Academic literature on the topic 'Th1/Th2 response'

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Journal articles on the topic "Th1/Th2 response"

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Dechene, Lucy. "TH1/TH2 immune response." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 110, no. 3 (2002): 539–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mai.2002.127436.

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Desmedt, Marjory, Pieter Rottiers, Hans Dooms, Walter Fiers, and Johan Grooten. "Macrophages Induce Cellular Immunity by Activating Th1 Cell Responses and Suppressing Th2 Cell Responses." Journal of Immunology 160, no. 11 (1998): 5300–5308. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.160.11.5300.

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Abstract Differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells (Th0) into Th1 or Th2 cells determines whether antigen will raise a cellular or a humoral immune response. The maturation pathway chosen by the Th0 cell is often decisive for the outcome of disease and depends among others on the (co-)stimulatory attributes of the APC and the nature and abundance of cytokines provided by the APC and the microenvironment. In this study, we used macrophages, loaded ex vivo with antigen, for inciting Th0 activation and differentiation in vivo. The macrophages were derived from a clonal, immortalized population that b
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Liu, Yingru, та Michael Russell. "Promotion of Th1/Th2 immunity with anti-TGF-β treatment protects mice against Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection and induces immune memory (40.22)". Journal of Immunology 184, № 1_Supplement (2010): 40.22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.40.22.

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Abstract Infection with N. gonorrhoeae triggers an intense inflammatory response characterized by an influx of neutrophils, yet natural infection does not induce effective specific immunity or immune memory. Our previous studies have demonstrated in a murine model of vaginal gonococcal infection that innate immunity governed by Th17 cells was the mainstay of the immune responses elicited by this pathogen. Herein we show in vitro that N. gonorrhoeae could specifically inhibit Th1 and Th2 responses of mouse CD4 T cells, but enhance Th17 response. We found that N. gonorrhoeae increased production
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Miner, Kent T., та Michael Croft. "Generation, Persistence, and Modulation of Th0 Effector Cells: Role of Autocrine IL-4 and IFN-γ". Journal of Immunology 160, № 11 (1998): 5280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.160.11.5280.

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Abstract Many studies have classified CD4 responses into either Th1-like or Th2-like, based on cytokine secretion profiles, but little significance has been placed on Th0 cells. This has largely resulted from studies that suggested that Th0 populations primarily comprise individual Th1 and Th2 cells. Here, we show that priming of Ag-specific naive CD4 cells with moderate dose IL-4 generates a Th0 population that is evident after 3 days in vitro and becomes prevalent after successive encounters with Ag over a 9-day period. By intracellular cytokine staining, the majority (>60%) of effect
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Groux, H., T. Sornasse, F. Cottrez, et al. "Induction of human T helper cell type 1 differentiation results in loss of IFN-gamma receptor beta-chain expression." Journal of Immunology 158, no. 12 (1997): 5627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.158.12.5627.

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Abstract Differential expression of cytokine receptors accounts for an important regulatory mechanism in differentiation of Th1/Th2 subsets. Here, we report that human Th0 and Th2 clones constitutively express transcripts for the IFN-gammaR beta-chain, whereas mRNA for this signaling component of the IFN-gamma receptor is absent in Th1 clones. Activation of T cell clones, however, resulted in a transient induction or enhancement of IFN-gammaR beta-chain mRNA expression in Th1 clones and Th0/Th2 clones, respectively. IL-12-mediated Th1 cell differentiation of naive CD4+, CD45RA+ cord blood T ce
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Jeannin, P., Y. Delneste, M. Seveso, P. Life, and J. Y. Bonnefoy. "IL-12 synergizes with IL-2 and other stimuli in inducing IL-10 production by human T cells." Journal of Immunology 156, no. 9 (1996): 3159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.156.9.3159.

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Abstract IL-12, a potent inducer of IFN-gamma production by T cells and NK cells, has been recently reported to exacerbate an established Th2 response in vivo. However, the effect of IL-12 on Th2-lymphokine production remains unclear. Since IL-10 is a lymphokine associated with Th2 responses which decreases both IL-12-induced IFN-gamma production and IL-12 production by macrophages, we have analyzed here, in an APC-free system, the ability of IL-12 to modulate the production of human IL-10 by established Th0, Th1, and Th2 T cell clones (TCC), T cell lines, and purified peripheral blood T cells
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Ismail, Nahed, and Peter A. Bretscher. "The Th1/Th2 Nature of Concurrent Immune Responses to Unrelated Antigens Can Be Independent." Journal of Immunology 163, no. 9 (1999): 4842–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.163.9.4842.

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Abstract We tested the independence hypothesis, namely that the Th1/Th2 nature of concurrent immune responses, generated in the same secondary lymphoid organ to non-cross-reacting Ags, can be independently determined. Some infectious agents and some adjuvants contain modulatory molecules that affect the Th1/Th2 nature of immune responses in a non-Ag-specific manner. We therefore excluded infectious agents as Ags and the use of adjuvants to generate immune responses. We first show that the dose of xenogeneic RBC administered i.v. determines the Th1/Th2 nature of the splenic immune response. Low
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Vitkina, T. I., T. P. Novgorodtseva, E. P. Kalinina, E. G. Lobanova, and M. V. Antonyuk. "IMMUNE MECHANISMS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF CONTROLLED AND PARTIALLY CONTROLLED ASTHMA." Medical Immunology (Russia) 21, no. 3 (2019): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-2019-3-495-502.

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Despite a significant amount of works specifying immune mechanisms of bronchial asthma (BA), different phenotypes observed in this pathology need to be studied. The aim of present study was to analyze functional activity of Th1, Th2 и Th17 lymphocytes, and to determine features of inflammation in controlled and partly controlled asthma.We examined eighty-four BA patients that were divided into 2 groups, depending on the control of symptoms and the clinical course of BA. Group I included 45 patients with controlled BA, whereas group II included 39 patients with partially controlled asthma. The
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Gajewski, T. F., D. W. Lancki, R. Stack, and F. W. Fitch. ""Anergy" of TH0 helper T lymphocytes induces downregulation of TH1 characteristics and a transition to a TH2-like phenotype." Journal of Experimental Medicine 179, no. 2 (1994): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.179.2.481.

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Mature CD4+ helper T lymphocytes have been categorized into two major functional phenotypes, TH1 and TH2, which produce distinct arrays of lymphokines and which are thought to arise from a pluripotential precursor cell termed TH0. Clonal anergy can be induced in TH1 clones by stimulating via the T cell receptor (TCR) complex in the absence of a costimulator molecule; however, anergy has been difficult to demonstrate in TH2 clones. We show here that treatment of cloned TH0 lines with anergizing stimuli results in the selective loss of TH1 characteristics and retention of a TH2 phenotype. Treate
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Adair, Patrick, Yongchan Kim, Kathleen Pratt, and David Scott. "Engineered FVIII-specific human CD4 T cells: does TCR avidity modulate T-helper phenotypes? (IRC7P.425)." Journal of Immunology 194, no. 1_Supplement (2015): 128.6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.128.6.

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Abstract We recently demonstrated that expanded human CD4 T cells can be transduced to express TCRs specific for a given epitope. These cells proliferate and secrete cytokines in response to their cognate peptide/MHC. Herein, we examined whether TCR- transduced cells could be skewed to different T-helper subsets, or alternatively if previously skewed T cells could be modulated after transduction. Two HLA DR1-restricted TCRs were cloned from Th2 and Th17/Th1-type CD4+ T-cell clones specific for a coagulation factor VIII peptide (pC2). Engineered CD4+ T cells expressing these TCRs exhibited diff
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Th1/Th2 response"

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Gold, Wendy Anne Clinical School St Vincent's Hospital Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Characterisation of inflammatory markers and the Th1/Th2 response in localized scleroderma." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Clinical School - St Vincent's Hospital, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41534.

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Scleroderma is a chronic autoimmune connective tissue disease of unknown etiology characterized by excessive fibrosis and is broadly divided into two clinical entities: localized scleroderma (LSc) and systemic sclerosis (SSc). SSc is a multi-system disease resulting in both skin and visceral organ fibrosis. The more benign disorder, LSc is for the most part self-limited with the disease pathology being confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissues. Proposed factors involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders include endothelial cell injury and dysfunction, immunological alterations and inf
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Kumar, Ramesh Kumar al Athi. "Association of angiogenesis with the host Th1/Th2 immune response in brain tumours." Thesis, University of Hull, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421208.

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Szymczak, Wendy A. "The Role Of Chemokines and Dendritic Cells In Regulation of IL-4 and Fungal Immunity." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1266607502.

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Ismail, Nahed. "Analysis of the decision criterion controlling the Th1/Th2 nature of a primary immune response." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ63879.pdf.

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Alabi, Andrew. "The association between psychosocial factors, angiogenesis & host Th1/Th2 immune response in patients with colorectal cancer." Thesis, University of Hull, 2013. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:8006.

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Tumour angiogenesis is a critical step in the growth, metastatic spread and re-growth of colorectal cancer (CRC). VEGF-­A is one of the most studied angiogenic agents. A significant degree of the morbidity and mortality associated with colorectal cancer is related to the degree of tumour vascularity. As a consequence, considerable research has been undertaken in trying to understand the mechanisms involved in tumour associated angiogenesis and capillary permeability. A second important facet of cancer outcome is the host immune response against the tumour. The Th1/Th2 cytokine profile plays an
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Carvalho, Francilene Capel Tavares de. "Perfil de citocinas do padrão Th1, Th2, Th17 e o estado redox de indivíduos com leishmaniose visceral pré e pós tratamento." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136436.

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Orientador: Sueli Aparecida Calvi<br>Coorientador: Lucilene Delazari dos Santos<br>Resumo: A leishmaniose visceral (LV) é causada pelos protozoários intracelulares obrigatórios pertencentes ao complexo Leishamania donovani (L.donovani). O sucesso na cura da LV depende principalmente do estado imunitário do hospedeiro em combinação com os efeitos das drogas leishmanicidas. Nesse sentido, a resistência do hospedeiro a leishmaniose está associada à produção de citocinas envolvidas na indução e efetuação de uma resposta do tipo Th1, como IL-12, IFN-γ e TNF-α. Essa resposta culmina na ativação de m
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Carvalho, Francilene Capel Tavares de [UNESP]. "Perfil de citocinas do padrão Th1, Th2, Th17 e o estado redox de indivíduos com leishmaniose visceral pré e pós tratamento." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136436.

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Submitted by FRANCILENE CAPEL TAVARES DE CARVALHO null (francilene_capel@hotmail.com) on 2016-03-29T14:29:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO Francilene 2016.pdf: 1750315 bytes, checksum: 9561f4059507d40b1854398a6ede9620 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-03-29T17:14:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carvalho_fct_me_bot.pdf: 1750315 bytes, checksum: 9561f4059507d40b1854398a6ede9620 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-29T17:14:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carvalho_fct_me_bot.pdf: 1750315 bytes, checksum: 9561f40595
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Guimarães, João Agripino 1972. "Análise da polarização da resposta imunológica TH1 e TH2 em mulheres com infertilidade inexplicada e mulheres inférteis com endometriose = Polarization of TH1 and TH2 immune response analysis in women with unexplained infertility and infertity with endometriosis." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309005.

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Orientador: Egle Cristina Couto de Carvalho<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T11:06:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guimaraes_JoaoAgripino_M.pdf: 1627287 bytes, checksum: b5aedfb0c0a3b2d807c0d3324ae57317 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012<br>Resumo: Contexto e objetivo: Alterações imunológicas podem estar associadas à infertilidade e endometriose. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se, na infertilidade inexplicada e na infertilidade associada à endometriose, ocorre polarização da resposta imuno
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Stertman, Linda. "Starch Microparticles as an Oral Vaccine Adjuvant with Emphasis on the Differentiation of the Immune Response." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ-.bibl. [distributör], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4680.

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Santos, Bruna Rafaela Martins dos. "An?lise imuno-histoqu?mica de prote?nas relacionadas ?s respostas Th1, Th2 e Th17 na doen?a periodontal." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18670.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T15:38:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunaRMS_TESE.pdf: 1789056 bytes, checksum: 3971348cc480ce2ec7b8b377a649483e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-17<br>Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior<br>Periodontal disease is an inflammatory condition of infectious nature characterized by destruction of protecting and supporting dental tissues. It happens as a response produced by the host when attacked by microorganisms. Several factors are involved in this process. Among them, cytokines are key regulatory molecules in this immune
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Books on the topic "Th1/Th2 response"

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Romagnani, S. The Th1/Th2 paradigm in disease. Springer, 1997.

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Cuffe, Leonie M. Effect of moderate exercise induced stress on the Th1 (Interferon-gamma) and Th2 (Interleukin-4) cytokine subset response. University of Surrey Roehampton, 2001.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Modulation of bone remodeling via mechanically activated ion channels: Grant: NASA NAG 2-791 & NAG 2-1049, final technical report covering the period from May 1, 1992 - December 31, 1994. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Modulation of bone remodeling via mechanically activated ion channels: Grant: NASA NAG 2-791 & NAG 2-1049, final technical report covering the period from May 1, 1992 - December 31, 1994. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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United States. Dept. of Justice, ed. Mental illness: Police response. U.S. Dept. of Justice], 1998.

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United States. Dept. of Justice., ed. Mental illness: Police response. U.S. Dept. of Justice], 1998.

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Guard, Canadian Coast, ed. Marine oil pollution response. Canadian Coast Guard, 1989.

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Left, Democratic. Framework responses: Democratic Left responses to the Framework for Agreement. Democratic Left, 1995.

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International, ASIS. Workplace violence prevention and response guideline. ASIS International, 2005.

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Party, Ulster Unionist. Response to "Frameworks for the Future". Ulster Unionist Party, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Th1/Th2 response"

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Kilgus, O., K. Hönemann, U. Arndts, U. Reinhold, G. Stingl, and J. Ring. "TH1 and TH2 Response in Eczema." In New Trends in Allergy IV. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60419-5_34.

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Liu, M. F., Q. Ning, M. Pope, et al. "Resistance of Naive Mice to Murine Hepatitis Virus Strain 3 Requires Development of a Th1, but not a Th2, Response, Whereas Pre-Existing Antibody Partially Protects Against Primary Infection." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5331-1_52.

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Tam, Suki Siuki, Lawrence Hoc Nang Fong, and Rob Law. "Management Response to Online Review: The Case of Hong Kong Luxury Hotels." In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2022. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94751-4_12.

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AbstractElectronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) is regarded as crucial in business development. Given the intangible nature of tourism and hospitality products, potential customers find it hard to assess them before making purchase. Accordingly, online customer reviews and management responses have influential roles in their decision-making process. While a plethora of previous research focused on customer reviews, scholarly attention on how luxury hotels respond to the reviews was scant. Using content analysis, this study examines the management response characteristics of 35 luxury hotels and respon
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Kato, Masako. "Vapochromic Soft Crystals Constructed with Metal Complexes." In The Materials Research Society Series. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0260-6_4.

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AbstractVapochromism, a phenomenon in which the color or luminescence color of a substance changes in response to gaseous molecules, has potential for developing sensor materials to detect harmful substances in the environment. In addition, vapochromism is scientifically interesting for the direct visualization of interactions between gases and solids. The crystals of metal complexes involve diverse and flexible electronic interactions, such as metal–metal and metal–ligand interactions. It is expected that slight structural changes in such crystals will lead to distinct color or emission color
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Roth, Jeffrey C. "Care for the Caregiver: In the Eye of the Storm." In School Crisis Response, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003315209-22.

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Schönbach, Christian. "Th1 Response." In Encyclopedia of Systems Biology. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9863-7_749.

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Schönbach, Christian. "Th2 Response." In Encyclopedia of Systems Biology. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9863-7_750.

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Yuval-Davis, Nira. "A Dialogical Conversation: A Response to the Responses." In The Palgrave Handbook of Gender and Development. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-38273-3_29.

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Hachtmann, Frauke. "The State of the Advertising Industry in the Context of Crises." In Crisis Response Advertising. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003316879-2.

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Johnson, Christopher W. "Complexity, Structured Chaos and the Importance of Information Management for Mobile Computing in the UK Floods of 2007." In Mobile Response. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00440-7_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Th1/Th2 response"

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Wang, Yikun, Rui Zheng, Haoming Li, Qi Zhang, Tao Gui, and Fei Liu. "Rescue: Ranking LLM Responses with Partial Ordering to Improve Response Generation." In Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 4: Student Research Workshop). Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.acl-srw.32.

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Chen, Yu-Chen, Hsu-Hsiang Cheng, Ming-Ching Cheng, Zih-Song Hu, and Weileun Fang. "Monolithic Integration of Audio Filters for Frequency Response and THD Modulation in MEMS Microspeaker." In 2024 IEEE SENSORS. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/sensors60989.2024.10785014.

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Candelaria, P., G. Zhang, S. Khoo, et al. "Natural Selection and the Immune Response: The Role of Ancestral Climate on the Adaptation of Th1-Th2 Immunity in Modern Humans." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a2747.

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Hardy-Werbin, Max, Pedro Rocha, Oriol Arpí, et al. "Abstract LB-143: Th1/Th2 and inflammatory cytokines as biomarkers of response to ipilimumab in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2018; April 14-18, 2018; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-lb-143.

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Murdock, Benjamin J., Rod A. McDonald, Galen B. Toews, Gary B. Huffnagle, and John J. Osterholzer. "IL-17A Promotes Pulmonary DC And Macrophage Accumulation During The Transition From Th2 To Th1/Th17 Responses Following Repetitive Challenge With Aspergillus Fumigatus." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a4409.

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Hua, Xiaoyang, Kelly Chason, J. Y. Patel, and Stephen L. Tilley. "Th2 Milieu Amplifies The Response Of Human Mast Cells To Adenosine." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a4362.

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Bowman, Emily R., Dina Schneider, Deepti R. Nagarkar, and Marc B. Hershenson. "Th2 Cytokines Alter The Response Of Lung Macrophages To RV Infection." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a4227.

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Gour, Naina, Ian Lewkowich, Krista Dienger, Alyssa Sproles, and Marsha Wills-Karp. "Carbohydrates In Dust Mite Allergen Modulate Th2 Immune Responses." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a2789.

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Sperling, Anne I., Bryan Clay, Claudia Alves de Araujo, et al. "IRF4 Expression In Dendritic Cells Regulates Th2 Immune Responses." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a3799.

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Tomomatsu, Katsuyoshi, Tsuyoshi Oguma, Shizuko Kagawa, et al. "Th2-Type Innate Immune Response In The Airways Induced By Aspergillus Extracts." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a2864.

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Reports on the topic "Th1/Th2 response"

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Vijayasingham, Lavanya, George Atiim, Fatima Ghani, et al. UNU-IIGH Gender scan of UNDP HIV, TB and malaria programmes funded by the Global Fund to fight AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. United Nations University (UNU IIGH) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37941/rr/2020/1.

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In 2019, UNDP commissioned a review to assess the gender-responsiveness of its current portfolio of programmes funded by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund). The objectives of the review were to analyse the implementation of gender-responsive activities, identify gaps in the response and capture key implementation successes and challenges. The aim was also to recommend strategies and interventions that will help UNDP in its support to national entities and partners at country level to prioritize gender-responsive programmes in the context of national HIV, tube
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Manlutac, Janice Ian. Funding the Frontline: How an Oxfam Emergency Response Fund facilitated local humanitarian action. Oxfam, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7451.

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From 2014 to 2020 Oxfam embedded an Emergency Response Fund (ERF) in its multiyear disaster risk reduction programs in Asia-Pacific and Central America. The Oxfam ERF was designed as a flexible funding mechanism to prioritize small-scale, under-the-radar, and forgotten emergencies and help local actors respond to and mitigate the impacts of disasters in their communities. ERF grants totaling US$1.9 million were disbursed and supported 24 small-scale responses led by 15 local organizations in nine countries. The ERF, through the support of a donor who values local leadership, helped local actor
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Bolton, Laura. Synthesis of Work by the Covid Collective. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/cc.2022.001.

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Overview: This report looked across Covid Collective outputs and grouped findings into three sections. Section 2) Pandemic response; Section 3) Increased marginalisation; and Section 4) Emergent outcomes. Section 4 describes outcomes, both positive and negative, which evolved and were more unpredictable in nature. Pandemic response: Findings on national response highlight shortfalls in national government actions in Bangladesh, Malawi, the Philippines, Yemen, and Syria. Emergency law responses have, in some cases, led states to exert powers with no legal basis. In transitioning economies, stat
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Heifetz, Yael, and Michael Bender. Success and failure in insect fertilization and reproduction - the role of the female accessory glands. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695586.bard.

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The research problem. Understanding of insect reproduction has been critical to the design of insect pest control strategies including disruptions of mate-finding, courtship and sperm transfer by male insects. It is well known that males transfer proteins to females during mating that profoundly affect female reproductive physiology, but little is known about the molecular basis of female mating response and no attempts have yet been made to interfere with female post-mating responses that directly bear on the efficacy of fertilization. The female reproductive tract provides a crucial environm
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Riggs, Lynn, Dean R. Hyslop, and David C. Maré. Estimating the impact of the Families Package changes in financial incentives. Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29310/wp.2022.06.

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In this paper we analyse behavioural responses to changes in financial incentives associated with the 2018 Families Package. For this analysis, we followed the methods pioneered by Saez (2010) and Chetty et al. (2013), which use bunching around kink points in the income schedule to estimate the degree of behavioural response. In general, the role of financial incentives in labour supply behaviour has been the subject of investigation for many decades, and although there is considerable concern about adverse labour supply responses to increased generosity of benefits, the available evidence on
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Westwood, James H., Yaakov Tadmor, and Hanan Eizenberg. Identifying the genes involved in host root perception by root parasitic weeds: Genetic and transcriptomic analysis of Orobanche hybrids differing in signal response specificity. United States Department of Agriculture, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598145.bard.

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Seeds of the root parasitic plants of the genus Orobanchegerminate specifically in response to host-derived germination signals, which enables parasites to detect and attack preferred hosts. The best characterized class of germination stimulants is the strigolactones (SL), although some species respond to sesquiterpene lactones such as dehydrocostuslactone (DCL). Despite great progress in characterizing the SL signaling system in plants, the mechanism(s) by which parasite species detect specific compounds remains poorly understood. The goal of our project was to identify and characterize the g
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Tebaldi, Raquel. Social Protection and Climate Disasters: Brazil’s Responses to the 2024 Rio Grande do Sul Floods. UNU-MERIT, 2025. https://doi.org/10.53330/ezrm5332.

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The 2024 floods in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, prompted the largest and fastest response to an extreme weather event in the country’s history. Brazil is a compelling case for analysing shock-responsive and climate-adaptive social protection because of its high level of decentralisation and significant maturity of its social protection system. Brazil is also highly susceptible to climate risks, and as climate change intensifies, bringing more frequent and severe weather events, strengthening the resilience of social protection systems becomes increasingly vital. This case study exam
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Saha, Amrita, Evert-Jan Quak, and Marco Carreras. An Assessment of the Impact of COVID-19 Responses on MSMEs in the Informal Sector: Evidence from Commonwealth Countries in Africa. Commonwealth Secretariat, 2020. https://doi.org/10.14217/comsec.731.

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This paper summarises current policy responses and groups them into five key areas: health and safety measures; welfare support; responses on taxes and fees; finance and credit measures; and structural policies. It then proposes a simple COVID-19 Response for Informal Sector (CRIS) Index that combines information on four indicators (breadth, access, cover and adequacy) for each policy area, based on announced measures, as well as the existing scenario in-country, allowing for systematic comparisons across the countries. Finally, it recommends a combination of short-term responses and medium- t
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Gault, Paul T. Enhancing Domestic Response: The Implementation of the Homeland Response Force. Defense Technical Information Center, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada547309.

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Rebucci, Alessandro, Joong Shik Kang, and Alessandro Prati. Aid, Exports, and Growth: A Time-Series Perspective on the Dutch Disease Hypothesis. Inter-American Development Bank, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010989.

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The available evidence on the effects of aid on growth is notoriously mixed. We use a novel empirical methodology, a heterogeneous panel vector-autoregression model identified through factor analysis, to study the dynamic response of exports, imports, and per capita GDP growth to a "global" aid shock (the common component of individual country aid-to-GDP ratios). We find that the estimated cumulative resposive of exports and per capita GDP growth to a global aid shock are strongly positively correlated, and both responses are inversely related to exchange rate overvaluation measures. We interp
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