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Books on the topic 'Pregnant rats'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Pak, Sunny. The effect of gestational angiotensin II receptor blockade on thirst and sodium appetite in pregnant wistar rats and in their adult offspring. National Library of Canada, 2000.

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2

Kenya. Division of Family Health. GTZ Support Unit., ed. Schoolgirl pregnancy in Kenya: Report of a study of discontinuation rates and associated factors. Ministry of Health, Division of Family Health-GTZ Support Unit, 1988.

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3

Prechotko, Lisa Terra. Taste preference variation during pregnancy in female Wistar rats. Laurentian University, Department of Psychology, 2003.

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4

E, Hamilton Brady, and National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), eds. U.S. teenage birth rate resumes decline. U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, 2011.

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5

Sampson, David B. Pregnancy rate versus length in southern fin whales. Portsmouth Polytechnic, Marine Resources Research Unit, 1989.

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6

Wadhera, Surinder. Reproductive health: Pregnancies and rates, Canada, 1974-1993. Statistics Canada, Health Statistics Division, 1996.

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7

Cawthon, Laurie. First Steps database: Birth rates after welfare welform. Research and Data Analysis, Dept. of Social and Health Services, 2001.

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8

National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), ed. State disparities in teenage birth rates in the United States. U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, 2010.

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9

Section, Colorado Health Statistics, ed. Reported pregnancy in Colorado, 1980-1987. Health Statistics Section, Colorado Dept. of Health, 1988.

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10

Korpela, Heikki. Selenium and glutathione peroxidase in rats and humans: With special reference to bioavailability, pregnancy, and liver function. University of Oulu, 1990.

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11

Bruce, Nigel. Reducing unplanned pregnancy: An investigation of high rates of abortion in Camden and Islington. Department of Public Health, Hampstead Health Authority, 1992.

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12

Taffel, Selma. Health and demographic characteristics of twin births, United States, 1988. U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Health Statistics, 1992.

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13

Uri, Elkayam, and Gleicher Norbert, eds. Cardiac problems in pregnancy: Diagnosis and management of maternal and fetal disease. 3rd ed. Wiley-Liss, 1998.

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14

Ventura, Stephanie J. Teenage births in the United States: National and state trends, 1990-96. U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, 1998.

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15

Ventura, Stephanie J. Teenage births in the United States: National and state trends, 1990-96. U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, 1998.

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16

Ventura, Stephanie J. Teenage births in the United States: National and state trends, 1990-96. U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, 1998.

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17

Ventura, Stephanie J. Teenage births in the United States: National and state trends, 1990-96. U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, 1998.

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18

Ventura, Stephanie J. Teenage births in the United States: National and state trends, 1990-96. U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, 1998.

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19

van der Waal, Rodante. Birth Justice. Amsterdam University Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5117/9789048562398.

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Reproductive injustice is an urgent global problem. We are faced with the increased criminalization of abortion, higher maternal and neonatal mortality rates for people of color, and more and more research addressing the structural nature of obstetric violence. In this collection of essays, the cause of reproductive injustice is understood as the institutionalized isolation of (potentially) pregnant people, making them vulnerable for bio- and necropolitical disciplination and control. The central thesis of this book is that reproductive justice must be achieved through a radical reappropriatio

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20

Mtotha, Davies M. Fighting high maternal mortality rate in developing countries: Battle for a solution : a Malawian case study. Pan African Publishers Ltd., 2015.

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21

Uri, Elkayam, and Gleicher Norbert, eds. Cardiac problems in pregnancy: Diagnosis and management of maternal and fetal disease. 2nd ed. Liss, 1990.

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22

Peterson, Linda S. Birth expectations of women in the United States, 1973-1988. Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, 1995.

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23

Levine, Phillip B. The effect of Medicaid abortion funding restrictions on abortions, pregnancies, and births. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995.

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24

Hawaii. Department of Health, ed. Spurious high birth defect rate on the Island of Lanai and an unexpected indication of a high incidence of advers pregnancy outcomes in Kohala on the big island. Research and Statistics Office, Hawaii State Department of Health, 1986.

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25

Chin, Tong-il. So esŏ tanbaekchil ch'ehak ŭl iyong han imsin t'ŭgi inja kyumyŏng mit sut'ae nŭngnyŏk hyangsang e kwanhan yŏn'gu =: Identification of bovine pregnancy-specific factors by proteomics analysis to improve preganacy rate. Nongch'on Chinhŭngch'ŏng, 2009.

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26

Astell, Rebecca L. Influence of ethanol on copper utilization by pregnant and growing rats. 1988.

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27

Taha, Ameer. Effects of multivitamin supplementation to pregnant rats on lipid metabolism in the offspring. 2006.

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28

Berman, David, and Ben Touré. Neurosurgery in Pregnancy. Edited by David E. Traul and Irene P. Osborn. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190850036.003.0022.

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Pregnancy is a time of significant physiologic change that affects the vast majority of organ systems. Pregnant patients occasionally present for nonobstetric surgery, with complication rates of the procedure increased as well as the potential for fetal loss or damage as a result of the underlying disease process. Typical steps in diagnosis (such as imaging modalities) often need to be adjusted in pregnancy, and the medical or surgical treatment of neurologic disease will often change as well. A thorough understanding of pregnancy physiology, pharmacology, and teratogenicity will be important

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29

Short, William R., and Jason J. Schafer. Antiretroviral Therapy in Pregnant Women. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0026.

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Research has demonstrated that proper prevention strategies and interventions during pregnancy, labor, and delivery can significantly reduce the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) should be initiated in all HIV-infected pregnant women regardless of CD4+ T cell count or HIV-1 RNA level. ARVs should be given in combination therapy, similar to nonpregnant patients, with the goal of complete virologic suppression. Treatment changes during pregnancy have been associated with the loss of virologic control and independently associated with mother-to-child transmi

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30

Renfrow, Jaclyn J., Aqib H. Zehri, Kyle M. Fargen, Jasmeet Singh, John A. Wilson, and Stacey Q. Wolfe. Management of Intracranial Vascular Lesions During Pregnancy. Edited by Emma Ciafaloni, Cheryl Bushnell, and Loralei L. Thornburg. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190667351.003.0016.

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Management of cerebral vascular lesions in pregnancy requires special consideration to an altered natural history in the pregnant patient, such as a higher rupture rate of arteriovenous malformations. Additionally, treatment challenges exist including radiation exposure, medication selection, optimal treatment timing, and modalities. If identified prior to a pregnancy most vascular lesions warrant a definitive treatment discussion to circumvent the risks associated with an intracranial hemorrhage during pregnancy. The treatment team consists of a multidisciplinary approach involving neurosurge

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31

Neligan, Patrick J., and John G. Laffey. Obstetric physiology and special considerations in ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0365.

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Pregnant patients constitute less than 1% of intensive care unit admissions, and fewer than 1% of obstetric patients become critically ill. Critical illness may result from pregnancy-specific diseases, diseases that pregnancy predisposes to, or are co-incidental to pregnancy. The presence of a second patient—the foetus—may necessitate adjustments to therapeutic and supportive strategies. However, the foetus is generally robust despite maternal illness. The physiological changes of pregnancy are significant, but may delay the diagnosis of critical illness, requiring modifications to standard ma

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32

Presbitero, Patrizia, Dennis Zavalloni, and Benedetta Agnoli. Cardiac emergencies in pregnancy. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0063.

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Cardiac diseases are an increasingly important cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnant women. Pregnancy leads to several changes in physiological processes, and the cardiovascular system progressively adapts to modifications that may worsen pre-existing pathological conditions or unmask previously undiagnosed diseases. Furthermore, pregnancy may be complicated by specific pathologies, which are harmful for patients with cardiac diseases. Admission to the intensive cardiac care unit is a rare event (0.1–0.9% of deliveries), but mortality rates range from 3.5% to 21%. When treating pregnant

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33

Bramham, Kate, and Catherine Nelson-Piercy. Pregnancy in patients with chronic kidney disease and on dialysis. Edited by Norbert Lameire and Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0295_update_001.

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects a small but increasing minority of women becoming pregnant. It is associated with additional risks depending on pre-pregnancy glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria, and hypertension. Some drugs are contraindicated in pregnancy. These are powerful reasons for counselling all women of childbearing age about pregnancy in CKD. With minor CKD the main issue is moderately increased risk of pregnancy-associated hypertension and pre-eclampsia. More advanced CKD is associated with reduced fertility, progressively increased risk of pre-term delivery and a significa

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34

Bramham, Kate, and Catherine Nelson-Piercy. Pregnancy after renal transplantation. Edited by Norbert Lameire and Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0299_update_001.

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There is now experience of many thousands of pregnancies over more than 50 years of renal transplantation. Most such patients have some degree of hypertension and chronic kidney disease, and as expected their rates of complications are substantially higher than those of age-matched controls. However, rates of successful pregnancy are now high and pregnancy is no longer an unusual event in transplanted patients. As for other patients with chronic kidney disease, additional risks depend on pre-pregnancy glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria, and hypertension. Fertility returns rapidly after tr

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35

Lancellotti, Patrizio, and Bernard Cosyns. Systemic Disease and Other Conditions. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713623.003.0017.

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This chapter describes the effect of various activities on the heart and associated disorders. It details the echocardiographic findings of athlete’s heart and differential diagnosis. It considers pregnancy which induces several haemodynamic changes: increase in heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and decrease in systemic vascular resistance. Several echocardiographic changes may also present in normal pregnancy and these must be recognized. Echocardiography should be performed in each pregnant woman with cardiac signs or symptoms to search for new cardiac disease occurring during pregn

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36

Logsdon, M. Cynthia, Catherine Monk, and Alison E. Hipwell. Perinatal Experiences of Adolescent Mothers. Edited by Amy Wenzel. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199778072.013.008.

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The United States has one of the highest rates of teen pregnancy in the developed world. Pregnancy and parenting prior to age 20 are associated with compromised biopsychosocial outcomes for the mother, the fetus, and the future child—though the strong coupling of poverty and early pregnancy indicate that these outcomes may not be uniquely attributable to maternal age. This chapter reviews psychological as well as biological factors associated with risk for adolescent pregnancy, such as the potential correlation between conduct disorder and pregnancy, as well as data suggesting that environment

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37

Wenzel, Amy, and Deborah Kim. Psychopharmacology in Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period. Edited by Amy Wenzel. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199778072.013.21.

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A substantial minority of pregnant and lactating women meet criteria for one or more mental health disorders and, in many of these cases, treatment with psychotropic medication is indicated. Data from empirical studies on psychopharmacology using antidepressant medications for perinatal women suggest that the risk-benefit ratio is favorable, although their usage during pregnancy is associated with a slight increase in risk of spontaneous abortion, cardiac malformations (specifically with paroxetine), preterm birth, and poor neonatal adaptation syndrome. However, these risks should be contraste

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38

Rizzuto, Gabrielle A., and Anna I. Bakardjiev. Listeria monocytogenes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190604813.003.0020.

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Listeria monocytogenes is a intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes serious foodborne illness in humans. Among all infectious diseases caused by gastrointestinal pathogens, listeriosis has the highest mortality rate, likely because of its ability to cross the gastrointestinal barrier and cause sepsis and infection of other organs such as the brain and placenta. Infection of the placenta leads to fetal infection, and otherwise healthy pregnant women have a significantly increased incidence of listeriosis than the general population, likely due to changes in the maternal cell-mediated immun

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39

Anderson, John A., Pierre-Antoine Laloë, and Derek J. Tuffnell. Hypertension in pregnancy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0036.

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The hypertensive disorders of pregnancy encompass a spectrum of disease, including gestational hypertension, haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP syndrome), and acute fatty liver of pregnancy through to pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. These conditions can pose significant problems for clinicians and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality for both mother and baby. Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia remain one of the leading causes of maternal death worldwide. The majority of fatalities occur in settings with low healthcare resources. In the developed world, improv

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40

Fisher, Jeffrey W. Physiologically based pharmokinetic pregnancy and lactation models: Validation with trichloroethylene and its metabolite, trichloroacetic acid. 1987.

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41

Morella, Neville. Getting Pregnant Faster : Natural Ways Used for Centuries to Improve Rate of Fertility: How to Increase Chances of Getting Pregnant. Independently Published, 2021.

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42

Gluckman, Sir Peter, Mark Hanson, Chong Yap Seng, and Anne Bardsley. Choline in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722700.003.0014.

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Choline is required for the structural integrity of cell membranes and is involved in methyl-group metabolism, neurotransmission, transmembrane signalling, and lipid and cholesterol transport and metabolism. Choline is critical during fetal and neonatal life to ensure optimal brain and cognitive development. There is an intersection of the pathways of choline, folate, and vitamin B12 in the formation of methionine from homocysteine. Maternal peri-conceptional deficiency for choline, like folate, is associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects in the offspring. It is recommended tha

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43

Kaplan, Tamara B., and Marcelo Matiello. Multiple Sclerosis. Edited by Angela O’Neal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190609917.003.0026.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) often affects women of childbearing age. There are many issues to consider when counseling women about their disease and treatment during this time. The Pregnancy in Multiple Sclerosis (PRIMS) study, published in 1998, is the best large-scale prospective study published to date. Based on this trial, and those that followed, it is recognized that the rate of relapse in MS decreases during pregnancy, especially during the third trimester, but there is a significant increase in relapse rate in the first three months postpartum. If relapses do occur during pregnancy, women

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44

Trends in pregnancies and pregnancy rates: United States, 1980-88. 1992.

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45

Bramham, Kate, and Catherine Nelson-Piercy. Specific renal conditions in pregnancy. Edited by Norbert Lameire and Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0298.

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Pre-pregnancy glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria, and blood pressure are usually more important in determining the risk of pregnancy in patients with chronic kidney disease, but some diseases may be exacerbated in pregnancy, or appear more liable to complications. This chapter considers immunoglobulin A nephropathy, systemic lupus erythematosus (which may also be associated with some manifestations in the infant), diabetic nephropathy, polycystic kidney disease, reflux nephropathy, single kidney, urological disorders, and angiomyolipomata. Distinguishing underlying renal disease exacerbat

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46

Dob, Daryl P., Elspeth E. Pickering, and Michael A. Gatzoulis. Moderate to complex congenital heart disease. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0040.

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Children born with congenital heart disease no longer face the prospect of early death and a poor quality of life. In fact, most neonates with moderate to complex congenital heart disease have a survival rate to adulthood of over 80%. The ratio of adults to children with congenital heart disease is increasing, due to better surgical repairs, and longer survival with a better quality of life. In the Western world, there are more adults than children alive with congenital heart disease. This remarkable medical effort has allowed young women with congenital heart disease to mature to an age where

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47

Felder, Jennifer N., Abigail Lindemann, and Sona Dimidjian. Perinatal Depression. Edited by C. Steven Richards and Michael W. O'Hara. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199797004.013.024.

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Depression is a common problem among pregnant andpostpartum women, with rates comparable to or greater than those among women of childbearing age who are not pregnant or postpartum. Perinatal depression is associated with a wide range of unique assessment and treatment complexities, risk factors, and consequences for women and offspring. In this chapter, we review current research on the prevalence of perinatal depression, etiology, risk factors, and consequences, and we discuss assessment strategies and interventions. Limitations to current research and future research directions are noted. W

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48

Medforth, Janet, Linda Ball, Angela Walker, Sue Battersby, and Sarah Stables. Obesity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754787.003.0011.

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A definition of obesity and a discussion of the UK rates open this chapter. Risks to the mother and fetus are listed and the latest recommendations for care pre-pregnancy, during pregnancy, during labour, and during the postnatal period are given.

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49

McLauchlin, J. Listeriosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0014.

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Listeriosis occurs in a variety of animals including humans, and most often affects the pregnant uterus, the central nervous system (CNS) or the bloodstream. During pregnancy, infection spreads to the foetus, which will either be born severely ill or die in-utero. In non-pregnant animals, listeriosis usually presents as meningitis, encephalitis. In humans, infection most often occurs in the immunocompromised and elderly, and to a lesser extent the pregnant woman, the unborn, or the newly delivered infant. Infection can be treated successfully with antibiotics, however 20–40% of human cases are

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50

Elkayam, Uri. Cardiac Problems in Pregnancy. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2019.

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