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Journal articles on the topic 'PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS/therapeutic use'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Seifert, Randall D. "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Psychotropic Drugs." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2, no. 6 (1989): 403–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089719008900200609.

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The therapeutic monitoring of patients who take antipsychotic drugs can be both challenging and rewarding. Antipsychotics have been in clinical use for over 30 years; yet, their complex pharmacology is not fully understood and parallels our infant knowledge of human brain chemistry. The art of successful therapeutic drug monitoring depends on the clinician's knowledge of basic pharmacology, an understanding of psychiatric disorders, and a sensitivity for careful patient observation. In addition, a thorough history, well thought out goals, and reasonable recovery expectations are essential. Ant

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2

Therrien, Rachel. "Managing Psychotropic Drugs with Efavirenz." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 17, suppl d (2006): 15D—16D. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2006/736415.

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Efavirenz is in the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor category of HIV antiretroviral medicines. It is an in vivo inducer of the CYP3A4 isoenzyme within the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) system, and an in vitro inhibitor of the system’s CYP2C9/2C19, 3A4 and 2B6 isoenzymes; as a result, concentrations of psychotropic drugs can be increased or decreased depending on the specific enzyme pathway involved in their metabolism. CYP3A4 is responsible for metabolizing many benzodiazepines and other psychotropics, as well as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants. A

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Conca, A., N. Bergemann, R. Waschgler, and P. Steger Adami. "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) During Pregnancy and Breast Feeding." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70339-6.

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Epidemiological data indicate that about one third of all pregnant women receive at least one psychotropic drug (Goldberg & Nissim 1994). Women with mental disorders bear a considerable risk of relapse when psychotropic medication is discontinued during pregnancy and the postpartal period.TDM aims to better individualize dosing regimens taking into account relevant pregnancy-induced metabolism returning to baseline activities within 24 hours (Adab 2006).Despite the frequent use of psychotropic drugs in pregnancy, for several psychotropic drugs only few documented cases regarding their infl

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Kolyvanov, G. B., A. A. Litvin, R. V. Shevchenko, S. Yu Raskin, P. O. Bochkov, and V. P. Zherdev. "Pharmacokinetic relationships in psychotropic drugs effects." Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, no. 4 (June 25, 2021): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37489/2587-7836-2020-4-3-8.

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The review discusses relationships between pharmacokinetic parameters and effects of psychotropic drugs, both in preclinical studies and clinical practice. The identification of such correlations can serve as a basis for understanding the complex system of relationships between pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mechanisms in the manifestation of the action of this group of drugs and allows us to use the data of pharmacokinetic studies to optimize therapeutic approaches in medical practice.

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Caixeta, Leonardo, and Victor Melo Caixeta. "Therapeutic synergism: How can psychopharmacology improve cognitive rehabilitation?" Dementia & Neuropsychologia 13, no. 4 (2019): 422–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642018dn13-040009.

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ABSTRACT Despite recent advances in cognitive rehabilitation of patients with cognitive disorders, there are many major obstacles to the optimized global use of this therapeutic resource. Objective: The authors outline the concept of ‘therapeutic synergism’, i.e. the concurrent use of pharmacological and cognitive rehabilitation therapies to maximize functional benefits, addressing the optimization of therapeutic approaches for cognitive disorders. Methods: Three psychopharmacological and rehabilitation interrelationship paradigms are presented in three different clinical settings. Results: Pa

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Blier, Pierre. "Generic Substitution for Psychotropic Drugs." CNS Spectrums 14, no. 9 (2009): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900024706.

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Most antidepressants and other psychotropics in clinical use are available as generic formulations (Table). The availability of lower-priced, generic drugs can benefit patients and third-party payers, but it should not be assumed that all generic drugs are equally beneficial. There are numerous reports in the literature of unexpected and untoward consequences that occur when a generic drug is substituted for the original brand-name drug. A previously stable clinical response may suddenly deteriorate, or the patient may experience new or more severe adverse events (AEs). The United States Food

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Agbonile, Imafidon O., and Oluwole Famuyiwa. "Psychotropic drug prescribing in a Nigerian psychiatric hospital." International Psychiatry 6, no. 4 (2009): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600000795.

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Psychopharmacotherapy dominates the therapeutic arsenal of psychiatrists and, not surprisingly, psychotropic drugs are widely consumed in psychiatric practice. The pattern of prescribing of these drugs needs to be appraised in terms of ‘rational drug use', which may be defined as ‘the use of the least number of drugs to obtain the best possible effects in the shortest possible time and at a reasonable cost’ (Gross, 1981).

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Pati, Ayan K., and Siddhartha Ghosh. "Medication use pattern and quality assessment of psychiatry outpatient department prescriptions of a tertiary care hospital." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 2 (2019): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20190136.

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Background: Psychiatric illness is a major but often underreported health burden. The field of psychopharmacotherapy is continuously evolving therefore needs monitoring to prevent irrationality. In this setting, authors analyzed the prescribing pattern of psychotropic drugs while simultaneously monitoring prescription quality in a tertiary care teaching private hospital.Methods: A 6 month-prospective observational study was conducted in psychiatry out-patient department. Prescription pattern was analyzed using World Health Organization (WHO) drug use indicators. The quality of the prescription

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Moschny, Nicole, Gudrun Hefner, Renate Grohmann, et al. "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Second- and Third-Generation Antipsychotic Drugs—Influence of Smoking Behavior and Inflammation on Pharmacokinetics." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 6 (2021): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14060514.

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Both inflammation and smoking can influence a drug’s pharmacokinetic properties, i.e., its liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. Depending on, e.g., pharmacogenetics, these changes may alter treatment response or cause serious adverse drug reactions and are thus of clinical relevance. Antipsychotic drugs, used in the treatment of psychosis and schizophrenia, should be closely monitored due to multiple factors (e.g., the narrow therapeutic window of certain psychotropic drugs, the chronicity of most mental illnesses, and the common occurrence of polypharmacotherapy

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Semenikhin, D. G., A. M. Karpov, A. L. Mavzyutov, I. E. Zimakova, and N. S. Makarchikov. "Some predictors of the therapeutic effects of piracetam in patients with paranoid schizophrenia." Kazan medical journal 74, no. 4 (1993): 296–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj71451.

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The question of the appropriateness of the use of nootropic drugs in the treatment of patients with paranoid schizophrenia has not been finally resolved. Doctors, prescribing piracetam in order to reduce astheno-dynamic symptoms, autonomic disorders, improve the tolerance of psychotropic drugs, increase physical and mental performance in their patients, experience certain difficulties. The use of this drug can introduce new components into the clinical picture and thus worsen the condition of patients - enhance productive symptoms, disrupt sleep, and cause aggressiveness.

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Koopmans, Raymond T. C. M., Renate Reinders, Deliane van Vliet, et al. "Prevalence and correlates of psychotropic drug use in community-dwelling people with young-onset dementia: the NeedYD-study." International Psychogeriatrics 26, no. 12 (2014): 1983–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610213002330.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Young-onset dementia (YOD) is defined as dementia that develops before the age of 65 years. The prevalence and type of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in YOD differ from patients with late onset dementia. NPS in dementia patients are often treated with psychotropic drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate psychotropic drug use (PDU) in Dutch community-dwelling YOD patients and the association between age, gender, dementia etiology and severity, symptoms of depression, disease awareness, unmet needs, and type of NPS.Methods:Psychotropic drug use in 196 YOD patients was

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Igumnov, Sergey, Anna Nenastyeva, and Ekaterina Grinevich. "PROBLEM OF ‘DRUG ABUSE’ IN AGING PEOPLE." Health Sciences 29, no. 4 (2019): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35988/sm-hs.2019.070.

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The article provides the review of the current approaches to the problem of drug abuse in people of advanced age (65 and more). Method of research. Content analysis of PubMed, Medline and PsycINFO resources, using search terms: “neuroleptics”, “antidepressants”, “anticonvulsive drugs”; “abuse”, “non-medical use”, “addiction”, individual drug classes, individual substances, various combinations of substances, metaanalyses of the research of “drug abuse” in people of advanced aging people. The results of the content analysis show that any medicine, which can cause psychoactive effect of any kind

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Sawan, Mouna J., Yun-Hee Jeon, Romano J. Fois, and Timothy F. Chen. "A qualitative study exploring visible components of organizational culture: what influences the use of psychotropic medicines in nursing homes?" International Psychogeriatrics 28, no. 10 (2016): 1725–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610216000715.

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ABSTRACTBackground:The influence of organizational culture on how psychotropic medicines are used in nursing homes has not been extensively studied. Schein's theory provides a framework for examining organizational culture which begins with the exploration of visible components of an organization such as behaviors, structures, and processes. This study aimed to identify key visible components related to the use of psychotropic medicines in nursing homes.Methods:A qualitative study was conducted in eight nursing homes in Sydney, Australia. Purposive sampling was used to conduct semi-structured

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Freitas, Eliane Da Silva, Joaquim Alves Diniz, Natália Rodrigues Alves, Pedro Ivo Palacio Leite, Modesto Leite Rolim Neto, and Poliana Moreira Medeiros de Carvalho. "Benzodiazepines use in elderly patients attended at a Public Pharmacy in Pernambuco Brazil." Amadeus International Multidisciplinary Journal 4, no. 7 (2019): 203–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/aimj.v4i7.91.

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: The elderly people are the group that most use psychotropic drugs, due to psychiatric comorbidity and somatic conditions. In Brazil some benzodiazepines are part of the National List of Essential Medicines (RENAME) being distributed free of charge, facilitating the population access, which can lead to irrational use. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive research through a qualitative and quantitative study of benzodiazepine use in patients attended at the Cedro Basic Pharmacy in the city of Cedro-PE. The data collection was done with the application of a semi-structured questionnaire. The p

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Baumann, P. "JS01-01 - Pharmacokinetics of psychotropic drugs - keys for treatments’ improvements." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73698-7.

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Non-response, adverse effects and pharmacokinetic interactions with clinical consequences are frequent manifestations observed in psychiatric patients treated with psychotropic drugs. These risks are increased in patients belonging to the category of “special populations”: elderly patients, children and adolescents, patients with a genetic particularity of metabolism or suffering from somatic or psychic comorbidities. Increasingly, the use of generics has been shown to represent a source of unexpected treatment outcomes. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is not only recommended in these situat

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Hernández-Rodríguez, Miguel Ángel, Ermengol Sempere-Verdú, Caterina Vicens-Caldentey, et al. "Drug Prescription Profiles in Patients with Polypharmacy in Spain: A Large-Scale Pharmacoepidemiologic Study Using Real-World Data." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (2021): 4754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094754.

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We aimed to identify and compare medication profiles in populations with polypharmacy between 2005 and 2015. We conducted a cross-sectional study using information from the Computerized Database for Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies in Primary Care (BIFAP, Spain). We estimated the prevalence of therapeutic subgroups in all individuals 15 years of age and older with polypharmacy (≥5 drugs during ≥6 months) using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system level 4, by sex and age group, for both calendar years. The most prescribed drugs were proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), statins, anti

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Brunnauer, A. "Driving Ability and Psychotropic Drugs: Introduction, Epidemiology and General Aspects." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.212.

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Psychiatric illness, psychotropic drugs and driving ability. For most people driving is an important activity in daily life affecting physical, social, and economic well-being. Driving mobility is also an important part of one's self-identity that may influence health status. It could be demonstrated that 67% of psychiatric patients reported to have a valid driver's license and 77% of them referred to regularly use their cars. Closer inspection of data reveals, that road mobility is largely linked to psycho-functional status. In this context a significant issue is the impact of medical conditi

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Konings, Pierre N. M., Patrick M. L. Vanderheyden, Nico J. Stam, Anton M. L. van Delft, and Gé S. F. Ruigt. "Use of a Cloned G-Protein-coupled Receptor in the In Vitro Screening of Psychotropic Compounds." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 21, no. 4 (1993): 450–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299302100407.

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In the initial preclinical phase of the development of new psychotropic agents, potential drugs are generally characterised by in vitro receptor binding studies using rat brain preparations. We have recently, at this stage, incorporated assays using cell lines transfected with cloned receptors (1). One of the important 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor subtypes used for screening of these compounds is the 5-HT1A receptor, characterised by binding of the selective agonist [3H]-8-OH-DPAT. Results from these binding studies in rat hippocampus membranes appear to correlate very well with results

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Fernandes, Maria R., Laura J. Lopes, Milla P. Rocha, et al. "Prescription for psychiatric patients in a Brazilian public hospital: cross-sectional study." Revista Brasileira de Farmácia Hospitalar e Serviços de Saúde 10, no. 4 (2020): 0362. http://dx.doi.org/10.30968/rbfhss.2019.104.0362.

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Background: The growing use of psychotropic drugs has been attributed to a higher frequency of psychiatric disorders diagnosed, interaction of new drugs on the pharmaceutical market, and new therapeutic indications of existing drugs. Given this scenario, the adequacy of the use of psychotropic drugs needs to be analyzed considering the scientific evidences. Objectives: To assess the appropriateness of drug prescriptions used by psychiatric patients in a public hospital in Sorocaba, according to the best available scientific evidence, and to describe the profile of this population. Methods: Thi

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Wetzels, R. B., S. U. Zuidema, J. F. M. de Jonghe, F. R. J. Verhey, and R. T. C. M. Koopmans. "Prescribing pattern of psychotropic drugs in nursing home residents with dementia." International Psychogeriatrics 23, no. 8 (2011): 1249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610211000755.

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ABSTRACTBackground: The goal of this study is to determine patterns of psychotropic drug use (PDU), the association with neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), and the variability across dementia types in nursing home residents with dementia. In addition, PDU was analyzed across multiple indications.Methods: This was a prospective cohort study over a two-year period from 2006 to 2008, which involved 14 dementia special care units in nine nursing homes. A total of 117 residents with dementia participated in the study, of whom 35% had Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and 11% vascular dementia (VaD). PDU was

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Molina-Ruiz, Rosa M., Julia Martín-Carballeda, Inmaculada Asensio-Moreno, and Francisco Montañés-Rada. "A guide to psychopharmacological treatment of patients with intellectual disability in psychiatry." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 52, no. 2 (2017): 176–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091217417720896.

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Background Subjects with intellectual disability are at increased risk of having comorbid psychiatric disorders and worse response to psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological treatment interventions. On the other hand, available data on best treatment approach in this population are scarce and lack scientific evidence due to methodological limitations. The present study aims to perform a systematic review of the literature to facilitate the use of psychotropic drugs in clinical practice and better establish future research targets in this field. Objectives To review the available psychophar

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Movig, Kris LL, Antoine CG Egberts, Albert W. Lenderink, and Hubert GM Leufkens. "Selective Prescribing of Spasmolytics." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 34, no. 6 (2000): 716–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.19267.

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BACKGROUND: Daily clinical practice often differs largely from the clinical trial setting, so extrapolation of outcomes from trial data, such as safety, effectiveness, and economic outcomes, can be deceptive. Prescribers may intend to treat a selected group of patients with new drugs; this practice could result in significant bias in assessing outcomes of these agents during their use in daily clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate what type of patient received tolterodine compared with the spasmolytic drugs previously marketed (oxybutynin, flavoxate, emepronium). DESIGN: An observational,

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Fortinguerra, Stefano, Vincenzo Sorrenti, Pietro Giusti, Morena Zusso, and Alessandro Buriani. "Pharmacogenomic Characterization in Bipolar Spectrum Disorders." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 1 (2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12010013.

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The holistic approach of personalized medicine, merging clinical and molecular characteristics to tailor the diagnostic and therapeutic path to each individual, is steadily spreading in clinical practice. Psychiatric disorders represent one of the most difficult diagnostic challenges, given their frequent mixed nature and intrinsic variability, as in bipolar disorders and depression. Patients misdiagnosed as depressed are often initially prescribed serotonergic antidepressants, a treatment that can exacerbate a previously unrecognized bipolar condition. Thanks to the use of the patient’s genom

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Dowd, Daniel, and David S. Krause. "Use of a Consultation Service Following Pharmacogenomic Testing in Psychiatry." CNS Spectrums 26, no. 2 (2021): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852920002953.

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AbstractBackgroundThere is a plethora of drugs available to psychiatrists for treatment of mental illness, which can vary in efficacy, tolerability, metabolic pathways and drug-drug interactions. Psychotropics are the second most commonly listed therapeutic class mentioned in the FDA’s Table of Pharmacogenomic Biomarkers in Drug Labeling. Pharmacogenomic (PGx) assays are increasingly used in psychiatry to help select safe and appropriate medication for a variety of mental illnesses. Our commercial laboratory offers PGx expert consultations by PharmDs and PhDs to clinician-users. Our database c

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DeVane, C. Lindsay, and David W. Boulton. "Great Expectations in Stereochemistry: Focus on Antidepressants." CNS Spectrums 7, S1 (2002): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900028571.

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ABSTRACTChirality has become an increasingly important consideration in the development of psychoactive drugs because enantiomers often show major differences in their pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic properties. This review illustrates the implications of stereochemistry in clinical psychopharmacology using the antidepressant class of drugs as a focus. In many cases, a better understanding of stereochemistry can improve therapeutic outcomes. For example, with citalopram, the racemic formulation is effective for depression as well as panic and obsessive-compulsive disorders. However, the S-en

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Blanchet, Corinne, Sébastien Guillaume, Flora Bat-Pitault, et al. "Medication in AN: A Multidisciplinary Overview of Meta-Analyses and Systematic Reviews." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 2 (2019): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8020278.

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Drugs are widely prescribed for anorexia nervosa in the nutritional, somatic, and psychiatric fields. There is no systematic overview in the literature, which simultaneously covers all these types of medication. The main aims of this paper are (1) to offer clinicians an overview of the evidence-based data in the literature concerning the medication (psychotropic drugs and medication for somatic and nutritional complications) in the field of anorexia nervosa since the 1960s, (2) to draw practical conclusions for everyday practise and future research. Searches were performed on three online data

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Kosmalski, Marcin, Monika Różycka-Kosmalska, Joanna Sikora, and Tadeusz Pietras. "Diabetes mellitus in patients using psychotropic medications: How does it work?" Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 75 (June 15, 2021): 398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.9330.

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is not a single disease, but a group of diseases that are characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and risk of damage to tissues and organs. The mechanisms of its development are different and due mainly to disorders of insulin secretion or its effects. For this reason, 4 types of DM have been distinguished. One of them is a specific type of DM, determined, inter alia, by the use of certain psychotropic medications. Chronic hyperglycemia often occurs in association with some of these drugs, but in many cases it is categorized erroneously as type 2 (T2DM) or 1 (T1DM). The r

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Loria, Emiliano. "A desirable convulsive threshold. Some reflections about electroconvulsive therapy (ect)." European journal of analytic philosophy 16, no. 2 (2020): 123–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31820/ejap.16.2.6.

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Long-standing psychiatric practice confirms the pervasive use of pharmacological therapies for treating severe mental disorders. In many circumstances, drugs constitute the best allies of psychotherapeutic interventions. A robust scientific literature is oriented on finding the best strategies to improve therapeutic efficacy through different modes and timing of combined interventions. Nevertheless, we are far from triumphal therapeutic success. Despite the advances made by neuropsychiatry, this medical discipline remains lacking in terms of diagnostic and prognostic capabilities when compared

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Sun, Yan, and Andy Bennett. "Cannabinoids: A New Group of Agonists of PPARs." PPAR Research 2007 (2007): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/23513.

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Cannabinoids have been used medicinally and recreationally for thousands of years and their effects were proposed to occur mainly via activation of the G-protein-coupled receptorCB1/CB2(cannabinoid receptor 1/2). Discovery of potent synthetic analogs of the natural cannabinoids as clinically useful drugs is the sustained aim of cannabinoid research. This demands that these new compounds be free of the psychotropic effects that connected with the recreational use of cannabinoids. In preclinical studies cannabinoids displayed many of the characteristics of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (N

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Fagiolini, A. "Advanced Psychopharmacology: Practical Strategies for Rational Polypharmacy in Mood Disorders." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70254-8.

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Patients with mood disorders frequently present with treatment resistant syndromes or develop tolerance to once effective first line medications. Refractory depressive, manic or mixed episodes challenge psychiatrists to find means of augmenting traditional therapies, despite the paucity of evidence based data that support this practice. The balance between risks and benefits in most cases seems acceptable, provided that the physician and the patients have a clear understanding of the possible adverse and therapeutic interactions and that treatment resistance is not the result of inadequate (do

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Gubskiy, Yu I., N. M. Seredynska, T. A. Buchtiarova, and L. P. Babenko. "Antioxidant properties of hidazepam and amitriptyline with pain syndrome of rats." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 4 (September 10, 2019): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.4.19.10.

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Peroxide modification of cell biostructures and functions due to the activation of free radical oxidative processes underlies the pathogenesis of a significant number of diseases different in its etiology. The ability of pharmacological drugs which have antioxidant properties inhibit free radical peroxide oxidation and stabilize the structure and function of cell membranes and thus create optimal conditions for the preservation of homeostasis of cells and tissues. It makes pathogenetically grounded their widespread using in medical practice. Therefore, it was expedient to study the effect on t

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Tyrer, Peter, and Siobhan Murphy. "The Place of Benzodiazepines in Psychiatric Practice." British Journal of Psychiatry 151, no. 6 (1987): 719–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.151.6.719.

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For the past 20 years, benzodiazepines have been the most commonly prescribed psychotropic drugs. It is now difficult to imagine the excitement produced by this new class of compounds. Existing anti-anxiety drugs, mainly the barbiturates, were known to be dangerous in overdosage, tend to cause addiction, and have many side-effects. Previous compounds, including opium, alcohol, chloral, and bromides, were similarly burdened. The benzodiazepine era began almost 30 years ago, in style. “Four hours after being given chlordiazepoxide on New Year's day 1958, one of 12 chronically anxious but therape

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Yorston, Graeme, and Evelyn McPhail. "Clinical pharmacists: the benefits for psychiatric trainees." Psychiatric Bulletin 19, no. 11 (1995): 690–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.19.11.690.

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Psychiatric trainees' knowledge and understanding of the therapeutic principles underlying the appropriate use of psychotropic medication comes from many sources. They receive a grounding in neuropharmacology as a medical student and this is updated and expanded by attendance at a university lecture course in preparation for the MRCPsych examinations. Practical advice is handed down by supervising consultants and is augmented by reference to standard textbooks and research literature. Pharmaceutical representatives occasionally provide useful information though this may be biased, concentratin

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Chabowska, Gabriela, Ewa Barg, and Anna Wójcicka. "Biological Activity of Naturally Derived Naphthyridines." Molecules 26, no. 14 (2021): 4324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144324.

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Marine and terrestrial environments are rich sources of various bioactive substances, which have been used by humans since prehistoric times. Nowadays, due to advances in chemical sciences, new substances are still discovered, and their chemical structures and biological properties are constantly explored. Drugs obtained from natural sources are used commonly in medicine, particularly in cancer and infectious diseases treatment. Naphthyridines, isolated mainly from marine organisms and terrestrial plants, represent prominent examples of naturally derived agents. They are a class of heterocycli

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Leonova, M. V. "Drug-induced arrhythmias." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 21 (January 17, 2021): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2020-21-26-40.

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The article provides a scientific review based on the proceedings of the 2020 American Heart Association consensus on drugs that may cause arrhythmias on a risk-sensitive basis and a guidance on strategies for monitoring, prevention methods and therapeutic approaches.The risk factors for drug-induced arrhythmias are divided into modifiable and non-modifiable. Among the non-modifiable risk factors are congenital anomalies (changes in the conduction system, ion channel polymorphism) and heart diseases (cavity dilatation, myocardial ischemia). Among the modifiable risk factors are various electro

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Mlost, Jakub, Marta Bryk, and Katarzyna Starowicz. "Cannabidiol for Pain Treatment: Focus on Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 22 (2020): 8870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228870.

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Cannabis has a long history of medical use. Although there are many cannabinoids present in cannabis, Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the two components found in the highest concentrations. CBD itself does not produce typical behavioral cannabimimetic effects and was thought not to be responsible for psychotropic effects of cannabis. Numerous anecdotal findings testify to the therapeutic effects of CBD, which in some cases were further supported by research findings. However, data regarding CBD’s mechanism of action and therapeutic potential are abundant and omnifario

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Mendelevich, Vladimir D., and Кseniya V. Pyrkova. "Psychopharmacotherapy of healthy people and the off-label problem in modern psychiatry." Neurology Bulletin LII, no. 1 (2020): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb19090.

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The article analyzes the problem of widespread misuse of therapy for mental disorders. The role of paradigmatic changes in psychiatric classifications and the introduction of a spectral approach in the formation of new psychopharmacotherapeutic strategies is evaluated. New concepts are distinguished: psychopharmacotherapy of healthy people, diagnostic and therapeutic relativism. It is argued that the emergence in the psychiatric field of the topic psychopharmacotherapy of healthy people is more likely to be a natural than an accidental phenomenon. It is concluded that innovations are initiated

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Stahl, Stephen M. "Selective Histamine H1 Antagonism: Novel Hypnotic and Pharmacologic Actions Challenge Classical Notions of Antihistamines." CNS Spectrums 13, no. 12 (2008): 1027–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900017089.

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Numerous “antihistamines” as well as various psychotropic medications with antihistamine properties are widely utilized to treat insomnia. Over-the-counter sleep aids usually contain an antihistamine and various antidepressants and antipsychotics with antihistamine properties have sedative-hypnotic actions. Although widely used for the treatment of insomnia, many agents that block the histamine H1 receptor are also widely considered to have therapeutic limitations, including the development of next-day carryover sedation, as well as problems with chronic use, such as the development of toleran

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Malka, R., H. Lôo, H. Ganry, A. Souche, C. Marey, and A. Kamoun. "Long-Term Administration of Tianeptine in Depressed Patients after Alcohol Withdrawal." British Journal of Psychiatry 160, S15 (1992): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000296712.

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Alcohol interferes with the central metabolism of the catecholamines and especially with indolamines (5-HT). Thus, the use of an antidepressant such as tianeptine, whose main neurochemical effect is to increase the reuptake of 5-HT, seems to be particularly indicated for the continued treatment of depressed patients after alcohol withdrawal. This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy and acceptability during long-term administration of tianeptine in depressed patients (major depressive episode or dysthymic disorder) in a multicentre trial, after withdrawal from alcohol abuse or dependence.

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Ramos, Camilla De Azevedo, and Mira Wengert. "PHARMACOTHERAPEUTIC MONITORING OF USERS AT THE LIMA BARRETO PSYCHO-SOCIAL CARE CENTRE (CAPS): A STRATEGY IN HEALTH PROMOTION." Revista Eletrônica Perspectivas da Ciência e Tecnologia - ISSN: 1984-5693 10 (December 18, 2018): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.22407/1984-5693.2018.v10.p.170-181.

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Mental disorders are a relevant public health issue nowadays. Pharmaceutical Care in mental health can be a viable strategy to care for users of the Brazilian Health System (SUS), effectively contributing to promote the rational use of medications and increase patient adherence to treatment. A study was carried out, therefore, at the CAPS-Lima Barreto Psycho-Social Care Centre (Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Lima Barreto, in the BrPt name) in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, aimed at using pharmaceutical care as a strategy to promote health, with the goals of identifying, assessing, and mo

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Khouadja, S., R. Ben Soussia, A. Bouallagui, I. Marrag, S. Younes, and M. Nasr. "Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1243.

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IntroductionAs antipsychotic agents are increasingly used, many patients are at risk for antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia.Aims of the studyEstimate the prevalence of hyperprolactinemia in patients treated by a single antipsychotic and identify the risk factors for its occurrence.MethodsThis is a prospective study carried out at the psychiatric department of psychiatry of university hospital of Mahdia during 24 months. We have included all patients with a follow up and treated by single antipsychotic for at least 12 weeks. A pituitary MRI has been requested for patients with a prolactin

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Meireles, Vânia, Tiago Rosado, Mário Barroso, et al. "Mitragyna speciosa: Clinical, Toxicological Aspects and Analysis in Biological and Non-Biological Samples." Medicines 6, no. 1 (2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines6010035.

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The abuse of psychotropic substances is a well-known phenomenon, and many of them are usually associated with ancestral traditions and home remedies. This is the case of Mitragyna speciosa (kratom), a tropical tree used to improve work performance and to withstand great heat. According to several published studies, the main reasons for kratom consumption involve improving sexual performance and endurance, but also social and recreational uses for the feeling of happiness and euphoria; it is also used for medical purposes as a pain reliever, and in the treatment of diarrhea, fever, diabetes, an

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Petric, Paula, Lorena Dima, Petru Ifteni, et al. "Clozapine Efficacy, Type of Titration and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Using Chemical Methods for Serum Level Assessment." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 8 (2019): 2866–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.8.7445.

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Approximately 30% of patients are included in treatment-resistant schizophrenia and clozapine remains the only antipsychotic with proved superior efficacy in these cases. Currently, although clozapine is considered as the most effective pharmacological intervention for treatment-resistant schizophrenia in all national guidelines, its use is suboptimal due to doctors� concerns about tolerability and inappropriate adherence of patients to haematological monitoring required for early detection of severe neutropenia. Although treatment guidelines recommend the use of clozapine starting with a dose

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Mikhailov, V. A., L. V. Lukina, and N. Yu Safonova. "Effectiveness of neurotropic therapy in the treatment of non-psychotic mental disorders in patients who have suffered a cerebral stroke." V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY 55, no. 2 (2021): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31363/2313-7053-2021-55-2-37-44.

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The purpose of the study: to clarify the prevalence of non-psychotic mental disorders in the population of patients suffered a cerebral stroke, and to assess the potential use of neurotropic drugs for the correction of certain types of psychopathological syndromes. Materials and methods: 180 patients were examined in the recovery period of brain stroke (the average duration of stroke was 20.7±6.6 months): 78 men and 102 women aged 39 to 90 years (the average age was 64.8±11.2). All patients underwent neuroimaging, experimental psychological research and a psychiatrist’s examination. Results: a

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Almeida, C., S. Paulino, M. Croca, and N. Santos. "Benzodiazepines Intake at Youth–Experience from Adolescent Consultation at Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S120—S121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1917.

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IntroductionThe increasing intake of psychotropic medication by children and adolescents is a reality that worries many mental health professionals. Recently, european school survey project on alcohol and other drugs showed that tranquillizers and sedatives were mainly consumed by Portuguese youth, without medical prescription, bringing this topic to medical and health stakeholders’ attention.ObjectivesCharacterize benzodiazepine prescription in the youth population followed in a psychiatric consultation at centro hospitalar Lisboa Norte psychiatric department.AimsDiscuss Portuguese trends in

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Rokita, Konrad, Grzegorz Cessak, Marta Dąbrowska, and Ewa Bałkowiec-Iskra. "Therapeutic equivalence of psychotropic drugs." Pharmacological Reports 67 (September 2015): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pharep.2015.06.112.

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Baumann, P., C. Hiemke, S. Ulrich, et al. "Therapeutic Monitoring of Psychotropic Drugs." Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 26, no. 2 (2004): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007691-200404000-00014.

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Thapa, DK, N. Lammichhane, and S. Subedi. "A hospital based study: is the prescription of Benzodiazepine consistent with the guidelines?" Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences 2, no. 1 (2014): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i1.10489.

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OBJECTIVE: Benzodiazepines are one of the most frequently prescribed psychotropic drugs. They confer a therapeutic value in a wide range of conditions. They exert sedative/ hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant and amnesic action. Nearly all of the disadvantages of benzodiazepines result from long term use leading to development of tolerance, dependence and withdrawal. This study was done to determine if the pattern of benzodiazepines prescription among the psychiatric patients is consistent with the guideline. METHODS: This was a descriptive, hospital based cross- sectional st

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Brito-da-Costa, Andreia Machado, Diana Dias-da-Silva, Nelson G. M. Gomes, Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira, and Áurea Madureira-Carvalho. "Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Salvinorin A and Salvia divinorum: Clinical and Forensic Aspects." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 2 (2021): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14020116.

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Salvia divinorum Epling and Játiva is a perennial mint from the Lamiaceae family, endemic to Mexico, predominantly from the state of Oaxaca. Due to its psychoactive properties, S. divinorum had been used for centuries by Mazatecans for divinatory, religious, and medicinal purposes. In recent years, its use for recreational purposes, especially among adolescents and young adults, has progressively increased. The main bioactive compound underlying the hallucinogenic effects, salvinorin A, is a non-nitrogenous diterpenoid with high affinity and selectivity for the κ-opioid receptor. The aim of th

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Bengtsson, Finn. "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Psychotropic Drugs." Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 26, no. 2 (2004): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007691-200404000-00010.

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