Relevant bibliographies by topics / Spending approach

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Spending approach'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 May 2022
Last updated: 30 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Spending approach"

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CASTLES, FRANCIS G. "What Welfare States Do: A Disaggregated Expenditure Approach." Journal of Social Policy 38, no. 1 (2009): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279408002547.

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AbstractThis article suggests that an alternative to a social rights of citizenship approach to comparing welfare states is to use disaggregated programme expenditure data to identify the diverse spending priorities of different types of welfare state. An initial descriptive analysis shows that four major categories of social spending (cash spending on older people and those of working age; service spending on health and for other purposes) are almost entirely unrelated to one another and that different welfare state regimes or families of nations exhibit quite different patterns of spending.
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Bastida, Francisco, María-Dolores Guillamón, and Bernardino Benito. "Municipal Spending in Spain: Spatial Approach." Journal of Urban Planning and Development 139, no. 2 (2013): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)up.1943-5444.0000138.

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Mueller, John, and Mark G. Stewart. "Evaluating Counterterrorism Spending." Journal of Economic Perspectives 28, no. 3 (2014): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.28.3.237.

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In this article, we present a simple back-of-the-envelope approach for evaluating whether counterterrorism security measures reduce risk sufficiently to justify their costs. The approach uses only four variables: the consequences of a successful attack, the likelihood of a successful attack, the degree to which the security measure reduces risk, and the cost of the security measure. After measuring the cost of a counterterrorism measure, we explore a range of outcomes for the costs of terrorist attacks and a range of possible estimates for how much risk might be reduced by the measure. Then wo
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Hoa, Thi Nguyen. "Economic Growth and Government Expenditure in ASEAN Countries: A Threshold Approach." International Journal of Current Science Research and Review 05, no. 05 (2022): 1637–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6575412.

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Abstract : This study examines the effect of government spending on the economic growth of ASEAN countries between 2000 and 2020, using estimates for panel data. The results show that government spending responds positively to the economic growth of ASEAN countries. Intriguingly, this study finds a threshold level for government spending that reduces economic growth if governments let it exceeds 26.82 percent of GDP. Therefore, this study recommends that ASEAN governments need to pursue targeted and rational spending policies.
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Lieberthal, Robert D. "Hedging Medical Spending Growth: An Adaptive Expectations Approach." Applied Finance and Accounting 2, no. 2 (2016): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/afa.v2i2.1595.

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Long-term health insurance provides consumers with protection against persistent, negative health shocks. While the stochastic rise in medical spending growth may make some health risks harder to insure, financial assets could act as a hedge for medical spending growth risk. The purpose of this research was to determine whether such hedges exist. The results of this study were two-fold. First, the asset classes with the strongest statistical evidence as hedges were bonds, not stocks. Second, any strategy to hedge medical spending growth involved shorting assets i.e. betting against the bond or
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Arfanita, Andi Nur Ildha, Fatmawati Fatmawati, and Sultan Suhab. "Disaggregated Approach of Regional Government Expenditure and Poverty Eradication in South Sulawesi, Indonesia." EcceS (Economics Social and Development Studies) 10, no. 1 (2023): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/ecc.v10i1.36899.

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Government spending is one of the pillars of fiscal decentralisation which plays an important role in overcoming poverty. However, many empirical studies are still being debated, especially at the regional level. Government spending can contribute to reducing poverty depending on the type of government spending. This study focuses on specific types of government spending that contribute to productivity, such as government spending on infrastructure, health, education, and social assistance. The study aims to analyze the effect of regional government expenditures on infrastructure, education, h
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Kopańska, Agnieszka. "The determinants of local public spending on culture." Central European Economic Journal 5, no. 52 (2019): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ceej-2018-0005.

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Abstract Municipalities in Poland are important makers of local cultural life. Municipalities organise and fund public cultural entities: libraries, houses of culture and so on. They decide on 70% of public spending on culture. The local spending on culture was grown in the past years. But the level of this spending varies between municipalities. The aim of this study is to find determinants of these differences. Public spending on culture is important in less-developed or peripheral regions where citizens do not have access to private cultural institutions. That is why this study focuses on r
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Lorusso, Marco, and Luca Pieroni. "Disentangling Civilian and Military Spending Shocks: A Bayesian DSGE Approach for the US Economy." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 12, no. 3 (2019): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm12030141.

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In this paper, we disentangle public spending components in order analyse their effects on the U.S. economy. Our Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Model (DSGE) model includes both civilian and military expenditures. We take into account the changes in the effects of these public spending components before and after the structural break that occurred in the U.S. economy around 1980, namely financial liberalisation. Therefore, we estimate our model with Bayesian methods for two sample periods: 1954:3–1979:2 and 1983:1–2008:2. Our results suggest that total government spending has a positive
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Park, SooKyung. "Covid19 and Revenge Spending: Text Mining Approach." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 43, no. 12 (2021): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2021.12.43.12.41.

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Mitchell, Samuel A. "Defending The U.S. Approach To Health Spending." Health Affairs 7, no. 5 (1988): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.7.5.31.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spending approach"

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Ferreira, Labiche. "Crash quality- an approach for evaluating spending on quality improvement initiatives." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2000. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/RTD/id/26041.

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University of Central Florida College of Engineering Thesis<br>The quality movement has become popular among corporations big and small for one reason: empirical evidence suggests that quality and productivity (and hence profitability) are linked. Unfortunately, while many firms accept that quality and productivity go together, few actually track the gains associated with their quality improvement programs. Companies also tend to spend on quality improvement with no indication of estimation of the impact of funding on the targeted process. It would be of great value to know: (1) the impact
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Trigg, A. "The spatial and distributional impacts of government spending : A social accounts approach." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383258.

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Lee, Tung-hao. "Optimal public debt policy under uncertainty : a new classical approach /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148726702499746.

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Яременко, Наталія Сергіївна, Наталья Сергеевна Яременко та Nataliia Serhiivna Yaremenko. "Традиційні підходи до оцінки вартості банку та можливість їх використання в Україні". Thesis, Істина, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/58928.

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Проаналізовано традиційні підходи та сучасні методи оцінки вартості банку, з точки зору можливості їх застосування в соціально-економічних умовах України в цілому, і банківській системи зокрема.<br>The article presents the analysis of traditional approaches and modern methods of the bank valuation in term of their possible using in the socio-economic conditions of Ukraine in general, and banking system in particular.
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Yang, Weonho. "Macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy." Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7629.

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The interest in the use of fiscal policy as an effective economic policy tool has been revived recently, since the global recession of 2008 hit the world. In spite of a large empirical literature, there remains substantial uncertainty about the size and even the direction of the effects of discretionary fiscal policy. This thesis seeks to investigate the macroeconomic effects of discretionary fiscal policy in the short term, highlighting several methodologies for identifying discretionary fiscal policy. In Chapters 2 and 3, we suggest a new instrument based on the narrative approach for identi
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Larsson, Rasmus, and Sebastian Haq. "The dynamics of stock market returns and macroeconomic indicators: An ARDL approach with cointegration." Thesis, KTH, Entreprenörskap och Innovation, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189993.

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Macroeconomic indicators are amongst the most important and used tools for investors as they provide an outlook for the economy and thus improve the assessment of investments e.g. for asset allocation. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the short- and long-run relationship between the US stock market index S&amp;P500 and six selected macroeconomic indicators during different time regimes during 2000-2016. The chosen indicators are Personal spending, Initial jobless claims, M1 Money supply, Building permits, Michigan Consumers Sentiment index and the ISM Manufacturing index as they me
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Kashif, Muhammad. "Application of Stochastic Optimal Control in Finance." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/77397.

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Asset allocation theory and practice has been applied to many problems of institutional investors. In this dissertation, we consider the following two problems: Abstract i) Optimal portfolio and spending rules for endowment funds. Abstract ii) Capital adequacy management for banks in the Lévy market. Abstract Part I: We investigate the role of different spending rules in a dynamic asset allocation model for an endowment fund. In particular, we derive the optimal portfolios under the consumption-wealth ratio rule (CW strategy) and the hybrid rule (hybrid strategy) and compare them with
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Szeto, Chung Leung Frankie, and 司徒頌良. "The choice between income and expenditure tax as tax base, with special reference to an public choice approach." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31954418.

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Szeto, Chung Leung Frankie. "The choice between income and expenditure tax as tax base, with special reference to an public choice approach." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13705507.

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Cole, Whitney Dawn. "How Does Campaign Spending Affect Election Outcomes? A Review and Comparative Analysis of Approaches to Endogeneity." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1240424989.

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Books on the topic "Spending approach"

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Frenkel, Jacob A. Spending, taxes, and deficits: International-intertemporal approach. International Finance Section, Dept. of Economics, Princeton University, 1988.

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Fund, International Monetary. Government spending and inflationary finance: A public finance approach. International Monetary Fund, 1988.

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Lacey, Robert. The management of public expenditures: An evolving bank approach. Office of the Vice President, Development Economics, World Bank, 1989.

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Parkland Institute. Committee on Alberta's Finances., ed. Alberta's "good enough" approach to fiscal management: A study. Parkland Institute, 2003.

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Tiyab, Beïfith Kouak. Household education spending: Approach and estimation techniques using household surveys : methodological guidelines. IIEP Pôle de Dakar, UNESCO, 2013.

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Industry, Confederation of British, ed. A Question of balance: A new approach to government spending and borrowing. Confederation of British Industry, 1997.

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Straub, Roland. Assessing the impact of a change in the composition of public spending: A DSGE approach. International Monetary Fund, Asia Pacific Dept., 2007.

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Rankin, Neil. Taxation versus spending as the fiscal instrument for demand management: A disequilibrium welfare approach. Department of Economics, Queen Mary College, University of London, 1985.

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Ivan, Tchakarov, and European Central Bank, eds. Assessing the impact of a change in the composition of public spending: A DSGE approach. European Central Bank, 2007.

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Campbell, John Y. Inspecting the mechanism: An analytical approach to the stochastic growth model. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Spending approach"

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Obrizan, Maksym, Karine Torosyan, and Norberto Pignatti. "Tobacco Spending in Georgia: Machine Learning Approach." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97885-7_11.

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DeMets, David L., and Gordon Lan. "The alpha spending function approach to interim data analyses." In Recent Advances in Clinical Trial Design and Analysis. Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2009-2_1.

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de Sousa, Maria da Conceição Sampaio, and Francisco S. Ramos. "Measuring Public Spending Efficiency in Brazilian Municipalities: A Nonparametric Approach." In Data Envelopment Analysis in the Service Sector. Deutscher Universitätsverlag, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-08343-6_12.

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Samonte, Mary Jane C., Maria Alessandra Brooks Capili, Jon Chrisvonne Y. Teguinos, and Franz Josef Perez Severino. "Analyzing Expenditures Through Data Science: A Data-Driven Approach to Tourist Spending." In Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-1210-9_40.

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Rasyid, M., and A. D. Prasetyoningtyas. "Spending on tourism in East Java with a demand system approach: Household micro data analysis." In Urbanizing the Regional Sector to Strengthen Economy and Business to Recover from Recession. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003303336-6.

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Rodríguez-García, María Jesús, Clemente J. Navarro Yáñez, and María José Guerrero-Mayo. "The Nature and the Policy Added Value of EU Integrated Urban Initiatives: Research Issues and Strategies." In EU Integrated Urban Initiatives. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20885-0_2.

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AbstractAfter reviewing the main research strategies applied to analyse urban initiatives promoted by the EU, this chapter proposes the ‘urban policy portfolio analysis’ (CUPPA) approach to perform comparative analyses at the level of local strategies. Previous exercises about EU urban initiatives have analysed their legal framework, applied the classical programme perspective (spending and other aspects) or studied specific case studies. These approaches study the urban dimension of the European Cohesion Policy or national applications as a whole or provide in-depth information about detailed
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Kurç, Çağlar. "Enabling Technology of Future Warfare: Turkey’s Approach to Defense AI." In Contributions to Security and Defence Studies. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58649-1_15.

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AbstractDefense artificial intelligence (AI) development in Turkey focuses primarily on improving the capabilities of autonomous systems, sensors, and decision support systems because Turkey believes autonomous systems are the future of modern warfare. Hence, autonomous systems, mainly uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs), have remained a priority in Turkish AI development since 2011 and have expanded to include all types of uncrewed vehicles. Increasing autonomous systems’ capability in intelligence gathering and fighting, as well as enabling swarm operations, are prioritized in developing defense
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Daggett, Cara New. "A Politics of Solar Abundance." In Solarities. punctum books, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53288/0404.1.08.

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The abolition of fossil fuels requires more than new fuels to power modern pleasures. It also requires new subjectivities. Petro-people need to become solar subjects. Becoming solar subjects, and not just consumers of solar energy, means nurturing solarity as a way of life, a geo-theology. Theology might seem an odd emphasis for energy studies, but fossil fuels have a strong cosmological dimension that helps explain their grip on modern publics. The fossil sacred is capitalist work – that which moves matter to make a profit – in a presumed world of scarcity and struggle. The fossil evil is was
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Montavon, Grégoire, Jacob Kauffmann, Wojciech Samek, and Klaus-Robert Müller. "Explaining the Predictions of Unsupervised Learning Models." In xxAI - Beyond Explainable AI. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04083-2_7.

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AbstractUnsupervised learning is a subfield of machine learning that focuses on learning the structure of data without making use of labels. This implies a different set of learning algorithms than those used for supervised learning, and consequently, also prevents a direct transposition of Explainable AI (XAI) methods from the supervised to the less studied unsupervised setting. In this chapter, we review our recently proposed ‘neuralization-propagation’ (NEON) approach for bringing XAI to workhorses of unsupervised learning such as kernel density estimation and k-means clustering. NEON first
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Lonsdale, Kate, Tim Coles, Paul O’Hare, et al. "Learning from Organisational Embedding for Climate Resilience." In Quantifying Climate Risk and Building Resilience in the UK. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39729-5_4.

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Abstract This paper describes the UK Climate Resilience Programme (UKCR) Embedded Researcher (ER) scheme, in which 13 researchers were ‘embedded’ within ‘host’ organisations to undertake a research project of mutual interest. There was considerable interest in the scheme from public, private and third sector organisations. The COVID-19 lockdowns limited the extent that ERs could physically work within their host organisation, but embedding and collaborative working was still achieved. ERs and hosts agreed that the approach enabled more fit-for-purpose outcomes than through traditional research
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Conference papers on the topic "Spending approach"

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Malyniak, Bohdan, Andriy Melnyk, Olha Kyrylenko, Andrii Derlytsia, Volodymyr Trush, and Roksolana Malyniak. "Building an Intellectualized Analytical Module for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Public Spending on Corruption Prevention using an Ontological Approach." In 2024 14th International Conference on Advanced Computer Information Technologies (ACIT). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acit62333.2024.10712535.

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S.Sangeetha, A.Latha, and Jayadev M. "Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) and Generation Z: A Machine Learning Approach to Spending Behavior and Financial Well-Being." In 2025 3rd International Conference on Advancements in Electrical, Electronics, Communication, Computing and Automation (ICAECA). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icaeca63854.2025.11012609.

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Huynh, Dat, Oluwadare Badejo, Borja Hern�ndez, and Marianthi Ierapetritou. "Multi-Stakeholder Optimization for Identification of Relevant Life Cycle Assessment Endpoint Indicators." In The 35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. PSE Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.184670.

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Endpoint indicators provide a concise representation of environmental impacts by aggregating multiple midpoint indicators into a single value. Traditional endpoint weighting systems, however, are often limited by biases introduced through panel reviews and a lack of robustness in scientific process models. Additionally, they typically fail to account for the preferences of key stakeholders, including industry, government, and the public. This work addresses these limitations by developing an endpoint indicator that incorporates stakeholder preferences and minimizes dissatisfaction. A multi-sta
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Chaplin, Ivan, Stefan Efimov, Yuri Rybalov, and Maria Safronova. "Features of the Maintenance of Engineering Structures in Russia." In IABSE Symposium, Tokyo 2025: Environmentally Friendly Technologies and Structures: Focusing on Sustainable Approaches. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2025. https://doi.org/10.2749/tokyo.2025.0698.

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&lt;p&gt;To systematize data on the structural design and technical condition of engineering structures, the staff of Siberian Bridge Research Institute (SBRI) has developed automated systems on highways and railways. Their development has been underway since the late 1980s. It was put into practice about 20 years ago. During this time, the functionality of the systems has been repeatedly improved, taking into account the introduction of modern technologies. The developed software has a wide range of features, including automated calculation of the bridge load capacity and conditions for passi
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Coman, Ecaterina, and Radu Tudorica. "LEAN SOLUTIONS IN CASE MANAGEMENT IN SOCIAL WORK." In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2024/s07/42.

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The transition to the market economy and the recalibration of budgets, financial independency and the transfer of responsibility to the local level in the management of social work budgets have caused concerns for the rational spending of money intended for these activities. We are still very far from managing these budgets fairly and efficiently, but the direction is very clear: the money will be little and must be used efficiently. The health and economic crisis that followed should lead to efficiency in the first phase and then to effectiveness and sustainability in the second. This require
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Singh, Binder, Tom Folk, Paul Jukes, Jose Garcia, Wayne Perich, and Dirk Van Oostendorp. "Engineering Pragmatic Solutions for CO2 Corrosion Problems." In CORROSION 2007. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07310.

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Abstract The offshore deepsea sector has few margins for error, subsea assets at &amp;gt;2000 ft (max≈10000 ft) depth need to engage safe, and efficient, designs which are robust and capable of withstanding extreme sea state stresses and seabed loadings under high internal pressure, and high temperature conditions (HP/HT). On top of the mechanical challenges there are immense demands from the materials and corrosion side. Unpredictable failures can cause major problems regarding HSE, personnel safety, capital investment, and public reputation, not withstanding the fact that remedial action wou
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Drab, Radovan. "DEA APPROACH TO EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC SPENDING ON TERTIARY EDUCATION." In 4th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/13/s03.027.

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Benaddi, Hafsa, Mohammed Jouhari, Khalil Ibrahimi, and Abderrahim Benslimane. "Securing IoT Transactions Against Double-Spending Attacks based on Signaling Game Approach." In GLOBECOM 2021 - 2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685598.

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Simoes, Leandro G. C., Filipe A. N. Verri, and Takashi Yoneyama. "Spending Segmentation and Outlier Detection in Brazilian Elections." In Symposium on Knowledge Discovery, Mining and Learning. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/kdmile.2020.11960.

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The political campaigns in Brazilian elections are mostly financed by public money. Every candidate has to provide detailed accountability reports to the legal authorities, which must be analyzed in a short time frame in search of eventual fraud or suspicious transactions. In this work we have compiled a real data set from 2016 Brazilian elections for all city councils in the São Paulo state and used it to propose a framework of data segmentation analysis and validation. An exploratory data analysis is performed to determine the features distribution and to define the required feature pre-proc
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Zordan, M., V. Barchi, A. Di Lorenzo, et al. "P-31 Optimisation of antiretroviral therapy through a spending review: a population-based approach." In Abstracts from the 16° Italian Conference on AIDS and Antiviral Research. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-icar-2024.152.

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Reports on the topic "Spending approach"

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Cohen, Deborah J., Annette M. Totten, Robert L. Phillips, Jr., et al. Measuring Primary Healthcare Spending. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb44.

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Background. Policy leaders and researchers have identified a range of primary care spending conceptualizations, developed frameworks and methods for measuring primary care spending, and documented the pros and cons of different approaches. However, these efforts have not been comprehensive, particularly as the number of estimates has grown. We continue this work by identifying the definitions, data sources, and approaches used to estimate primary care spending in the United States. Our objective was to identify where there is and is not consensus across methods, and how initial steps toward a
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Ear, Sothy, Sokcheng Sim, and Pirom Khiev. Cambodia Macroeconomic Impacts of Public Consumption on Education — A Computable General Equilibrium Approach. Cambodia Development Resource Institute, 2016. https://doi.org/10.64202/wp.111.201612.

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Lack of human capital is seen as one of the most significant constraints for Cambodia to be more competitive and to reach upper-middle-income country status. A recent discussion among researchers, policymakers, the private sector and development partners reached a broad consensus that a skills gap is emerging in Cambodia. In spite of concerted efforts, policymakers and bureaucrats still face challenges in designing and executing education policies that could build more human capital, especially highly skilled and educated labour. Information on the impacts of increased public education expendi
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Alonso, Pablo, Monika Huppi, Alejandro Soriano, et al. Approach Paper: Oversight Study: The Evolution of Administrative Spending in the Inter-American Development Bank. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010648.

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The Board of Executive Directors is interested in exploring ways for the IDB to continue to reduce costs and increase efficiency. As part of OVE's work program and budget discussion for 2016-17, the Board requested that OVE include in its 2016 program a review of the Bank's administrative spending, with a goal of helping the Board and management identify opportunities for cost reductions. This exercise is not meant to be an evaluation per se, but rather an activity that fits more broadly under OVE's oversight mandate. OVE's goal is to shed light on cost patterns and trends to help the Board an
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Arcia, Gustavo. Efficiency of Public Expenditures in Education and Health in Belize, 2003 - 2013. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009289.

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Fundamental to the achievement of a country's economic and social development goals is efficiency in its public spending. This study analyses the levels and trends of public spending in the education and health sectors in Belize and offers an initial approach to evaluating the efficiency of such spending, taking into consideration the performance of the main outcome indicators for both sectors. The study contributes to the existing literature by using a new database that allows a territorial approach, by documenting the disparities of spending and sectorial outcomes at a national level and amo
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Tollen, Laura, and Elizabeth Keating. A road map for action: recommendations of the Health Affairs Council on Health Care Spending and Value. Project HOPE--The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/har20230111.716232.

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The Health Affairs Council on Health Care Spending and Value was charged with recommending ways that the United States can take a deliberate approach to moderating health care spending growth while maximizing value. The council is a nonpartisan, multidisciplinary, expert working group under the leadership of cochairs William Frist and Margaret Hamburg. This, the council’s final report, accomplishes two goals: through its supporting research, it synthesizes literature about how much the US spends on health care, the value of that spending, and the likely impact of various interventions; and it
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Aref-Adib, Camron, Emily Fry, and Zachary Leather. At your service? Why the 2025 Spending Review must reckon with the distribution of public service use. The Resolution Foundation, 2025. https://doi.org/10.63492/zvyn2275.

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Post-Covid, the British state is estimated to have reached a historic high of 45 per cent of the size of the economy. Past strategies to cope with increasing pressure on public services such as cutting defence to help fund growing health and welfare spending, and cuts to ‘unprotected’ public services after the financial crisis, have run out of road. Against this challenging context, the upcoming Spending Review provides an opportunity to focus on the living standards of lower-income families, following an Autumn Budget and Spring Statement that lowered the disposable incomes of poorer families
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Corpus, John Paul, and Margarita Debuque-Gonzales. Quantifying the Short-Run Macroeconomic Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Macroeconometric Approach. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.62986/dp2023.42.

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While the COVID-19 pandemic’s effects on the Philippine economy have been widely chronicled, there has not been an effort at an ex-post quantification of the pandemic’s impacts using counterfactual analysis. This paper aims to fill this gap. Using a modified version of the PIDS small macroeconometric model, forecasts for 2020 and 2021 are generated to serve as counterfactual paths of key economic indicators in the pandemic’s absence. The gap between the actual and counterfactual trajectories is interpreted as comprising the pandemic’s impact. The impact estimates lend further evidence to the p
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Filmer, Deon, Vatsal Nahata, and Shwetlena Sabarwal. Preparation, Practice, and Beliefs: A Machine Learning Approach to Understanding Teacher Effectiveness. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2021/084.

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This paper uses machine learning methods to identify key predictors of teacher effectiveness, proxied by student learning gains linked to a teacher over an academic year. Conditional inference forests and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator are applied to matched student-teacher data for Math and Kiswahili from Grades 2 and 3 in 392 schools across Tanzania. These two machine learning methods produce consistent results and outperform standard ordinary least squares in out-of-sample prediction by 14-24 percent. As in previous research, commonly used teacher covariates like teache
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Ayala-García, Jhorland. Natural disasters, emergency declaration, and corruption. Banco de la República, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/dtseru.325.

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Corruption is generally understood as taking advantage of public power for private benefit. This paper evaluates the relationship between emergency declarations for natural disasters and corruption. We use information from Colombia between 2012 and 2022 and an instrumental variable approach. We take advantage of the exogeneity of the frequency of natural disasters to city level unobservable characteristics to construct our instrument. Since emergency declarations increase the discretion of local officials towards public spending, it is expected to see a rise in corruption. Our findings show a
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Chhim, Chhun, Kimsun Tong, Ge Yu, Timothy Ensor, and Barbara McPake. Catastrophic Payments and Poverty in Cambodia: Evidence from Cambodia Socio-Economic Surveys 2004, 2007, 2009, 2010 and 2011. Cambodia Development Resource Institute, 2015. https://doi.org/10.64202/wp.103.201506.

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This paper estimates the incidence and intensity of catastrophic health payments and their impoverishment effects and identifies the sources of catastrophic payments by using the nationally representative household survey, the Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey conducted in 2004, 2007, 2009, 2010 and 2011 by the National Institute of Statistics. We find that the proportion of households with out-of-pocket health spending exceeding the 10 percent threshold (the incidence of catastrophic payments) declined from 12.3 percent in 2004 to 9.2 percent in 2011, and the amount of out-of-pocket health spend
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