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Journal articles on the topic 'Signalling pathway'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Lojk, Jasna, and Janja Marc. "Roles of Non-Canonical Wnt Signalling Pathways in Bone Biology." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19 (2021): 10840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910840.

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The Wnt signalling pathway is one of the central signalling pathways in bone development, homeostasis and regulation of bone mineral density. It consists of numerous Wnt ligands, receptors and co-receptors, which ensure tight spatiotemporal regulation of Wnt signalling pathway activity and thus tight regulation of bone tissue homeostasis. This enables maintenance of optimal mineral density, tissue healing and adaptation to changes in bone loading. While the role of the canonical/β-catenin Wnt signalling pathway in bone homeostasis is relatively well researched, Wnt ligands can also activate se

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Wang, Lin-Qing, Jing-Cai Liu, Chun-Lei Chen, et al. "Regulation of primordial follicle recruitment by cross-talk between the Notch and phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN)/AKT pathways." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 28, no. 6 (2016): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd14212.

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The growth of oocytes and the development of follicles require certain pathways involved in cell proliferation and survival, such as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway and the Notch signalling pathway. The aim of the present study was to investigate the interaction between Notch and the PI3K/AKT signalling pathways and their effects on primordial follicle recruitment. When the Notch pathway was inhibited by L-685,458 or N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-S-phenylglycinet-butyl ester (DAPT) in vitro, the expression of genes in the pathway and the percentage of oocytes in grow

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Sanz-Ezquerro, Juan José, and Ana Cuenda. "p38 Signalling Pathway." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 3 (2021): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031003.

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p38 Mitogen activated protein kinases (p38MAPK) are a highly evolutionary conserved group of protein kinases, which are central for cell adaptation to environmental changes as well as for immune response, inflammation, tissue regeneration, and tumour formation [...]

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4

Gomi, Kenji, and Makoto Matsuoka. "Gibberellin signalling pathway." Current Opinion in Plant Biology 6, no. 5 (2003): 489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-5266(03)00079-7.

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Ma, Chen-Yu, Yu-Qian Ma, and Min Deng. "Mechanism of Zhen Wu Decoction in the Treatment of Heart Failure Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (March 15, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4877920.

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Heart failure (HF) is a serious manifestation or advanced stage of various cardiovascular diseases, and its mortality and rehospitalization rate are still on the rise in China. Based on the network pharmacology method, 59 components of Zhen Wu decoction (ZWD) and 83 target genes related to HF were obtained. Through the PPI network, four potential therapeutic targets were identified: AKT1, IL6, JUN, and MAPK8. The beneficial components of ZWD might intervene HF through the AGE-RAGE signalling pathway in the diabetes component, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, the TNF signalling pathway,

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Langiu, Monica, Philipp Bechstein, Sonja Neumann, Gabriele Spohn, and Erik Maronde. "Regulation of CRE-Dependent Transcriptional Activity in a Mouse Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Cell Line." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 20 (2022): 12226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012226.

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We evaluated the signalling framework of immortalized cells from the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the mouse. We selected a vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-positive sub-clone of immortalized mouse SCN-cells stably expressing a cAMP-regulated-element (CRE)-luciferase construct named SCNCRE. We characterized these cells in terms of their status as neuronal cells, as well as for important components of the cAMP-dependent signal transduction pathway and compared them to SCN ex vivo. SCNCRE cells were treated with agents that modulate different intracellular signalling pathways

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Jarnæss, E., and K. Taskén. "Spatiotemporal control of cAMP signalling processes by anchored signalling complexes." Biochemical Society Transactions 35, no. 5 (2007): 931–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0350931.

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Ligand-induced changes in cAMP concentration vary in duration, amplitude and extension into the cell. cAMP microdomains are shaped by adenylate cyclases that form cAMP as well as PDEs (phosphodiesterases) that degrade cAMP. Various extracellular signals converge on the cAMP/PKA (protein kinase A) pathway through ligand binding to GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors) and the cAMP/PKA pathway is therefore tightly regulated on several levels to maintain specificity in the multitude of signal inputs. AKAPs (A-kinase-anchoring proteins) target PKA to specific substrates and distinct subcellular comp

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Joshipura, Akshat, and Salmataj S. A. Salmataj S A. "diopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Review on Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 15, no. 1 (2022): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2366.

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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive disease characterized by extracellular matrix accumulation and altered mechanical properties of lung tissue. Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) is attracting considerable attention due to disease acceleration and substantial mortality. The biomechanical properties of tissues are sensed and responded to by mechanotransduction pathways that facilitate sensing of changes in mechanical cues by tissue resident cells and convert the mechanical signals into downstream biochemical signals. In this review pathways such as Wnt/β-ca

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Babonis, Leslie S., and Mark Q. Martindale. "Phylogenetic evidence for the modular evolution of metazoan signalling pathways." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, no. 1713 (2017): 20150477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0477.

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Communication among cells was paramount to the evolutionary increase in cell type diversity and, ultimately, the origin of large body size. Across the diversity of Metazoa, there are only few conserved cell signalling pathways known to orchestrate the complex cell and tissue interactions regulating development; thus, modification to these few pathways has been responsible for generating diversity during the evolution of animals. Here, we summarize evidence for the origin and putative function of the intracellular, membrane-bound and secreted components of seven metazoan cell signalling pathway

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10

Agostino, Mark, and Sebastian Öther-Gee Pohl. "The structural biology of canonical Wnt signalling." Biochemical Society Transactions 48, no. 4 (2020): 1765–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20200243.

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The Wnt signalling pathways are of great importance in embryonic development and oncogenesis. Canonical and non-canonical Wnt signalling pathways are known, with the canonical (or β-catenin dependent) pathway being perhaps the best studied of these. While structural knowledge of proteins and interactions involved in canonical Wnt signalling has accumulated over the past 20 years, the pace of discovery has increased in recent years, with the structures of several key proteins and assemblies in the pathway being released. In this review, we provide a brief overview of canonical Wnt signalling, f

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11

Chen, Xiao-Wu, Yuan Ming Di, Jian Zhang, Zhi-Wei Zhou, Chun Guang Li, and Shu-Feng Zhou. "Interaction of Herbal Compounds with Biological Targets: A Case Study with Berberine." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/708292.

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Berberine is one of the main alkaloids found in the Chinese herb Huang lian (Rhizoma Coptidis), which has been reported to have multiple pharmacological activities. This study aimed to analyze the molecular targets of berberine based on literature data followed by a pathway analysis using the PANTHER program. PANTHER analysis of berberine targets showed that the most classes of molecular functions include receptor binding, kinase activity, protein binding, transcription activity, DNA binding, and kinase regulator activity. Based on the biological process classification ofin vitroberberine targ

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Rydenfelt, Mattias, Bertram Klinger, Martina Klünemann, and Nils Blüthgen. "SPEED2: inferring upstream pathway activity from differential gene expression." Nucleic Acids Research 48, W1 (2020): W307—W312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa236.

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Abstract Extracting signalling pathway activities from transcriptome data is important to infer mechanistic origins of transcriptomic dysregulation, for example in disease. A popular method to do so is by enrichment analysis of signature genes in e.g. differentially regulated genes. Previously, we derived signatures for signalling pathways by integrating public perturbation transcriptome data and generated a signature database called SPEED (Signalling Pathway Enrichment using Experimental Datasets), for which we here present a substantial upgrade as SPEED2. This web server hosts consensus sign

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Oceandy, Delvac, Bella Amanda, Faisal Ashari, Zakiyatul Faizah, M. Aziz та Nicholas Stafford. "The Cross-Talk Between the TNF-α and RASSF-Hippo Signalling Pathways". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, № 9 (2019): 2346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092346.

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The regulation of cell death through apoptosis is essential to a number of physiological processes. Defective apoptosis regulation is associated with many abnormalities including anomalies in organ development, altered immune response and the development of cancer. Several signalling pathways are known to regulate apoptosis including the Tumour Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Hippo signalling pathways. In this paper we review the cross-talk between the TNF-α pathway and the Hippo signalling pathway. Several molecules that tightly regulate the Hippo pathway, such as members of the Ras-association

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Chandra, Phool, Zeeshan Ali, Nishat Fatma, Neetu Sachan, and Krishana K. Sharma. "CELL SIGNALLING DYNAMICS IN THE HUMAN BODY PERTAINING TO CANCER." INDIAN DRUGS 61, no. 11 (2024): 7–19. https://doi.org/10.53879/id.61.11.14352.

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Cell signalling is an intricate web of communication that plans and directs fundamental cellular functions. Normal tissue homeostasis, immunity, tissue repair and development - all depend on cells’ capacity to sense and react appropriately to their surroundings. Diseases including diabetes, cancer and autoimmune disorders are caused by mistakes in the way that cells interpret information. Thus, it is essential to comprehend cell signalling to clarify the molecular causes of disease and create efficient treatments. Cancer cells exhibit altered signalling dynamics that promote abnormal prolifera

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MATHIAS, Shalini, Louis A. PEÑA, and Richard N. KOLESNICK. "Signal transduction of stress via ceramide." Biochemical Journal 335, no. 3 (1998): 465–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3350465.

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The sphingomyelin (SM) pathway is a ubiquitous, evolutionarily conserved signalling system analogous to conventional systems such as the cAMP and phosphoinositide pathways. Ceramide, which serves as second messenger in this pathway, is generated from SM by the action of a neutral or acidic SMase, or by de novosynthesis co-ordinated through the enzyme ceramide synthase. A number of direct targets for ceramide action have now been identified, including ceramide-activated protein kinase, ceramide-activated protein phosphatase and protein kinase Cζ, which couple the SM pathway to well defined intr

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16

Gorvin, Caroline M. "Insights into calcium-sensing receptor trafficking and biased signalling by studies of calcium homeostasis." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 61, no. 1 (2018): R1—R12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jme-18-0049.

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The calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) is a class C G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that detects extracellular calcium concentrations, and modulates parathyroid hormone secretion and urinary calcium excretion to maintain calcium homeostasis. The CASR utilises multiple heterotrimeric G-proteins to mediate signalling effects including activation of intracellular calcium release; mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways; membrane ruffling; and inhibition of cAMP production. By studying germline mutations in the CASR and proteins within its signalling pathway that cause hyper- and hypocalca

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17

Sharma, Varun Kumar, Charu Tyagi, Yugandhar P. Reddy, Jayanand Manjhi, and Lomas Kumar Tomar. "Transforming growth factor beta signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma: as a victim or culprit?" International Journal of Advances in Medicine 6, no. 3 (2019): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20192279.

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The transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signalling pathway control various cellular function and play a pivotal role in tumour suppression. In contrary, overexpression of TGFβ is linked to promote the cancer development. TGFβ facilitate cell-growth and cell-differentiation process which support tumour propagation. In case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), TGFβ signalling pathway is the master regulator of HCCs pathogenesis and functionally involved in the regulation of HCCs phenotype via modulating the downstream signalling pathways. In this article, we have highlighted the contradictory beha

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18

Quinn, Niall P., Lucía García-Gutiérrez, Carolanne Doherty, et al. "IQGAP1 Is a Scaffold of the Core Proteins of the Hippo Pathway and Negatively Regulates the Pro-Apoptotic Signal Mediated by This Pathway." Cells 10, no. 2 (2021): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10020478.

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The Hippo pathway regulates a complex signalling network which mediates several biological functions including cell proliferation, organ size and apoptosis. Several scaffold proteins regulate the crosstalk of the members of the pathway with other signalling pathways and play an important role in the diverse output controlled by this pathway. In this study we have identified the scaffold protein IQGAP1 as a novel interactor of the core kinases of the Hippo pathway, MST2 and LATS1. Our results indicate that IQGAP1 scaffolds MST2 and LATS1 supresses their kinase activity and YAP1-dependent transc

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19

Jayaraman, Selvaraj. "Molecular docking analysis of imiquimod with the TGF-β targets for oral carcinoma". Bioinformation 19, № 4 (2023): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630019467.

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TGF-β signalling pathway is the main signalling pathways that regulate various biological functions such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, metabolic dysregulation, and metastasis in many cancer cells. Previous studies have elaborated the role of TGF-β signalling targets have a significant regulatory function in various cancers. Moreover targeting the epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma not yet elucidated. Therefore, it is of interest to document the molecular docking analysis of TGF-β signalling pathway targets such as Smad2, GATA2 and MAFG with imiquim

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20

Hülsken, Jörg, and Jürgen Behrens. "The Wnt signalling pathway." Journal of Cell Science 113, no. 20 (2000): 3545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.113.20.3545.

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21

Huelsken, J. "The Wnt signalling pathway." Journal of Cell Science 115, no. 21 (2002): 3977–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.00089.

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22

CARTER-SU, CHRISTIN, ANTHONY PJ KING, LAWRENCE S. ARGETSINGER, LISA S. SMIT, JOYCE VANDERKUUR, and GEORGE S. CAMPBELL. "Signalling Pathway of GH." Endocrine Journal 43, Suppl (1996): S65—S70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1507/endocrj.43.suppl_s65.

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23

Lizcano, Jose M., and Dario R. Alessi. "The insulin signalling pathway." Current Biology 12, no. 7 (2002): R236—R238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00777-7.

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Barbolina, Maria V., Rebecca J. Burkhalter, and M. Sharon Stack. "Diverse mechanisms for activation of Wnt signalling in the ovarian tumour microenvironment." Biochemical Journal 437, no. 1 (2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20110112.

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Wnt signalling pathways have been shown to play key roles in both normal development and tumorigenesis. Progression of many human cancers is associated with defined mutations in Wnt pathway components that result in dysregulated β-catenin-mediated gene transcription. Although Wnt pathway mutations are rare in epithelial ovarian cancer (with the exception of the endometrioid histotype), accumulating evidence supports a role for Wnt signalling in ovarian tumorigenesis in the absence of genetic mutations. The present review summarizes evidence in support of activated Wnt signalling in ovarian tum

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Wang, Mingyang, Weiwei Wu, Lin Li, et al. "Analysis of the miRNA Expression Profiles in the Zearalenone-Exposed TM3 Leydig Cell Line." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 3 (2019): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030635.

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Zearalenone (ZEN), an important environmental pollutant, can cause serious harm to human and animal health. The aim of our study was to examine the effect of zearalenone (ZEN) on miRNA expression profiles in the mouse Leydig cell line (TM3 Leydig cell line) by miRNA sequencing. The effect of ZEN on the viability of TM3 Leydig cells was verified by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). MiRNA sequencing was performed 24 h after the exposure of TM3 Leydig cells with 50 μmol/L of ZEN. Bioinformatics predicted the miRNA target genes, performed Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (

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Ouyang, Conghao. "Exploring disease therapeutic strategies by modulating the TNF-/NF-KB signalling pathway." Theoretical and Natural Science 44, no. 1 (2024): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/44/20240868.

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In recent years, the number of patients with rheumatic diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis has been increasing, with over 3 million young people suffering from the disease. One main causal factor for these diseases is tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), a pro-inflammatory cytokine that triggers mutations and apoptosis of various cell types by activating multiple signalling pathways. NF-KB is an essential intracellular nuclear transcription factor that participates in the inflammatory and immune responses of the organism and regulates apoptosis and stress responses. Excessive activation of NF

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Romano, David, David Matallanas, Dennie T. Frederick, Keith T. Flaherty, and Walter Kolch. "One Hippo and many masters: differential regulation of the Hippo pathway in cancer." Biochemical Society Transactions 42, no. 4 (2014): 816–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20140030.

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The Hippo/MST2 (mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 2) pathway is a signalling cascade evolutionarily conserved in its structure. Originally described in Drosophila melanogaster as a regulator of organ size, this pathway has greater functions in mammals. Disturbance of mammalian MST2 pathway is associated with tumorigenesis by affecting apoptosis, cell cycle and polarity. In addition, this pathway has been shown to cross-talk with mitogenic pathways at multiple levels. In the present mini-review, we discuss our contribution highlighting the regulation of MST2 signalling by frequently observed onc

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Pan, Qiaowei, Tomas Kay, Alexandra Depincé та ін. "Evolution of master sex determiners: TGF-β signalling pathways at regulatory crossroads". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, № 1832 (2021): 20200091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0091.

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To date, more than 20 different vertebrate master sex-determining genes have been identified on different sex chromosomes of mammals, birds, frogs and fish. Interestingly, six of these genes are transcription factors ( Dmrt1 - or Sox3 - related) and 13 others belong to the TGF-β signalling pathway ( Amh , Amhr2 , Bmpr1b , Gsdf and Gdf6 ). This pattern suggests that only a limited group of factors/signalling pathways are prone to become top regulators again and again. Although being clearly a subordinate member of the sex-regulatory network in mammals, the TGF-β signalling pathway made it to th

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Cunningham, Richard, and Carsten Gram Hansen. "The Hippo pathway in cancer: YAP/TAZ and TEAD as therapeutic targets in cancer." Clinical Science 136, no. 3 (2022): 197–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20201474.

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Abstract Tumorigenesis is a highly complex process, involving many interrelated and cross-acting signalling pathways. One such pathway that has garnered much attention in the field of cancer research over the last decade is the Hippo signalling pathway. Consisting of two antagonistic modules, the pathway plays an integral role in both tumour suppressive and oncogenic processes, generally via regulation of a diverse set of genes involved in a range of biological functions. This review discusses the history of the pathway within the context of cancer and explores some of the most recent discover

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Pfeifer, Andrea C., Jens Timmer, and Ursula Klingmüller. "Systems biology of JAK/STAT signalling." Essays in Biochemistry 45 (September 30, 2008): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bse0450109.

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Signalling in multicellular organisms is mediated by complex networks that integrate extracellular and intracellular signals to generate appropriate responses regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. Downstream of many cytokine and growth hormone receptors, receptor-associated JAKs (Janus kinases) activate transcription factors of the STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) protein family and thereby mediate signal transduction from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. The JAK/STAT pathway has been shown to be constitutively activated in a wide array of human

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Kofahl, Bente, та Jana Wolf. "Mathematical modelling of Wnt/β-catenin signalling". Biochemical Society Transactions 38, № 5 (2010): 1281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0381281.

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The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays an important role in development and disease. Theoretical approaches have been used to describe this pathway and have provided intriguing insights into its signalling characteristics. In the present paper, we review mathematical models of the pathway. We focus on a quantitative kinetic model for canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling describing the reactions of the pathway's core compounds [Lee, Salic, Krüger, Heinrich and Kirschner (2003) PLoS Biol. 1, 116–132]. Numerous modifications and further analyses with respect to signalling characteristics, transcriptional

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Pacherník, Jiří, V. Horváth, L. Kubala, P. Dvořák, A. Kozubík, and A. Hampl. "Neural Differentiation Potentiated by the Leukaemia Inhibitory Factor through STAT3 Signalling in Mouse Embryonal Carcinoma Cells." Folia Biologica 53, no. 5 (2007): 157–63. https://doi.org/10.14712/fb2007053050157.

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LIF is a cytokine playing a key role in the regulation of self-renewal and maintenance of undifferentiated state in mouse ES cells. The response of pluripotent cells to LIF is mediated mainly by the STAT3 and ERK signalling pathways. Recently, we have shown that LIF potentiated retinoic acid-induced neural differentiation of pluripotent mouse embryonal carcinoma P19 cells. Here we demonstrate that pro-neural effects of LIF and partially also of retinoic acid are abolished by inhibition of the JAK2->STAT3 signalling pathway. In contrast, inhibition of the MEK1->ERK signalling pathway does

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Whitmarsh, A. J. "The JIP family of MAPK scaffold proteins." Biochemical Society Transactions 34, no. 5 (2006): 828–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0340828.

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The components of MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signalling pathways can assemble into complexes that are co-ordinated by regulatory proteins including scaffold proteins. There is increasing evidence that scaffold proteins (i) maintain signalling specificity and facilitate the activation of pathway components, (ii) localize pathway components to particular subcellular sites or to specific targets, and (iii) serve as a point of signal integration to allow regulation of MAPK pathways by other signalling events in the cell. One family of scaffold proteins that regulate signalling by stre

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Liu, Keying. "Immune, metabolism and therapeutic targets in RA (Rheumatoid Arthritis)." BIO Web of Conferences 55 (2022): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20225501016.

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Rheumatoid arthritis is a classic autoimmune disease, the pathogenesis of which is closely linked to the auto-reactivity of immune cells and joint inflammation. Three cell types, namely T cells, macrophages and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA. Numerous studies have pointed to a metabolic reprogramming of T cells, macrophages and FLS in the pathogenesis of RA arthritis, with alterations in different metabolic pathways of cells, mainly producing a shift from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis, in addition to lipid metabolism and

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Fu, Yang, Shanshan Sun, Xiaojun Man, and Chuize Kong. "Increased expression of RUNX1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma predicts poor prognosis." PeerJ 7 (October 2, 2019): e7854. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7854.

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Background Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) was previously reported to play a dual role in promoting or suppressing tumorigenesis in various malignancies. A public dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used to evaluate the role of RUNX1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Methods The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the expression of RUNX1 in ccRCC tissues and normal tissues. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and logistic regression were utilized to investigate the relationship between clinicopathological factors and RUNX1 expression. Additionally, we anal

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Findlay, Greg M., Lijun Yan, Julia Procter, Virginie Mieulet, and Richard F. Lamb. "A MAP4 kinase related to Ste20 is a nutrient-sensitive regulator of mTOR signalling." Biochemical Journal 403, no. 1 (2007): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20061881.

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The mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signalling pathway is a key regulator of cell growth and is controlled by growth factors and nutrients such as amino acids. Although signalling pathways from growth factor receptors to mTOR have been elucidated, the pathways mediating signalling by nutrients are poorly characterized. Through a screen for protein kinases active in the mTOR signalling pathway in Drosophila we have identified a Ste20 family member (MAP4K3) that is required for maximal S6K (S6 kinase)/4E-BP1 [eIF4E (eukaryotic initiation factor 4E)-binding protein 1] phosphorylation and reg

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Coleman, Mathew L., and Peter J. Ratcliffe. "Oxygen sensing and hypoxia-induced responses." Essays in Biochemistry 43 (August 10, 2007): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bse0430001.

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Low cellular oxygenation (hypoxia) represents a significant threat to the viability of affected tissues. Multicellular organisms have evolved a highly conserved signalling pathway that directs many of the changes in gene expression that underpin physiological oxygen homoeostasis. Oxygen-sensing enzymes in this pathway control the activity of the HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor) transcription factor by the direct incorporation of molecular oxygen into the post-translational hydroxylation of specific residues. This represents the canonical hypoxia signalling pathway which regulates a plethora of g

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Henshall, D. C. "Apoptosis signalling pathways in seizure-induced neuronal death and epilepsy." Biochemical Society Transactions 35, no. 2 (2007): 421–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0350421.

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Delineating the molecular pathways underlying seizure-induced neuronal death may yield novel strategies for brain protection against prolonged or repetitive seizures. Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity and necrosis is a primary contributing mechanism but seizures also activate programmed (apoptotic) cell death pathways. Apoptosis signalling pathways are typically initiated following perturbation of intracellular organelle function (intrinsic pathway) or by activated cell-surface-expressed death receptors (extrinsic pathway), with signalling cascades orchestrated in part by the Bcl-2 and caspase

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Zen, Ayman Al Haj, and Paolo Madeddu. "Notch signalling in ischaemia-induced angiogenesis." Biochemical Society Transactions 37, no. 6 (2009): 1221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0371221.

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Notch signalling represents a key pathway essential for normal vascular development. Recently, great attention has been focused on the implication of Notch pathway components in postnatal angiogenesis and regenerative medicine. This paper critically reviews the most recent findings supporting the role of Notch in ischaemia-induced neovascularization. Notch signalling reportedly regulates several steps of the reparative process occurring in ischaemic tissues, including sprouting angiogenesis, vessel maturation, interaction of vascular cells with recruited leucocytes and skeletal myocyte regener

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Šrámek, Jan, Vlasta Němcová-Fürstová та Jan Kovář. "Molecular Mechanisms of Apoptosis Induction and Its Regulation by Fatty Acids in Pancreatic β-Cells". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, № 8 (2021): 4285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22084285.

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Pancreatic β-cell failure and death contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. One of the main factors responsible for β-cell dysfunction and subsequent cell death is chronic exposure to increased concentrations of FAs (fatty acids). The effect of FAs seems to depend particularly on the degree of their saturation. Saturated FAs induce apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells, whereas unsaturated FAs are well tolerated and are even capable of inhibiting the pro-apoptotic effect of saturated FAs. Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induction by saturated FAs in β-cells are not complet

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Koblas, T., I. Leontovyč, K. Zacharovová, et al. "Activation of the Jak/Stat Signalling Pathway by Leukaemia Inhibitory Factor Stimulates Trans-differentiation of Human Non-Endocrine Pancreatic Cells into Insulin-Producing Cells." Folia Biologica 58, no. 3 (2012): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/fb2012058030098.

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Differentiation of pancreatic β-cells is regulated by a wide range of signalling pathways. The aim of our current work was to evaluate the effect of the Jak/Stat signalling pathway on the differentiation of human non-endocrine pancreatic cells into insulin-producing cells. Activation of the Jak/Stat signalling pathway by leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) stimulated differentiation of C-peptide-negative human non-endocrine pancreatic cells into insulin-producing cells in 6.3 ± 2.0 % cells (N = 5) and induced expression of pro-endocrine transcription factor neurogenin 3, Notch signalling pathway

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Spormann, Luise, Christiane Rennert, Erik Kolbe, et al. "Cyclopamine and Rapamycin Synergistically Inhibit mTOR Signalling in Mouse Hepatocytes, Revealing an Interaction of Hedgehog and mTor Signalling in the Liver." Cells 9, no. 8 (2020): 1817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9081817.

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In the liver, energy homeostasis is mainly regulated by mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling, which influences relevant metabolic pathways, including lipid metabolism. However, the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is one of the newly identified drivers of hepatic lipid metabolism. Although the link between mTOR and Hh signalling was previously demonstrated in cancer development and progression, knowledge of their molecular crosstalk in healthy liver is lacking. To close this information gap, we used a transgenic mouse model, which allows hepatocyte-specific deletion of the Hh pathway, and in

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Peri, Shraddha Shravani, Krithicaa Narayanaa Y, Therese Deebiga Hubert, et al. "Navigating Tumour Microenvironment and Wnt Signalling Crosstalk: Implications for Advanced Cancer Therapeutics." Cancers 15, no. 24 (2023): 5847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15245847.

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Cancer therapeutics face significant challenges due to drug resistance and tumour recurrence. The tumour microenvironment (TME) is a crucial contributor and essential hallmark of cancer. It encompasses various components surrounding the tumour, including intercellular elements, immune system cells, the vascular system, stem cells, and extracellular matrices, all of which play critical roles in tumour progression, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, metastasis, drug resistance, and relapse. These components interact with multiple signalling pathways, positively or negatively influencing cell gro

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Wang, Baojun, Mauricio Barahona, Martin Buck, and Jörg Schumacher. "Rewiring cell signalling through chimaeric regulatory protein engineering." Biochemical Society Transactions 41, no. 5 (2013): 1195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20130138.

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Bacterial cells continuously sense and respond to their environment using their inherent signalling and gene regulatory networks. Cells are equipped with parallel signalling pathways, which can specifically cope with individual input signals, while interconnectivities between pathways lead to an enhanced complexity of regulatory responses that enable sophisticated adaptation. In principle, any cell signalling pathway may be rewired to respond to non-cognate signals by exchanging and recombining their underlying cognate signalling components. In the present article, we review the engineering st

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KOLCH, Walter. "Meaningful relationships: the regulation of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway by protein interactions." Biochemical Journal 351, no. 2 (2000): 289–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3510289.

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The Ras/Raf/MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase)/ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) pathway is at the heart of signalling networks that govern proliferation, differentiation and cell survival. Although the basic regulatory steps have been elucidated, many features of this pathway are only beginning to emerge. This review focuses on the role of protein–protein interactions in the regulation of this pathway, and how they contribute to co-ordinate activation steps, subcellular redistribution, substrate phosphorylation and cross-talk with other signalling pathways.

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Loo, Christine K. C., Michael A. Pearen, and Grant A. Ramm. "The Role of Sonic Hedgehog in Human Holoprosencephaly and Short-Rib Polydactyly Syndromes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 18 (2021): 9854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189854.

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The Hedgehog (HH) signalling pathway is one of the major pathways controlling cell differentiation and proliferation during human development. This pathway is complex, with HH function influenced by inhibitors, promotors, interactions with other signalling pathways, and non-genetic and cellular factors. Many aspects of this pathway are not yet clarified. The main features of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signalling are discussed in relation to its function in human development. The possible role of SHH will be considered using examples of holoprosencephaly and short-rib polydactyly (SRP) syndromes. In

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Scott, Alice, and Harry Mellor. "VEGF receptor trafficking in angiogenesis." Biochemical Society Transactions 37, no. 6 (2009): 1184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0371184.

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The intracellular trafficking of receptors provides a way to control the overall sensitivity of a cell to receptor stimulation. These sorting pathways are also used to shape the balance of signals that are generated in response to receptor activation. The major pro-angiogenic growth factor receptor is VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor 2). VEGFR2 activates a very similar set of signalling pathways to other RTKs (receptor tyrosine kinases); however, its intracellular trafficking is very different. Furthermore, VEGFR2 can form a complex with a range of different angiogenic regulators tha

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Davie, J. R., S. K. Samuel, V. A. Spencer, et al. "Organization of chromatin in cancer cells: role of signalling pathways." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 77, no. 4 (1999): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o99-044.

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The role of mechanical and chemical signalling pathways in the organization and function of chromatin is the subject of this review. The mechanical signalling pathway consists of the tissue matrix system that links together the three-dimensional skeletal networks, the extracellular matrix, cytoskeleton, and nuclear matrix. Intermediate filament proteins are associated with nuclear DNA, suggesting that intermediate filaments may have a role in the organization of chromatin. In human hormone-dependent breast cancer cells, the interaction between cytokeratins and chromatin is regulated by estroge

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Schöfl, C., A. Sanchez-Bueno, G. Brabant, P. H. Cobbold, and K. S. R. Cuthbertson. "Frequency and amplitude enhancement of calcium transients by cyclic AMP in hepatocytes." Biochemical Journal 273, no. 3 (1991): 799–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2730799.

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Interactions between signalling pathways such as the cyclic AMP and the Ca2+/phosphatidylinositol pathway may occur and be of major relevance in the regulation of cell function. We demonstrate here that cyclic-AMP-dependent mechanisms cause a marked increase in frequency and peak free Ca2+ of alpha 1-receptor-induced Ca2+ transients in single hepatocytes and lower the threshold for alpha 1-receptor agonists. Adrenaline at low physiological concentrations generates alpha 1-receptor-induced Ca2+ transients, which requires activation of the beta 2-receptor signalling pathway. We conclude that an

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Sirico, Marianna, Alberto D’Angelo, Caterina Gianni, Chiara Casadei, Filippo Merloni, and Ugo De Giorgi. "Current State and Future Challenges for PI3K Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy." Cancers 15, no. 3 (2023): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15030703.

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The phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (PKB/AKT)-mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) axis is a key signal transduction system that links oncogenes and multiple receptor classes which are involved in many essential cellular functions. Aberrant PI3K signalling is one of the most commonly mutated pathways in cancer. Consequently, more than 40 compounds targeting key components of this signalling network have been tested in clinical trials among various types of cancer. As the oncogenic activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway often occurs alongside mutations in other signalling

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