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1

Susan, McKellar, ed. The facts about alcohol, aggression and adolescence. Cassell, 1995.

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2

Gee, Siobhan, and David Taylor. Pharmacological management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia: advanced use of clozapine. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198828761.003.0008.

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Clozapine is licensed in the UK for use in treatment-resistant schizophrenia, treatment-intolerant schizophrenia, or psychosis associated with Parkinson’s disease. As with many drugs, it is also used outside of these licensing parameters for other conditions or clinical situations—often referred to as ‘off-label’ prescribing. These off-label indications have varying degrees of theoretical support, peer-reviewed evidence, and practical experience associated with them. This chapter discusses the use of clozapine for children and adolescents, older adults, and in the treatment of aggression and m
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3

Brar, Jaspreet S. Epidemiology of Schizophrenia. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199331505.003.0003.

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Epidemiology can help us understand who is at risk for developing a disorder, what may happen to them, and perhaps even why people get the disorder to begin with. In this chapter, we will review the incidence and prevalence of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, as well as factors affecting such rates. Risk factors for psychosis include socio-demographics (e.g., gender, age, migrant status, class), predisposing factors (e.g., season of birth, perinatal trauma), and precipitating factors (e.g., substance use, psychosocial stress). We will highlight controversial issues such as trauma
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4

Coyne, Sarah M., and Jamie M. Ostrov. The Development of Relational Aggression. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190491826.003.0001.

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This chapter provides an overview to The Development of Relational Aggression. It focusses on one type of nonphysical aggression—namely, relational aggression. Relational aggression is defined as behavior that is intended to harm another’s relationships or feelings of inclusion in a group. Unlike physical aggression, the scars of relational aggression are more difficult to see. However, victims (and aggressors) may experience strong and long-lasting consequences, including reduced self-esteem, loneliness, substance use, eating pathology, depression, and anxiety. The field of relational, indire
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5

Coyne, Sarah M., and Jamie M. Ostrov, eds. The Development of Relational Aggression. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190491826.001.0001.

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The Development of Relational Aggression provides a rich and detailed literature review on developmental processes associated with the perpetration of relational aggression (and related terms of indirect aggression and social aggression) across childhood, adolescence, and emerging adulthood (with a brief mention of relational aggression in adulthood). Relational aggression is defined as behavior that is intended to harm another’s relationships or feelings of inclusion in a group. Unlike physical aggression, the scars of relational aggression are more difficult to see. However, victims (and agg
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6

Timmins, Bryan. Intravenous drug use. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0084.

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Intravenous drug use (IVDU) is the unlawful self-administration of a psychopharmacologically active substance by the intravenous route. Opioids such as heroin (diamorphine), buprenorphine (especially in France), and morphine (usually medicinal morphine sulphate ground into powder and suspended in partial solution) are the drugs most commonly taken intravenously. Amphetamine sulphate, cocaine, and increasingly crack cocaine (especially in Latin America) and short-acting benzodiazepines such as temazepam and lorazepam are also frequently injected. Single drug use is rare and many users will expe
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7

Heston, Leonard L. Mending Minds: A Guide to the New Psychiatry of Depression, Anxiety, and Other Serious Mental Disorders (Series of Books in Psychology). W.H. Freeman & Company, 1991.

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8

Caldwell, Lesley, and Helen Taylor Robinson, eds. The Collected Works of D. W. Winnicott. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780190271404.001.0001.

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Volume eight, 1967–68, is introduced by the eminent British child psychotherapist, Ann Horne. It gathers together Winnicott’s interests in play and playing, and in health, including papers on infantile schizophrenia, the squiggle game, the roots of aggression, interpretation, his significant late paper ‘The Use of an Object’, and his obituary of James Strachey, his first analyst and editor of the Standard Edition of Sigmund Freud. It also includes a number of Winnicott’s letters charting his recovery from a serious illness, from hospital in New York, to his secretary Joyce Coles.
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9

Mueser, Kim T., Douglas L. Noordsy, and Robert E. Drake. Serious Mental Illness. Edited by Kenneth J. Sher. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199381708.013.009.

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The high comorbidity between substance use disorders and serious mental illnesses is a significant challenge to traditional treatment systems that have historically treated psychiatric and substance use disorders with different providers and agencies. Defining characteristics of serious mental illness include difficulty with work, performing in school or parenting, social difficulties, and problems caring for oneself. Common serious psychiatric disorders include schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, and severe major depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and borderline
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10

Trestman, Robert, Kenneth Appelbaum, and Jeffrey Metzner, eds. Oxford Textbook of Correctional Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.001.0001.

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The Oxford Textbook of Correctional Psychiatry addresses the history, structure, and processes of correctional psychiatry, including case law, human rights, ethics, organization and funding of systems, as well as stages of patient management that cover initial assessments through re-entry. It also discusses management issues, emergencies, psychopharmacology topics, sleep, detoxification, reassessment of community diagnoses and treatments, diversion programs, levels of care, malingering, substance use within facilities, and formulary management. It also covers common psychiatric disorders, rele
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11

Vorel, Stanislav R., and Sarah H. Lisanby. Therapeutic potential of TMS-induced plasticity in the prefrontal cortex. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0038.

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This article discusses synaptic plasticity as a potential mechanism of enduring changes in function observed after relatively brief periods of repetitive (r)TMS. Plasticity is a use dependent enduring change in neural structure and function. The characteristics of plasticity are described in this article. Taking into account, the interactions between rTMS and pharmacological manipulations, this article explores how principles of synaptic plasticity may be exploited in the rational design of future rTMS paradigms in psychiatric disorders like major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive diso
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12

Phillips, Katharine A. Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Children and Adolescents. Edited by Katharine A. Phillips. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190254131.003.0014.

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Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) usually has its onset during childhood or adolescence. Prevalence studies indicate that BDD is common in adolescents. BDD symptoms in children and adolescents appear largely similar to those in adults, although BDD may be somewhat more severe in youth. Youth with BDD typically have poor psychosocial functioning and mental health–related quality of life. BDD often causes academic underachievement, social avoidance, and other types of psychosocial impairment; it may lead to school refusal and dropping out of school. Suicidal ideation and attempts, physical aggressi
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13

Hatfield, Catherine, and Tom Dening. Severe and enduring mental illness. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199644957.003.0048.

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Severe and enduring mental illness refers mainly to the long term experience of schizophrenia and psychosis but also to other chronic functional disorders. The prevalence of psychoses in older people is hard to measure but estimates are around 0.5% of the population. Historically many people with long term illness resided in psychiatric hospitals but now most are in the community, receiving variable amounts of support from mental health, primary care, and social services. The physical health of this population is often poor and they receive less treatment and support than other older people wi
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14

Thompson, Alexander, Daniel Williams, Oliver Freudenreich, Andrew Angelino, and Glenn Treisman. Psychotic Disorders and Serious Mental Illness. Edited by Mary Ann Cohen, Jack M. Gorman, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Paul Volberding, and Scott Letendre. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0019.

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The major public health problem that is HIV/AIDS in persons with a serious mental illness is aptly described a “syndemic.” Having HIV/AIDS puts one at much greater risk for developing a serious mental illness. Conversely, having a serious mental illness, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, substance use disorder, is associated with many factors that place one at greater risk for contracting and transmitting HIV. And, in both cases of serious mental illness and HIV/AIDS, each disorder creates many new challenges in the management of the other disorder. This chapt
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15

Bagby, R. Michael, Amanda Uliaszek, Tara M. Gralnick, and Nadia Al-Dajani. Axis I Disorders. Edited by Thomas A. Widiger. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352487.013.5.

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The purpose of this chapter is to summarize and discuss the complex relationship between Five Factor Model (FFM) personality traits and clinical (Axis I) psychopathology, including depressive, bipolar, anxiety, obsessive–compulsive, eating, schizophrenia and psychotic, trauma and stress-related, and substance use disorders. Considered herein will be the alternative forms of relationship, including vulnerability, common cause, pathoplasty, complication/scar, and spectrum. This chapter will highlight the necessity for well-designed, longitudinal studies aimed at elucidating the complex relations
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16

Simberlund, Jessica, and Eric Hollander. The Relationship of Body Dysmorphic Disorder to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and the Concept of the Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum. Edited by Katharine A. Phillips. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190254131.003.0034.

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This chapter describes the relationship of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and the concept of the obsessive-compulsive spectrum. BDD is proposed to be part of an obsessive-compulsive spectrum of disorders, given its many similarities to OCD. OCD and BDD are both characterized by obsessions and compulsions, although in BDD individuals focus specifically on body image concerns, whereas in OCD they typically focus on concerns such as contamination, harm, and aggression. Distress that results from obsessions usually generates compulsive behaviors intended to r
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17

North, Carol, and Sean Yutzy. Goodwin and Guze's Psychiatric Diagnosis 7th Edition. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190215460.001.0001.

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Well known for providing a thorough yet concise view of the natural history of psychiatric disorders, this popular text has been newly updated chapter by chapter in this seventh edition. As in previous editions, each chapter systematically covers the definition, historical background, epidemiology, clinical picture, natural history, complications, family studies, differential diagnosis, and clinical management of each disorder. Terminology has been updated for consistency with changes made in DSM-5. Recent epidemiological and neurobiological findings are provided, including the long-term cours
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18

Rothberg, Brian, and Robert E. Feinstein. Suicide. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199326075.003.0012.

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All psychiatric assessments should include screening for recent suicidal ideation and past suicide behavior. The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) provides a reliable objective assessment of suicide risk. A history of past suicide attempts is a risk factor for future suicide, and risk is increased by more serious, more frequent, or more recent attempts. Over 90% of individuals who die by suicide have at least one psychiatric disorder. Patients with schizophrenia, alcohol and other substance use disorders, and borderline and antisocial personality disorders are at increased risk f
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19

Diamond, Pamela M. Traumatic brain injury. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0053.

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During the past decade, traumatic brain injury (TBI) has become a frequent topic in the media. It has been a decade of expanding awareness, increased research, and growing concern about TBI of all severity levels. Consistent with this increased attention, researchers and policymakers have made strides toward greater understanding of the risks of TBI, the scope and complexity of the symptom profiles seen after TBI, and the types of treatments that optimize recovery. Recent studies have confirmed a 50 to 60% prevalence of TBI among prisoners. Most have experienced multiple injuries and experienc
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20

Ansari, Arash, and David Osser. Psychopharmacology. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197537046.001.0001.

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Psychopharmacology: A Concise Overview, 3rd Edition discusses and reviews currently available psychiatric medications and their evidence-supported use in current clinical practice. It discusses the therapeutic uses of antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, stimulants, and other medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as medicines for substance use disorders. It reviews the medications’ mechanisms of action, therapeutic effects, potential drug–drug interactions and short- and long-term adverse effects and risks. It includes
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21

Evans, Dwight L., Edna B. Foa, Raquel E. Gur, et al., eds. Treating and Preventing Adolescent Mental Health Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780199928163.001.0001.

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Sponsored by the Adolescent Mental Health Initiative of the Annenberg Public Policy Center (APPC) of the University of Pennsylvania and the Sunnylands Trust, this book provides a major update since the first edition in 2006. It addresses the state of our knowledge about mental health disorders in the teenage years, a developmental period when behavior and the brain are still “plastic.” Here, six commissions established by the APPC and the Sunnylands Trust pool their expertise on adolescent anxiety, schizophrenia, substance use disorders, depression and bipolar disorders, eating disorders, and
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