought of insurance for tourists through awareness of risk and the available insurance coverage. Originality. The paper concerns the important issue of protection against the risk in active sport tourism. It should be emphasized that the Croatian tourist market provides diversified sources of risk financing and insurance which is judged to be the most important method of financing risk in tourism. A comparative analysis of the Polish and Croatian was chosen due to the attractiveness of both countries in terms of tourism resources and intensive economic cooperation in the tourism sector. Type of paper. A combination of an overview with empirical studies.
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Mamić Sačer, Ivana, and Beata Zyznarska-Dworczak. "Assets Measurement Principles According to Croatian and Polish Accounting Standards." Croatian Economic Survey 22, no. 1 (June 10, 2020): 41–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15179/ces.22.1.2.
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Tuksar, Stanislav. "Works with Musical Topics by 16th and 17th Century Croatian Authors Preserved in Polish Libraries." English version, no. 10 (October 22, 2018): 342–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.51515/issn.2744-1261.2018.10.342.
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This paper resulted from research conducted in various libraries of the Republic of Poland within the exchange programme between the Polish and Croatian Academies of Sciences in the period 2008-2013 and during my participation in the international HERA research project MusMig (Music migrations in early Modern Age: the meeting of European East, West and South) from 2013 to 2016. The works under consideration were found in 20 Polish libraries in 11 cities in the form and range of 24 titles written by 10 authors and they exist in several dozens of copies. They form part of a much broader spectrum of all titles written by Croatian authors and published between the 16th and 18th centuries kept in Polish libraries in almost 300 copies in all. In this paper I will briefly describe the authors and their works containing musical topics as well as the Polish book collections in which they have been preserved, with some remarks on both the possible origins of these titles and on the question of how they came to be purchased.
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Zyznarska-Dworczak, Beata, and Ivana Mamić Sačer. "Accounting Systems in Poland and Croatia - comparative study." Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business 22, no. 1 (May 1, 2019): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/zireb-2019-0012.
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Abstract Central and Eastern European countries undergo many political, structural, social and economic changes. In the past decades such countries, like Croatia and Poland, witnessed a fundamental transformation of their societies and economies, which impacted accounting systems as well. The mail goal of the paper is to research the main differences in accounting systems in the Republic of Croatia and Poland. The research methodology is based on a critical analysis of scholarly literature done by the bibliometric analysis, analysis Polish and Croatian accouting standards and legal acts. Based on inductive and deductive reasoning, the paper reveals key determinants and differences of accounting frameworks in Croatia and Poland. The paper proves that it is crucial to consider economic and cultural differences in comparative international accounting research. Research results of the paper will contribute the international accounting literature but also have an impact on the European Union accounting harmonisation references.
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VOITOVYCH, Leontii. "STILSKO: BETWEEN FACTS AND FICTION." Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood 33 (2020): 13–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2020-33-13-37.
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Research on the Stilsko settlement (Mykolaiiv district, Lviv region) was interrupted at the end of the 20th century due to a lack of funds. Gradually, around this important monument started to accumulate insufficiently substantiated hypotheses and fabrications, which were transformed into stereotypes. In particular, this concerns statements about the capital of White Croatia, cave pre-Christian temples and cave monasteries, a system of locks on the river Kolodnytsia. The author analyzed the discussion in European science about Great Croatia in Ukrainian Prykarpattia and the localization of White Croatia. Attention is drawn to the attempts of Polish historiography to prove that this region belonged only to the Lendians, as well as to the development of the latest discussion on Croatian ethnogenesis. Based on this analysis, it is stated that White Croatia was located on the Upper Vistula, Upper Oder, Saale, and White Elster, and Stolsko (Stilsko) in the 10th century was built as the center of the Croatian principality, which was formed, probably after poborani joined western zhytychi-trebovliany. The fortifications remained unfinished and were obtained by the Kyivan army in 992/993. No grounds for claiming the existence of cave temples, especially in the Austrian fortifications built in the early 20th century, were found, and hypotheses about their existence were found baseless, as well as the existence of locks, which were unnecessary on the river Kolodnytsia. However, the mysteries of Stilsko are only started because a certain source (the notebook of Metropolitan Theognostus) noted the existence of Stilsko, which paid 30 hryvnias to the metropolitan treasury around 1331. During the struggle for the Romanov heritage in 1370-1377 not revived as an urban settlement. The article states that its localization remains the main task for further research. Keywords: Stilsko, Great Croatia, White Croatia, cave temples, sluices, Feognost.
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Głąbska, Dominika, Valentina Uroić, Dominika Guzek, Eva Pavić, Sandra Bival, Kamila Jaworska, Zlatko Giljević, and Ewa Lange. "The Possibility of Applying the Vitamin D Brief Food Frequency Questionnaire as a Tool for a Country with No Vitamin D Data in Food Composition Tables." Nutrients 10, no. 9 (September 10, 2018): 1278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10091278.
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Although the role of vitamin D is well known, the possibility of assessing its intake may be constricted in countries with no vitamin D data in food composition tables, as in the case of Croatia. The aim of the presented study was to adjust the VIDEO-FFQ (Vitamin D Estimation Only—Food Frequency Questionnaire), previously validated in Poland, to the Croatian population and to assess the validity and reproducibility of the adjusted Cro-VIDEO-FFQ (Croatian—VIDEO-FFQ). The study involved a group of Croatian women aged 20–30 and the Polish questionnaire was adjusted for a population due to similarities of the nutritional habits between countries. 106 individuals were recruited and 63 completed all the stages of the study. Participants conducted a 3-day dietary record and filled out the Cro-VIDEO-FFQ1 (first stage), as well as the same questionnaire (Cro-VIDEO-FFQ2) 6 weeks after (second stage). The following vitamin D intakes were observed in the studied group: 1.9 µg (0.2–8.0 µg) for 3-day dietary record, 3.3 µg (1.1–10.6 µg) for Cro-VIDEO-FFQ1, 3.6 µg (1.4–7.8 µg) for Cro-VIDEO-FFQ2. The Bland-Altman indexes in assessment of validity and reproducibility were 4.8% and 6.3%, respectively, with mean differences of 0.55 µg and 0.12 µg, as well as limits of agreement −0.91–2.01 µg and −0.44–0.69 µg. The kappa coefficient indicated a fair agreement for validity (0.21) and substantial for reproducibility (0.62), while correlations were significant (p = 0.0027, r = 0.37 for validity; p < 0.0001, r = 0.80 for reproducibility). It was observed that VIDEO-FFQ may be adjusted as a simple tool to assess vitamin D intake in a population with no vitamin D data in food composition tables, while Cro-VIDEO-FFQ may be a valid tool for nutritional assessment in Croatia.
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Petrovska, L., and K. Kirian. "UKRAINIAN, CROATIAN AND POLISH PHRASEMES WITH SOMATIC COMPONENTS AS MEANS OF VERBALIZATION OF THANATOLOGICAL SEMANTICS." Comparative studies of Slavic languages and literatures. In memory of Academician Leonid Bulakhovsky, no. 36 (2020): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2075-437x.2020.36.08.
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The article is devoted to semantic characteristics and structure of phrasemes in the Ukrainian, Croatian and Polish languages with a somatic component that verbalize the concept of “death” and their significance in the national and language worldview. In the article phraseology is seen in terms of its field structure, when its object is explored from the perspective of the phraseological periphery and core. Phrasemes with a somatic component are one of the largest groups in phraseology, because the anthropomorphic model of the world and human as its key element are among the oldest. The importance of the functions of сertain body parts and organs influences the ability of somatism to form phraseologisms: the more important the organ, the more productive it is in creating phrases. Awareness of the phenomenon of physicality allows people to explain and perceive the phenomenon of death. Сoncept is a complex of ideas about a certain object, which is a reflection of the cultural system in which it is represented. Сoncept is often verbalized in phraseologies, when its components present a particular concept. One of the significant elements of the picture of the world is the concept of “death”. The comparative analysis of somatic phraseologisms of the Ukrainian, Croatian and Polish languages confirms that the picture of the world of Ukrainian, Croatian and Polish people showed through phraseologies has a number of common and distinct features. Identical phraseologisms in form and content attest to the affinity of phraseological fund of the analyzed languages.
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Ordulj, Antonia, and Nikolina Sokolić. "Collocational Competence among Polish Students of Croatian as a Foreign Language." Journal of Slavic Linguistics 27, no. 1 (2019): 57–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsl.2019.0002.
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Słabińska, Adrianna. "Słownictwo kulinarne w chorwackich przysłowiach, porzekadłach, frazeologizmach, przyśpiewkach, formach żargonalnych i ludowych." Adeptus, no. 8 (December 22, 2016): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/a.2016.016.
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Culinary lexis in Croatian proverbs, sayings, idioms, songs, and jargon and dialectal formsDishes and food products – the way they are made, their complexity, taste and appearance – are all part of culture and tradition that are created by people feasting at the table. While discussing various everyday issues, they also talk about food – they praise it, complain about it and criticize it. Eating meals with friends and family both in everyday situations and on special occasions creates a special mood. It creates an occasion for confessions, advice, jokes, memories and reflections about life. Various sayings and proverbs, which enrich the culture of a given country or region are brought to life on these occasions. Croatia is not an exception in this regard. Many proverbs and sayings connected with local culinary traditions exist in Croatian. Some of them are known widely throughout the country, others only in certain territories. Numerous proverbs are known throughout Croatia, albeit with a slightly changed imagery.The proverbs presented in my article are found in a dictionary by Josip Kekez, a renowned Croatian paremiologist. It is worth noting that they comprise selected material, which does not cover information present in internet dictionaries. Further in the paper I describe regional proverbs and songs, which are an important element presenting the diversity of Croatian dialects. Each Croatian phrase is accompanied by my Polish translation, which clarifies its meaning. Additionally, I quote other language variants like jargonisms and foreign lexis in culinary vocabulary with a view to present the extraordinary abundance and diversity of Croatian culinary lexis. Słownictwo kulinarne w chorwackich przysłowiach, porzekadłach, frazeologizmach, przyśpiewkach, formach żargonalnych i ludowychPotrawy i artykuły spożywcze, sposób ich sporządzania, złożoność, smak i wygląd są częścią kultury i tradycji, którą tworzą ludzie biesiadujący przy stole. Rozmawiając o różnych codziennych sprawach, mówią też o jedzeniu – chwalą, narzekają czy krytykują. Spożywanie posiłków w gronie rodziny, przyjaciół, zarówno w sytuacji codziennej, jak i uroczystej, tworzy specjalny nastrój. Nadarza się okazja do zwierzeń, porad, żartów, wspomnień i życiowych refleksji. Powstają różne powiedzenia, przysłowia, które wzbogacają kulturę danego kraju czy regionu. Nie inaczej jest w Chorwacji. W języku chorwackim istnieje wiele przysłów i porzekadeł związanych z lokalnymi tradycjami kulinarnymi. Część z nich jest powszechnie znana w całym kraju, niektóre tylko na wybranych obszarach. W całej Chorwacji znane są liczne przysłowia w formie nieco zmienionej w warstwie obrazowej.Zaprezentowane w niniejszym artykule przysłowia i porzekadła zaczerpnęłam ze zbioru Josipa Kekeza, uznanego paremiologa chorwackiego. Należy wziąć pod uwagę, iż jest to materiał wybrany, a w słownikach internetowych notowane są jeszcze inne formacje, których nie będę tu omawiać. Obok form chorwackich podaję w nawiasach polski ekwiwalent w tłumaczeniu własnym, oddający sens całej konstrukcji. W dalszej części opisuję przysłowia regionalne oraz przyśpiewki, które ilustrują różnorodność dialektów chorwackich. Przytaczam także obecne w chorwackiej leksyce kulinarnej inne formy językowe, jak żargonizmy i elementy zaczerpnięte z innych języków, aby ukazać jej niezwykłą różnorodność i bogactwo.
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Rusek, Zbigniew. "O instrumentach, narzędziach, przyrządach, przyborach w językach słowiańskich." Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej 46 (September 25, 2015): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sfps.2011.010.
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Names for instruments, tools, devices and accessories in Slavonic languagesThis article is devoted to the names for ‘instruments’, ‘tools’, ‘devices’ and ‘accessories’ in Slavonic languages. As it was described in this paper, there is no common name, which is an equivalent of Latin ‘instrumentum’ in Slavonic languages. The name, coming from Latin instrumentum, is known in the majority of the languages (except Czech and Slovak), but its scope of the meaning is not the same. In Polish it concerns only musical and medical (mainly surgical, dental, laryngological) instruments, but for instance in Bulgarian and Macedonian it is also used in the meaning ‘tool’ (sometimes also in Serbo-Croatian). In Slovenian it is used both in the meaning ‘musical instrument’, but also ‘special device, used in medical, scientific and measurement purpose’. This name has also a wide range of meaning in the East-Slavonic languages, especially in Russian (concerns not only to musical and medical (surgical) instruments, but also to any tool, used by craftsmen). The name, continuing *pri-borъ is known in the majority of Slavonic languages, but their semantic scope is different (the largest is in Serbo-Croatian). An Old Slavonic word *orǫdьje in the majority of the Slavonic languages has the meaning ‘tool, instrument’, in some languages means ‘canon’, but in Polish it has quite different meaning (for instance, Orędzie Prezydenta RP). The noun, continuing *na-rędъ is present in each West-Slavonic language, and – with a preffix – also in the East Slavonic. The noun, coming from the *pri-rędъ, exists only in Polish, but it has an equivalent *pri-ladъ in Ukrainian and Byelorussian. The word, origins from Turkish alât is a lexical Balkanism, noticed only in the languages of Balkan Slaves (Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbo-Croatian). Other names for ‘instruments, tools, devices, accessories’, described in this article, are not common, and exist only in separate languages.
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Gostomska, Anita. "Polskie dwudziestowieczne przekłady Osmana Ivana Gundulicia / Polish 20th century translations of Osman by Ivan Gundulić." Przekłady Literatur Słowiańskich 9, no. 2 (May 30, 2019): 29–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/pls.2019.09.02.03.
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In this paper, I would like to present the story of two Polish 20th century translations of Osman by baroque poet Ivan Gundulić. In the production process of the translation there were involved three main actors: Croatian initiator of the whole process, Julije Benešić, and the two translators, Czesław Jastrzębiec-Kozłowski and Jerzy Pogonowski.
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POIRIER, JEAN-PAUL. "The Names of the Months in Europe: Agricultural and Meteorological influences." European Review 15, no. 2 (April 4, 2007): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106279870700021x.
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The ancient Anglo-Saxon and Germanic month names related to agricultural activities and meteorology have left traces in names still used in Germany, Holland and Denmark in the 19th century. Nowadays, in a number of East European languages (Croatian, Czech, Ukrainian, Polish, Byelorussian, Lithuanian, Finnish) the names of the months still refer to seasonal agricultural labours or meteorological conditions.
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Ананьева [Anan'eva], Наталия [Naliia]. "Полонистика в Московском Государственном Университете имени м. В. Ломоносова." Acta Baltico-Slavica 36 (July 26, 2015): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/abs.2012.014.
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Polish studies at Lomonosov State University in MoscowPolish Studies at Moscow University are one of specialisations of the department of Slavic Studies at the Faculty of Linguistics. The beginnings of Slavic Studies as a university discipline dates back in 1835. In the 20th century such outstanding scholars as Afanasij Sieliszczew and Samuił Bernsztejn worked as lecturers here. The Polish language and literature together with Czech, Serbo-Croatian and Bulgarian department has existed permanently until today. The Chair of Polish Studies is currently held by the author of the article. Enrolment for Polish Studies takes place once three years. Groups consist of ca. 10–15 people. There is a division into two specialisations – linguistics and literature since the second year of studies. The article presents the subject matter of research and scientific work of didactic workers and their main publications. Student training in Poland and lectures of Polish specialists help mastering fluency in the Polish language.
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Pieniążek-Marković, Krystyna. "Polish Interwar [Non]Democracy from the View-Point of Julije Benešić." Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne, no. 17 (November 6, 2019): 191–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pss.2019.17.13.
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In the article, the image of Polish democracy/autocracy during the Second Republic has been reconstructed. The subject of the analysis were the autobiographical notes entitled Osam godina u Varšavi written by Julije Benešić who stayed in Warsaw in the years 1930–1938 as a delegate of the Yugoslavian Department of Eductaion and Science. From his currently updated notes, a picture of Poland emerged as a state in which the basic civil rights were regularly broken including those guaranteed by the Constitution. The most glaring examples of the non-democratic actions regarded the problems of the national minorities (specifically the Polish-Ukrainian and Polish-Jewish relationships) as well as the prisons for the political opponents (Bereza Kartuska and Brześć). What is more, the observations made by the Croatian translator, writer and linguist illuminate in the form of interesting conotations the Polish mentality.
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Jagódzka, Dorota. "Auxiliary clitics in Polish." Linguistics Beyond and Within (LingBaW) 4 (December 30, 2018): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/lingbaw.5666.
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Polish auxiliary clitics constitute an interesting set of data which draws attention to cross-linguistic differences among Slavic languages. A general principle for clitic placement in Indo-European languages is the one described by Jacob Wackernagel in his 1892 work. He concluded that clitics appeared in the second position in the clause, after the first word in a sentence. This pattern was true to some degree in Old Church Slavonic and still holds for a number of contemporary Slavic languages e.g. Serbo-Croatian, Slovene, Czech and Slovak which have second position clitics. Bulgarian and Macedonian have verb adjacent pronominal clitics and Polish has auxiliary clitics (Migdalski 2007, 2010, Pancheva 2005). Also in the older versions of Polish language the above mentioned tendency was strong.
In Modern Polish auxiliary clitics attach to the l-participle most frequently. However, one of the unusual properties they possess is the ability to choose almost every clausal element for their host. Polish auxiliary clitics can trigger morphophonological alternations on their hosts, which is an affix-like property; however, at the same time they display clearly clitic-like behaviour when they attach freely to words of any lexical class.
The aim of this paper is to present and analyze the morpho-syntactic properties of two kinds of auxiliary clitics: bound and free. The bound clitics carry person-number agreement markers for past tense (the so called ‘floating’ or ‘mobile’ inflections). The free clitic is the morpheme by used for conditional and subjunctive mood.
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Sierocka, Halina, Violeta Jurković, and Mirna Varga. "The Role of Smartphones for Online Language Use in the Context of Polish and Croatian Students of Different Disciplines." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 58, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 173–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2019-0022.
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Abstract Easy and cheap access to the Internet and a wide array of new technologies, such as smartphones, have multiplied opportunities for online informal learning of English (OILE). Yet, despite sizeable research, few studies have examined the issue of OILE in the context of university students of different disciplines. The aim of this research study was to examine the role of online language use through smartphones among students of various disciplines and its possible effects on enhancement of their foreign language skills. The study assumed both qualitative and quantitative methodology encompassing three research instruments: an online survey, the self-assessment language competence grid of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFRL; Council of Europe, 2001) and a semi-structured interview. Data were collected with 377 students from two universities: University of Białystok, Poland and University of Osijek, Croatia. The research outcomes indicate that both Croatian and Polish students of different disciplines use their smartphones chiefly for receptive activities with infrequent use for language learning purposes and the predominant use of the mother tongue or English for the listed online activities through smartphones do not significantly affect the self-assessed level of their communicative competence in English. However, it can be stated that the choice of the preponderant language for online use through smartphones, especially for study-related issues, is conditioned by the students’ discipline of study.
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Dronov, Aleksandr M. "The Military Frontier of the Habsburg Monarchy between the Croatian and Serbian Ideas of National Integration (1826–1848)." Slavic World in the Third Millennium 15, no. 3-4 (2020): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2412-6446.2020.15.3-4.01.
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From the 1820s to the 1840s, the borderland between the Austrian and Ottoman empires witnessed the creation and development of national movements among Serbs and Croats who lived in administrative and political units with special legal status. One of these territories was the Military Frontier, which turned into a battlefield between the Croatian “Illyrians” (Zagreb) and the Serbian “rodoljubs” (Matica Srpska) for the sympathy of the population. The massive territory and dense population of the Military Frontier attracted the architects of territorial and national integration, and the paramilitary population was considered an instrument in achieving political goals. The population of the Military Frontier spoke the Shtokavian dialect of Serbo-Croatian (which also spread, for example, in Dalmatia and Slavonia), and for this reason the Illyrians took this dialect as the basis for Croatian literary language. In doing so, they were able to spread their ideas through printed materials, which they circulated in the Military Frontier. However, the Serbian “rodoljubs” suspected the Croats of wanting Croatisation and Catholicisation. Both national movements built their agitation on the basis of a historical narrative; Serbs by referring to heroes of Serbian history, and Illyrians by amalgamating Serbian and Croatian heroes together to create a single pantheon for all South Slavs. The Serbian Principality (under the rule of the Ottoman Empire) also claimed their share in the future Serbian unification. For its ruling elite, the Hungarian Srem with the residence of the Serbian Metropolitan was of particular interest. Some Croatian and Serbian politicians worked on a plan of joint action regarding the Military Frontier and turned to Polish émigrés for support.
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Zyznarska-Dworczak, Beata, Ivana Mamić Sačer, and Daša Mokošová. "Accounting systems in Croatia, Poland, and Slovakia – a comparative study." Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości 109, no. 165 (October 29, 2020): 193–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4348.
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Purpose: This paper provides a comparative analysis of accounting systems in three Central and East-ern European countries − Croatia, Poland, and Slovakia. The main goal of the paper is to contribute to the understanding of the main differences and their main economic, historical, and cultural reasons. Methodology/approach: The research based on a comparative analysis of Croatian, Polish, and Slovak accounting regulations allows for the identification of important differences in accounting standards, despite the geopolitical proximity of the analysed countries and their Slavic roots. Findings: The paper demonstrates that the economic differences between the countries may influence the development of their accounting systems. Our empirical research also reveals that accession to the European Union had a significant impact on the development of accounting in these countries. Moreover, our research verified whether cultural differences influence accounting systems and financial reporting in the analyzed coun-tries. Originality/value: The similarities and differences in accounting systems indicated in this paper may help regulators assess real opportunities to harmonize accounting regulations in the member states of the European Union in the face of economic and cultural factors.
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Smiljanić, Dražen. "Croatia's defence industrial base - an economic policy perspective." Ekonomski pregled 69, no. 4 (September 7, 2018): 439–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32910/ep.69.4.5.
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This paper evaluates the developments in Croatia’s defence industrial base (DIB) from an economic policy perspective. By reviewing existing strategic and policy documents, this evaluation analyses the potentials and obstacles of Croatia’s DIB to become beneficial to the overall Croatian economy and a relevant supplier for the national defence. The result shows that the DIB in the Republic of Croatia is neither being developed nor sustained under a formal defence industrial policy/strategy framework. However, a systematic approach based on the Smart Specialisation Strategy provides a broad framework for initiatives and practices aiming to ensure viability and growth of the firms comprising Croatia’s DIB.
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Boguska, Anna. "Przemiany utopii w chorwackiej prozie insularnej drugiej połowy XX i początku XXI wieku na wybranych przykładach." Slavia Meridionalis 14 (November 27, 2014): 329–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sm.2014.016.
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Transformations of utopia in the Croatian insular prose of the second half of 20th and the first half of the 21st centuries based on examplesThe article is an attempt to show a different means of presenting the newest Croatian literature than through topics such as the problem of the country’s national tradition, patriotism, post-communism, and issues of identity and emigration, which seems to be the most popular tendency among Polish researchers. Placing her research in the regionalistic stream, the author of the article discusses Croatian insular prose through the category of utopia. She sees The lost homeland [Izgubljeni zavičaj] by Slobodan Novak as an example of modern utopia, interprets The Island of Dreams [Otok snova] by Damir Miloš as a postmodern dystopia and perceives A Guide Across the Island [Vodič po otoku] by Senko Karuza as a vision of a new, post-postmodern type of utopia. Przemiany utopii w chorwackiej prozie insularnej drugiej połowy XX i początku XXI wieku na wybranych przykładachArtykuł jest próbą pokazania innego sposobu prezentowania najnowszej literatury chorwackiej aniżeli poprzez takie tematy jak problematyka narodowej tradycji kraju, patriotyzm, postkomunizm, kwestie tożsamości i emigracji, co wydaje się najbardziej popularną tendencją wśród polskich badaczy. Autor artykułu, wpisując swoje badanie w nurt regionalistyczny, omawia chorwacką prozę insularną poprzez kategorię utopii. Izgubljeni zavičaj Slobodana Novaka widzi jako przykład utopii modernistycznej, Otok snova Damira Miloša interpretuje jako postmodernistyczną dystopię, zaś Vodič po otoku Senka Karuzy postrzega jako wizję nowego rodzaju utopii post-postmodernistycznej.
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Gračanin, Paula Androić, Fabian Welc, Ana Konestra, and Bartosz Nowacki. "An integrated geoarchaeological approach to late Iron Age settlement at Haštelina hillfort (Lopar, Island of Rab, Croatia) using Amplitude Data Comparison (ADC) method and trial excavation." Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, no. 29/2 (December 31, 2020): 447–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2.19.
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Geophysical prospection and small-scale archaeological excavation were undertaken on the site of Kaštelina, Late Iron Age hillfort settlement located on a small coastal promontory of Stolac in the east part of the Rab island (Kvarner gulf, Croatia). Carried out by a Polish – Croatian team within the “Archaeological topography of the island of Rab” programme, the aim of this research was to obtain preliminary information relevant to determining the periods of occupation, degree of preservation, nature of the selected site features and potential of this site for further investigation. Multidisciplinary methods of research included ground penetrating radar and magnetometer together with the implementation using Amplitude Data Comparison (ADC) method which resulted in detecting remains of Late Iron Age building structures distributed over the northwest side of the Stolac promontory. Archaeological excavations that followed the geophysical survey resulted in unearthing remains of a dwelling together with its associated outdoor facilities. Benefits of multidisciplinary approach on the site of Kaštelina will be preliminary presented, stressing out the importance of gathered data for the general understanding of Late Iron Age settlements and their internal organisation in a wider context.
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Lewkowicz, Łukasz. "The Three Seas Initiative as a new model of regional cooperation in Central Europe: A Polish perspective." UNISCI Journal 18, no. 54 (October 2020): 177–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31439/unisci-101.
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The Three Seas Initiative (TSI) is a new Polish-Croatian initiative of regional cooperation in Central Europe, launched in 2016. The goal of TSI was from the beginning cooperation in the areas of: energy, logistics and transport as well as digital cooperation. The aim of the article was to present the conditions of cooperation under TSI, to evaluate the activities of the TSI investment fund, the CEEplus stock index and selected projects implemented under the TSI. Opportunities and challenges currently facing TSI are presented, including the new EU budget, the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the region's economy and the influence of external actors. TSI became part of the tradition of Polish political activity in the region of Central and Eastern Europe. From 2018, the Initiative moved from the concept phase to the implementation phase. The concrete “success story” will determine the effectiveness of TSI cooperation
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Heo, Yong. "An Analysis on Consonantal Systems of Modern Slavic Langauges: forcused on Russian, Polish, Czech and Serbo-Croatian." Language and Linguistics 83 (February 28, 2018): 277–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.20865/20198310.
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Bethin, Christina Y., Charles E. Townsend, and Laura A. Janda. "Common and Comparative Slavic: Phonology and Inflection with Special Attention to Russian, Polish, Czech, Serbo-Croatian, Bulgarian." Slavic and East European Journal 42, no. 1 (1998): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/310093.
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Schmalstieg, William R., Charles E. Townsend, and Laura A. Janda. "Common and Comparative Slavic: Phonology and Inflection with Special Attention to Russian, Polish, Czech, Serbo-Croatian, Bulgarian." Language 74, no. 1 (March 1998): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417633.
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KOMARYTSIA, Anna. "ARTISTIC TRANSCRIPTION OF THE EDGAR ALLAN POE'S IMAGERY IN ANTUN GUSTAV MATOŠ'S AND MYKHAILO YATSKIV'S PROSE." Problems of slavonic studies, no. 68 (2019): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sls.2019.68.3079.
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Background: On the one hand, the literary works of A.G. Matoš were studied by Croatian scholars in the context of the philosophy and poetics of modernism. The authors of fundamental studies about A.G. Matoš are Dubravko Jelčić, Dubravka Oraić Tolić, Mladen Dorkin, Zlatko Posavac, Miljenko Majetić and Nada Iveljić. On the other hand, Ukrainian researchers Mykola Ilnytskyi, Solomiya Pavlychko, Oksana Melnyk, and Polish researcher Agnieszka Matusiak analyzed and studied M. Yatskiv's creative style in the context of the aesthetic canons of the modernism. The novelty of this article is in addressing the influence of E. Poe on the literary texts of the Ukrainian and Croatian modernists using the comparative approach. Purpose: This is the first attempt to analyze the influence of E. Poe on A. G. Matoš and M. Yatskiv. This article treats the actual and yet not studied question of a multilayer impact (composition, imagery set) of the American writer on the Croatian and Ukrainian modernist writers. Results: Romanticism writer Edgar Poe undoubtedly influenced Mykhailo Yatskiv and Antun Gustav Matoš, especially with his essay “The Philosophy of Composition”. In this essay the author demonstrates the principle of constructing the plot with the logic and the hidden mechanisms of imagery construction. But in the biography of the American writer we can find facts that poems such as “Nevermore”, “Ligeia” and others weren`t the result of logic, but they were yearning for his wife who passed away being very young. The author of this study found a numerous allusions on the essay “The Philosophy of Composition” by E. Poe, his images of a horror crow and a cat, as well as the images of dead beloved beautyis in many literary works of A.G. Matoš and M. Yatskiv. Croatian and Ukrainian symbolists also used E. Poe`s technique of the total effect. Mystery element is generalized in the literary texts of three authors in the images of the sphinx, which has several meanings. The most common meaning is the abstract definition of something mysterious that needs to be answered. Similarities between Matoš's and Yatskiv's imagery with American writer E. Poe prove, that Ukrainian and Croatian writers were inspired by the world art achievements, creatively transforming ideas that were contemporary both to the romanticism and modernism. Key words: Edgar Allan Poe, Antun Gustav Matoš, Mykhailo Yatskiv, modernism, romanticism, “The Philosophy of Composition”, art scenography.
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Demeshchuk, Аnatolii. "Relations of the Republic of Croatia with EU Countries (1992-1999)." European Historical Studies, no. 12 (2019): 6–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2019.12.6-27.
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This article considers a development and peculiar properties of relations of the Republic of Croatia with European Union countries from the moment of this state’s international recognition on 15 January 1992 to the first Croatian president Franjo Tudjman’s death on 10 December 1999. The main attention is paid to those Western European countries, that played the most significant role in dealing with the crisis on the territory of former Yugoslavia and that had the most crucial place in Zagreb’s foreign policy during the first decade of Croatian independence: Federal Republic of Germany, Austria, France, Great Britain, Italy, Sweden and Vatican (however, the two last are not EU members). The attitude of these countries towards Croatia’s diplomatic goals during 1990ies and the dynamics of their relations with Croatian government, that weren’t constant, are analyzed in this article. The special attention is focused on the reasons of firm German and Austrian support for Croatia at the very beginning of its independence and their significant humanitarian aid for Croats during the war. From the other hand, there are explained reasons of skeptical and cold French and British position on Croatian question and the role of the history in Italian-Croatian relations after 1990. And, of course, Croatian problems and real obstacles in relations with Western European countries and with prospective of European integration during the presidency of Franjo Tudjman (that were really pessimistic) are also considered in this article. The newest researches of Croatian and other foreign authors on Croatian foreign policy in 1990ies were used for preparing this small research, as well as materials of foreign media, mostly Western and Croatian.
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Temchin, Sergei. "The Arabic-Turkish Fragments of the Croatian Latinist Writer Bartul Đurđević in the Polish Anti-Tatar Book Alfurkan Tatarski by Piotr Czyżewski (Wilno, 1616/1617)." Slavistica Vilnensis 65, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/slavviln.2020.65(2).45.
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The article focuses on the small Oriental texts published in Piotr Czyżewski’s Polish anti-Muslim pamphlet Alfurkan tatarski (Wilno, 1616/1617) directed against the local Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. These texts consist of a small Arabic-Turkish prayer and the well-known Ottoman prophecy about “The Red Apple” and the expected victory of Christians over the Turks. The author argues that they go back to the Latin-language editions of the Croatian writer Bartul Đurđević/Bartolomej Georgijević (c. 1506 – c. 1566), who, after his return from a long Ottoman captivity, published several books on the Turkish subjects that were translated into many national European languages and disseminated in different editions throughout Western and Central Europe. These editions often contained samples of Ottoman texts accompanied by a parallel Latin translation and Latin-language interpretations of them, as well as small bilingual dictionaries, thus introducing Islam and the Turkish language to Europe. The article demonstrates the widespread prevalence of both Oriental texts (the Arabic-Turkish prayer and the Ottoman prophecy) in the European printed tradition and the presence of interest in them in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, evidenced by a manuscript copy of the Ottoman prophecy (late 17th century) and the Polish translation of both texts published in 1548 and 1615.
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Stanojević, Marek, and Barbara Kryżan-Stanojević. "Słowa kluczowe podawane przez autora publikacji jako podstawa opisu bibliograficznego w iSybislawie." Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej 49 (December 31, 2014): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sfps.2014.020.
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Author-provided keywords as the basis of bibliographical description in the iSybislaw bibliographyA bibliographer primarily relies on the abstract and keywords provided by the author of the original article. However the author-provided abstract and keywords are rarely sufficient. The bibliographer’s task is to ascertain that they correspond to the content of the article itself, as well as to find the closest equivalents in the language of the bibliography, Polish in our case. Additional confounding factors in determining the keywords corresponding most accurately to the submission in question include terminological inconsistencies within the works by certain authors, terminological inconsistencies within each of the languages as well as possible inconsistencies due to different theoretical backgrounds. This article deals with all of these issues on the basis of two pairs of examples. The first is the Polish term frazeologizm ‘idiom, phrase’ and the Croatian term frazem ‘idiom, phrase’. The second pair is the Polish term dialekt ‘dialect’ and the Croatian terms dijalekt/narječje ‘dialect/vernacular’. The complication inherent in the work of the bibliographer is due to, inter alia, the fact that the bibliographer’s strategy in prepairing the bibliographic description should enable the user to achieve the best possible effectiveness and efficiency in his/her search. Słowa kluczowe podawane przez autora publikacji jako podstawa opisu bibliograficznego w iSybislawieStreszczenie/abstrakt i słowa kluczowe podane przez autora w oryginalnym artykule są podstawą opracowania bibliograficznego, nie stanowią jednak wystarczającego źródła pracy bibliografa. Jego zadaniem jest przede wszystkim sprawdzenie, czy streszczenie/abstrakt i słowa kluczowe odpowiadają treści samego artykułu. Kolejne zadanie polega na odnalezieniu w języku bibliografii (w naszym przypadku jest to język polski) najbliższych ekwiwalentów słów kluczowych. Czynniki utrudniające dobór odpowiednich słów kluczowych z istniejącej bazy to brak ujednolicenia terminologicznego w pracach niektórych autorów, zróżnicowanie terminologiczne między językami, a także różnice terminologiczne związane z różnymi teoriami lingwistycznymi. W niniejszym artykule rozpatrywane są wszystkie te problemy na podstawie dwu przykładów. Pierwszy z nich stanowi para: polski termin frazeologizm i chorwacki termin frazem. Drugi reprezentowany jest przez polski termin dialekt i chorwackie terminy dijalekt/narječje. Problemy w pracy bibliografa wiążą się z opracowywaniem przez niego opisu bibliograficznego, który powinien zapewnić użytkownikowi jak największą skuteczność wyszukiwania informacji.
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Despot, Kristina Štrakalj, Inna Skrynnikova, and Julia Ostanina Olszewska. "Cross-linguistic Analysis of Metaphorical Conceptions of душа/dusza/duša (ʻsoulʼ) in Slavic Languages (Russian, Polish, and Croatian)." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 38 (September 25, 2012): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v38i0.3347.
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<p>The concept of soul serves as a cue to revealing and understanding existential representation of human immaterial nature in different cultures, thus being one of the basic elements which forms the linguistic picture of the world fixed in national mentality. A great body of research is based on the idea that the concept of soul concerns several key issues in human life: the source of life, cognition and emotion, personality traits, social relationships, and human destiny. The concept of soul has been actively studied from mythological, religious, philosophic, cognitive, sociological and psychological perspectives. A number of authors have analyzed the concept of soul from the point of view of its linguistic representation in different languages: Wierzbicka (1989; 1992); Shmelev (1997); Mikheev (1999); Vardanyan (2007); Kolesnikova (2011); Tszin (2010); Uryson (1999); etc. Our research differs from the previous ones in the sense that it is cross-linguistic, corpus-based and cognitive in nature. This paper is an attempt to carry out a cross-linguistic, corpus-based and cognitive analysis of the concept in question in three Slavic languages: Russian (East Slavic), Polish (West Slavic), and Croatian (South Slavic).</p>
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Koncewicz-Dziduch, Edyta. "Kulturowe aspekty „mowy nienawiści” we frazeologii animalistycznej w języku polskim i chorwackim." Zoophilologica, no. 6 (December 29, 2020): 301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/zoophilologica.2020.06.20.
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This paper is an analysis of idioms containing the name of the animal (animalistic phraseology) in Polish and Croatian and animal lexemes that can have the function of negative expressions of man – zooinvective. Attention is paid to anthropocentric treatment of animals in phraseology, using them to negative evaluation human traits and behaviors, such as: stupidity, cruelty, stubbornness, too much sex drive, gluttony, drunkenness, falsehood, dishonesty, ugliness, awkwardness. Animalistic phraseology also pays attention to the aspect of bad treatment of pets (dog, cat) and farm animals (horse, ox, donkey, domestic fowl). The phenomenon of negative treatment of some animals may be a manifestation a kind of “hate speech,” because it favors the creation and consolidation of negative stereotypes and cultural portraits of some representatives of the fauna world.
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Yakovina, Tvtrko. "CROATIAN POLITICS: SYMBOLS AND INACTIVITY." Urgent Problems of Europe, no. 2 (2021): 101–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/ape/2021.02.05.
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The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the foreign policy of the Republic of Croatia in close connection with its domestic policy. The author examines the balance of political forces in the country on the eve, during and after the presidential elections in 2019/2020, as well as the elections to Sabor (parliament) in July 2020. He describes in detail the situation in the party that won the elections to Sabor, - the Croatian Democratic Union, - and the internal party struggle between representatives of the centrist and right-wing nationalist groups. Largely thanks to the current leader and prime minister of Croatia A. Plenković, it ended in 2020 with the victory of the centrists. At the same time, the presidential elections in December 2019 - January 2020 were won by the candidate of the left-center - Social Democrat Z. Milanović, who defeated the CDU representative K. Grabar-Kitarović, who held this post. The author believes that in Croatia, as a result of the presidential and parliamentary elections in 2019/2020, a situation has developed in which the president and the prime minister, representatives of the left and the right centers respectively, can, through joint efforts, pursuing their own political goals, update Croatia’s domestic and foreign policy, including in the Balkan / South-Eastern Europe region. The previous policy of Croatia, according to the author, was unsuccessful. The previous leadership of Croatia, using as a basis the ideology of nationalism and fearing that Croatia would be historically associated with Yugoslavia and the Balkans, pursued a policy of self-isolation in the very region in which Croatia could play an important role. The balance of power formed in Croatia in 2020 makes it possible to intensify Croatia’s policy in the region, on the basis of a possible normalization of relations with the Serbian community of the country as well as through the process of improving relations with Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Without this transformation, the final stabilization in the Balkans / South-Eastern Europe region is impossible.
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Kryżan-Stanojević, Barbara. "Synonim – pojęcie zapomniane. O dżokeryzacji współczesnego języka." Slavia Meridionalis 10 (August 31, 2015): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sm.2010.013.
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Forgetting synonyms: on the “jokerization” of everyday languageThe democratization of social relations can bring about linguistic liberalization, where the effectiveness and speed of transmitting information are of utmost importance. Wherever possible, information is presented in a condensed form, as an icon or a gesture. When speaking, we increasingly rely on a limited vocabulary, using very polysemous and broad terms. Such terms undergo jokerization – they begin functioning as wild cards in a card game, being able to represent any other cards depending on the current needs.In addition to internationalisms, which appear as jokers as a matter of course (e.g. Polish super ‘great’ and ekstra ‘great’), native words may also be used as jokers. In this case, in addition to their core meaning, they develop a new joker meaning signaled by new formal features, such as loss of inflections (cf. Croatian mrak lit. ‘dark’, joker ‘great’; guba lit. ‘leprosy’, joker ‘great’). When used in this way, they may form new derivational chains, becoming, in a way, less universal and resisting analytic tendencies. By the same token, derivational morphemes may also acquire joker meanings (e.g. the Croatian naj-).Jokerization, which is based on replacing a synonym chain with a single all-encompassing word, does not prevent communication, but does impoverish it. It is an intermediate stage between verbal and non-verbal communication. This process, common in spoken language, is examined, and illustrations are drawn from computer blogs and forums.
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Motyka, Grzegorz. "Czy zbrodnia wołyńsko-galicyjska 1943–1945 była ludobójstwem? Spór o kwalifikację prawną „antypolskiej akcji” UPA." Rocznik Polsko-Niemiecki, no. 24/2 (April 29, 2016): 45–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/rpn.2016.24.15.
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The anti-Polish purges carried out by the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists-Bandera (OUN-B) and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), which are known in Polish history as the massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia, claimed the lives of about 100,000 people. These purges were among the bloodiest episodes in Poland’s twentieth-century history and among the major mass killings of civilians during World War II. Moreover, they were committed by an irregular partisan formation. In terms of scale, the massacres in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia can be compared to the mass pacification of Belarusian villages by German police formations and the massacres of Serbs by Croatian nationalists.Historical research indicates that, regardless of whether the objective of the OUN and the UPA was to exterminate or ‘only’ to expel the Poles, implementation of their plan must have assumed the killing of the Polish population, or at least part of it, in the disputed areas. Therefore, further research conducted in Poland confirmed the conviction about the genocidal nature of the UPA’s activities. Jędrzej Giertych was probably the first Pole to use the term ‘genocide’ in this context. He used it in the London-based literary weekly ‘Wiadomości’ [News] in 1951. In the second half of the 1990s, this opinion became dominant among scholars dealing with the issues in question. Similar conclusions were reached by prosecutors of the Institute of National Remembrance. It seems that their evaluation could not be different in the light of the definition of genocide specified in Article 118 of the Polish Criminal Code.Polish scholars argue, however, whether the term ‘genocide’ should be used in reference to all of the activities conducted by the OUN and UPA in the years 1939–1947, or only those conducted in the period from 9 February 1943 to 18 May 1945, known as the anti-Polish action (mass murders). They also argue whether the UPA’s actions were typical genocide, or should be considered as a specific example of cruel genocide (genocidum atrox) due to their ferocity. Some scholars are inclined to recognize the UPA’s ‘anti-Polish campaign’ as ethnic cleansing rather than genocide, but the scale of the crimes against the Polish population seems to undermine this opinion.The author suggests that the massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia should be recognized as ‘genocidal ethnic cleansing’, or ‘ethnic cleansing that meets the definition of genocide’, as the terms indicate that from the very beginning perpetrators committed ethnic cleansing in the regions with intent to conduct mass murder of civilians.
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LYUBASHCHENKO, Viktoriya. "CROATIAN HUMANIST MATIJA VLAČIĆ AND HIS CONTRIBUTION TO THE SCIENTIFIC THOUGHT OF THE EARLY MODERN AGE." Problems of slavonic studies, no. 68 (2019): 54–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sls.2019.68.3071.
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Background: The 500th Anniversary of the Reformation has caused the emergence of many new publications in Ukraine dedicated to this phenomenon. Biographical research were taken quite modest positions among them. The focus was on the figures of the Western European Reformation, whose biographies are widely represented in world historiography. However, many Slavonic reformers still undervalued. In particular, a little known in Ukrainian studies remains a Croatian humanist of the 16th century Matija Vlačić (Matthias Flacius Illyricus). Purpose: The author put forward the task to acquaint the Ukrainian reader with the biography and creativity of the Croatian thinker, as well as to reveal his role in church processes, the development of theological and scientific knowledge in Early Modern Europe. To achieve this, the article is divided into several thematic blocks. The first covers the main pages of life and activity of Matija Vlačić as a Lutheran theologian, polemicist, enlightener, and scholar, the second – summarizes the early and modern studies devoted to Vlačić. The following two thematic blocks relate to his scholarly heritage in the fields of Biblical exegesis and hermeneutics (based on his “Clavis Scripturae”), сhurch history, and critical study of sources (based on “Catalogus testium Veritatis” and role of Vlačić in the creation of “Ecclesiastica Historia” – “Magdeburg Centuries”). Results: The author pays tribute to the scientific achievements of many scholars who have done important work in the study of personality of Matija, and supports the opinion expressed in contemporary historiography of his role in protection of Martin Luther’s reform. The article confirms significant of Vlačić contribution to the development of new principles of exegetics and its rise on the level of Biblical studies, and to the laying down the foundations of scientific hermeneutics and textology. The author traced use by Matija Vlačić his methods of exegetics in the study of historical documents and the comprehension of church history. An attempt at such use is his historical work “Catalogus testium Veritatis”, which can be regarded as an early experience which found a more serious incarnation in “Magdeburg Centuries”. Despite the obvious for the 16th century scientific achievements of “Catalogus” and “Centuries” polemical and ideological tendentiousness of their authors made church-historical science an element of confessional confrontation in Post-Reformation Europe. Scientific methods of Vlačić were used by Andrzej Węgierski – theologian and historian in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the author of the chronicle “Slavonic Reformation”, which became factual material for the historical works of many scholars of Eastern Europe. Key words: Reformation, Croatia, Matija Vlačić (Matthias Flacius Illyricus), exegetics, hermeneutics, сhurch history, “Clavis Scripturae”, “Catalogustestium Veritatis”, “Magdeburg Centuries”.
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Zubovic, M. "Republic of Croatia’s Membership in NATO." Post-Soviet Issues 6, no. 4 (January 24, 2020): 390–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24975/2313-8920-2019-6-4-390-397.
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The article discusses the Euro-Atlantic vector of Croatian foreign policy, primarily the historical path of the state into NATO and the advantages of membership in this alliance. The Republic of Croatia in its history experienced a rather difficult period associated with the Croatian War for Independence, which began in 1991 after the state announced its withdrawal from the SFRY. Since then, one of the main goals of Croatian foreign policy has been joining the Euro-Atlantic structures, which was fulfiled in 2009, when Croatia became a full member of NATO. Based on the experience of the War for Independence, for the Republic of Croatia this membership is an important factor in ensuring the country’s security, and it can also help improve interstate relations in the Balkans and strengthen stability in the region. The work will also outline the operations and missions in which Croatia participates within the NATO framework and contributes to the successful implementation of Euro-Atlantic foreign policy.
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Zaradkiewicz, Kamil. "On the legitimacy of restoring the institution of an annuity right in rem on real estate." Nieruchomości@ III, no. III (September 30, 2021): 7–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.2474.
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The article presents the basic solutions to be applied in the so-called annuity real rights. These are limited real rights (iura in rem), which permit obtaining certain revenues from real property on a regular basis. Their essential purpose is to secure specified periodical benefits, primarily those of a pecuniary nature. These rights show some similarities, on the one hand, to pledge-type rights (especially mortgage) and, on the other hand, to easements. Currently, no annuity real charges of any kind have been regulated under the Polish civil law (since the entry of the Civil Code into force in 1965), as they were perceived, albeit incorrectly, as a reminiscence of the epoch of feudalism. However, they are still popular in other European civil law legislations, for example in the German, Swiss, Austrian, Spanish, Czech, Estonian, Slovenian or Croatian laws. The prototype for this category of rights is the real burden (German: Reallast). This paper presents various solutions for the latter institution as well as related institutions, such as the Swiss “annuity letter” (German: Gült, French: lettre de rente) and the German annuity land charge (German: Rentengrundschuld). Different concepts for the legal nature of the annuity rights have been presented, in particular the German real burden, which formed the basis for proposals of solutions in the work of the Polish Civil Law Codification Committee at the beginning of the 21st century. The potential usefulness of the real burden rights indicated in this article confirms the legitimacy of introducing this type of legal institution into the Polish law.
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Maleković, Sanja, Sanja Tišma, Daniela Angelina Jelinčić, and Ana-Maria Boromisa. "Can Evaluation Trigger Change? The Case of the Interim Evaluation of the Croatian Tourism Development Strategy." Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business 22, s2 (December 1, 2019): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/zireb-2019-0027.
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Abstract The paper is focused on the results of the first conducted sectoral interim evaluation in Croatia, that of the Croatian Tourism Development Strategy till 2020. The authors reflect on the methodology used, the applied approach, the objectives and scope of the recently implemented interim evaluation of the mentioned Strategy. They comment on the purpose and functions of this sectoral evaluation and observe objectively its role from the point of view of achieving effectiveness, long term, and concrete and sustainable development impacts in the sector of tourism. The main findings of the conducted evaluation are presented, based on a number of held interviews and a survey with the main policy makers, civil servants as well as all key stakeholders in the tourism industry. Particular focus is given to evaluation questions and judgement criteria based on the evaluation criteria of effectiveness, impact and sustainability. The authors indicate some of the positive achievements, and particularly the current problems and challenges in the segment of tourism in Croatia in the period until 2020 and beyond. Along with observations related to the issues of accountability in the sector, the paper also provides reflections on the learning effects as the end result of such an evaluation, contributing to further policy development and policy learning in the sector of tourism. The authors indicate that their experience with this first interim evaluation could serve as a good practice example for conducting similar sectoral evaluations in Croatia as well as a tool for further long term development of tourism in the country, since the sector is of pivotal importance for Croatia’s local, regional and urban development as well as its overall economic competitiveness. Particular attention is given to some of the noted deficiencies and needs for further improvements in this sector, vital for Croatia’s further development. Recommendations are provided for improvements of the overall Croatian tourism development policy, with specific focus on the effectiveness of the so far achieved results as well as sustainable implementation of the Strategy and overall policy, aiming at reaching major and more concrete development impacts in the field of tourism.
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Demeshchuk, Anatolii. "The Foundation of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia in 1991." European Historical Studies, no. 6 (2017): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2017.06.107-119.
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In this article the author regards a history of creating and organizing the regular Armed Forces of Croatian Republic in 1991. The main attention is focused on a land army – the Croatian Army, which was formed in September 1991 on the basis of the National Guard, Territorial defense and different volunteer formations united. The focus has been made on a decisive role of the land forces during the war in Croatia in 1991-1995. The warfare spectrum has been almost entirely overland. However, creating the Croatian navy and air forces has also been shortly described in the article, although the role thereof has been rather insignificant, especially in 1991. Also the article deals with the issue of the Croatian special police forces which played an important role in all the periods of war in Croatia (1991-1995). The issues of Croatian forces’ material provision, ways of armament, their organizational structure and military quality have been analyzed. The course of the Croatian regular army’s forming has been overviewed in chronological and logical sequence. It is concluded that the matter and outcomes of own armed forces’ building by Croatia during its war for independence has been crucial. It is argued that the effective Croatian government’s decisions in a domain of the armed forces in 1991 significantly assisted Croatia to win the war in 1995. The article is based mostly on the Croatian and English academiic and op-ed literature and sources.
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Cabada, Ladislav. "The Visegrad Cooperation in the Context of Other Central European Cooperation Formats." Politics in Central Europe 14, no. 2 (September 1, 2018): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pce-2018-0014.
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Abstract This study considers the plethora of contemporary institutional frameworks for Central European cooperation. While the Visegrad Group has been the most visible and stable format for Central European cooperation in recent history, it has been challenged by a number of alternative or complementary projects. These include the Austrian concept of Strategic/Regional Partnership, the Austrian-Czech-Slovak project Austerlitz-Formate/Nord‑Trilaterale, the Polish-Croatian Three Seas Initiative and the European Union’s macro‑regional Strategy for the Danube Region (EUSDR). I focus on the development and prospects of each of these projects as well the rivalries among them and their intersections ot interference with one another. This survey then turns to the future Central European constellations suggested by the very different cooperation trajectories within the region. My thesis is that the region’s identity has been challenged by offers to merge with Europe’s West. Central European cooperation must find new challenges and themes if it is to survive.