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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Trade of pharmaceuticals

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Academic literature on the topic 'Trade of pharmaceuticals'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Trade of pharmaceuticals"

1

Hollis, Aidan, and Peter Ibbott. "How Parallel Trade Affects Drug Policies and Prices in Canada and the United States." American Journal of Law & Medicine 32, no. 2-3 (2006): 193–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885880603200204.

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U.S. consumers and Canadian pharmacies have rushed to take advantage of the opportunity presented by price differences in patented pharmaceuticals. This rapidly growing parallel trade has brought the Canadian and U.S. systems for determining pharmaceutical pricing under increased scrutiny, and the pressure for change seems to be building. This paper examines why parallel trade in pharmaceuticals has grown and considers some of the policy options confronting both countries.To do this we begin by identifying similarities and differences in the Canadian and U.S. regulatory frameworks governing tr

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Grigoriadis, Lazaros G. "The Application of EU Competition Law in the Pharmaceutical Sector: The Case of Parallel Trade." European Business Law Review 25, Issue 1 (2014): 141–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2014004.

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Parallel trade traditionally enjoys a significant protection from European Institutions, in the belief that it fosters competition and encourages trade. However, pharmaceutical companies claim that this form of competition undermines their incentive to innovate and threatens the competitiveness of the European pharmaceutical sector. This Article analyses a) the arguments put forward in favour of and against the freedom of the parallel trade of pharmaceuticals between the EU Member States and b) the case-law relating to the parallel trade of pharmaceuticals developed by the EU courts and, more

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Hoque, Ariful, and Subhrabaran Das. "An Analysis of India-SAARC Trade in Pharmaceuticals with Special Emphasis on the COVID-19 Pandemic." Vidyasagar University Journal of Economics XXVIII, no. 00 (2024): 118–36. https://doi.org/10.62424/vuje.2024.28.00.09.

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This study attempts to explore the prospects of India’s pharmaceutical trading relationship with other South Asian nations in the light of some select trade indexes. To this end, the study makes use of secondary data retrieved from the UN Comtrade database for a period of 15 years from 2007 to 2021. An analysis of the trade intensity index brings out that India has an intense pharmaceutical trade relationship with Nepal and Sri Lanka, suggesting the possibility of future integration. However, India’s pharmaceutical trade is found to be lesser than expected with respect to Bangladesh and Pakist

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Smith, Richard D., Carlos Correa, and Cecilia Oh. "Trade, TRIPS, and pharmaceuticals." Lancet 373, no. 9664 (2009): 684–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61779-1.

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Curti, Andrea M. "The WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding: An Unlikely Weapon in the Fight Against AIDS." American Journal of Law & Medicine 27, no. 4 (2001): 469–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800008224.

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One of the most controversial aspects of the World Trade Organization (WTO) is its trade policy governing pharmaceutical products that treat AIDS and other diseases. Critics contend that the WTO unreasonably restricts the trade of pharmaceuticals in order to protect the profit margin of western drug producers at the expense of infected populations in developing countries. Supporters of the WTO's trade policy argue that protecting the intellectual property (IP) rights of pharmaceutical products is essential to providing an incentive for further drug research and development.

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Granlund, David, and Miyase Yesim Köksal-Ayhan. "EU Enlargement, Parallel Trade and Price Competition in Pharmaceuticals: Has the Price Competition increased?" B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 16, no. 2 (2016): 1069–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2015-0127.

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Abstract Given the cost of trade and availability of pharmaceuticals, the driving force for parallel trade is the price difference between the source (exporting) and the destination (importing) country. An increase in the price difference or in the availability of pharmaceuticals for parallel trade should increase price competition in the destination country. Using 2003–2007 data from Sweden we investigated whether EU enlargement in 2004, when new countries with low pharmaceutical prices joined the EU, increased competition from parallel imports. Drugs facing competition from parallel imports

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Klochko, O. A., and A. V. Chugunova. "Impact of Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions on the Development of Chinese Pharmaceutical Exports and Imports." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 12, no. 6 (2019): 170–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2019-12-6-8.

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The article is devoted to the research into the impact of cross-border mergers and acquisitions, conducted by international pharmaceutical companies in China, on Chinese participation in international pharmaceutical trade. Relevance of the study resides in the importance of mergers and acquisitions as instruments that are widely used in a foreign markets penetration process and that lead to the enhancement of intercorporate trade, thus significantly influencing country’s foreign trade. International pharmaceutical companies expanded their operations in Chinese market during the last two decade

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Kran, Klaus. "Internationalization of the Japanese Pharmaceutical Regulations and Environment." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 2, no. 4 (1986): 691–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300003536.

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The intensity with which the United States and the European Community (EC) are reviewing their trade difficulties with Japan makes examination of the Japanese pharmaceutical regulatory environment particularly appropriate at this time. One of the four topics identified for focused discussion between the U.S. and Japanese governments in last year's Market Oriented Sector Selective (MOSS) talks was pharmaceuticals, a $13 billion industry (at 1985 exchange rates), in which Japan is the world's second largest market for pharmaceuticals.

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Dolle, Tobias, and Paolo R. Vergano. "Free Trade Agreements and Regulatory Change: Examples from the Generic and Biosimilar Sectors." Journal of World Trade 51, Issue 2 (2017): 205–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2017009.

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Comprehensive free trade agreements (FTAs) have increasing importance and impact on domestic legislation and significantly affect regulated industries, such as pharmaceuticals. Recent FTAs include provisions on regulatory cooperation and convergence, as well as intellectual property provisions going well beyond the scope of the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs). These rules have particular importance for the generic and biosimilar medicines’ sectors and have important links to public health objectives. A growing number of sectors are covered by the

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Sarkar, Sukanta. "Trade Environments between India and Countries of the Caucasus Region: Challenges and Government Initiatives." Journal of Global Economy 21, no. 1 (2025): 49–58. https://doi.org/10.1956/jge.v21i1.747.

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The paper discussed trade environments between India and countries of the Caucasus region. It has found that India has trade surplus over Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. International relations between Armenia and India are described as friendly. Both countries have good relations in the fields of business, culture, military and technology. Bilateral trade has grown in recent years but its capacity remains low. Trade relations between India and Azerbaijan continue to grow. India is Azerbaijan's seventh largest trading partner. India has a well-established pharmaceutical industry in Azerbaijan

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Trade of pharmaceuticals"

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Bohlund, Mark. "The Price Effects of Differential Pricing and Parallel Trade in Pharmaceuticals." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5980.

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Sweet, Cassandra Mehlig. "The political economy of South-South trade : Indian pharmaceuticals in Brazil." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611233.

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Desogus, Claudia <1980&gt. "Competition and Innovation in the EU Regulation of Pharmaceuticals: The Case of Parallel Trade." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3116/1/Claudia_Desogus_Competition_and_Innovation_in_the_Pharmaceutical_Sector.pdf.

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Desogus, Claudia <1980&gt. "Competition and Innovation in the EU Regulation of Pharmaceuticals: The Case of Parallel Trade." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3116/.

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Hong, Tzay-Pyng. "International patent regime for pharmaceuticals from the Paris Convention to the TRIPS Agreement." Thesis, University of Hull, 2000. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:4446.

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Intellectual property protection (IPP) attained its importance in recent years because of the steady increase of intellectual property-endowed goods and technology in global trade. Technology producers, among them multilateral pharmaceutical companies (MPCs) felt that the Paris Convention (the Convention) was not adequate in dealing with trade related issues, and that an agreement was needed to integrate the subject of IPP; especially patent protection for pharmaceuticals, into the broader context of global trade law. The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (the

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Wilkman, Mats. "Determinants of Swedish Pharmaceutical Exports." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-19325.

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In this thesis factors that explain Swedish pharmaceutical export as been analyzed. The period investigated is from 1995 to 2010. The investigation is concluded through the use of a gravity model. It investigates not only the GDP and distance variable but also the effects of GDP/capita, exchange rates and the effect of being a part of the internal market of EU. The effects of having access to the ocean and if the country has English as its official language is investigated as well as the effect of sharing the same religion. The results show that only a smaller subset of countries make up for m

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Fazel, Robin. "Enforcing Competition in the Pharmaceutical Sector : - A Multi-Perspective Analysis of Restrictions on Parallel Trade with Pharmaceutical Products." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-379628.

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Birg, Laura [Verfasser]. "Parallel Trade of Pharmaceuticals. Conflicts in Health Policy Objectives and Regulatory Externalities in the EU Internal Market / Laura Birg." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1024884678/34.

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Santos, José Manuel Novais de Magalhães. "A competitividade das exportações da indústria farmacêutica portuguesa." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3423.

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Mestrado em Gestão/MBA<br>A evolução global da humanidade, tanto a nivel social como económico, coloca um imenso desafio e exige um grande progresso à indústria farmacêutica, responsável por desenvolver, produzir e comercializar medicamentos. A evolução social impõe novos padrões de actuação, pelo impacte que o medicamento tem no bem-estar da humanidade, seja na prevenção, seja no tratamento da doença; a globalização económica exige à indústria farmacêutica um crescente aperfeiçoamento empresarial, em domínios que vão desde a qualidade dos produtos, à investigação e desenvolvimento, ao marketi

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Beall, Reed. "What is the International Landscape of Essential Medicine Patent Protection and How Can Developing Countries' Medicine Access be Accelerated Within It?" Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35727.

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This project is at the controversial intersection of medicine patent protection and access to medicines at the international level. Advocates for medicine access argue that medicine patent protection may allow prices to become elevated, thereby frustrating medicine access. But advocates for medicine patent protection argue that the patent system incentivized the research and development to make the product possible in the first place. While this ideological debate is valuable, this doctoral project acknowledges the patent system’s existence and seeks to produce research to advance medicine ac

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Books on the topic "Trade of pharmaceuticals"

1

Arfwedson, Jacob. Re-importation (parallel trade) in pharmaceuticals. Institute for Policy Innovation, IPI Center for Technology Freedom, 2004.

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2

Canada, Canada Industry. Chemicals, pharmaceuticals and plastics: Forest products. Industry Canada, 1995.

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3

Commission of the European Communities. DG IV. and REMIT Consultants, eds. Impediments to parallel trade in pharmaceuticals within the European Community: Final report. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1992.

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4

Competition, Commission of the European Communities Directorate General for. Impediments to parallel trade in pharmaceuticals within the European Community: Final report. Commission of the European Communities, 1991.

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5

United States. Dept. of the Treasury., ed. Report on medical equipment and pharmaceuticals market-oriented, sector-selective (MOSS) discussions. Department of the Treasury, 1986.

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6

Economic and Social Research Foundation (Tanzania), ed. The implications of WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) in Tanzania: A focus on pharmaceuticals. Economic and Social Research Foundation, 2003.

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7

Correa, Carlos María. Protection of data submitted for the registration of pharmaceuticals: Implementing the standards of the TRIPS Agreement. South Centre, 2002.

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8

Kermani, Faiz. Parallel Trade in Pharmaceuticals. Urch Publishing Ltd, 2003.

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9

Trade and Price Differentials for Pharmaceuticals: Policy Options. Office of Health Economics, 1997.

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10

India's trade in drugs and pharmaceuticals: Emerging trends, opportunities and challenges. Research and Information System for Development Countries, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Trade of pharmaceuticals"

1

Cook, Trevor, Catherine Doyle, and David Jabbari. "Trade Marks and Pharmaceuticals." In Pharmaceuticals, Biotechnology & the Law. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21828-8_12.

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Wegner, Harold C. "Trade Secrets." In Patent Law in Biotechnology, Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21958-2_2.

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Muzaka, Valbona. "Trade Rules and Intellectual Property Protection for Pharmaceuticals." In The Handbook of Global Health Policy. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118509623.ch22.

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Calboli, Irene. "Intellectual Property Exhaustion and Parallel Imports of Pharmaceuticals: A Comparative and Critical Review." In Access to Medicines and Vaccines. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83114-1_2.

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AbstractThis Chapter addresses the topic of intellectual property (IP) exhaustion in the context of the parallel trade of pharmaceuticals. These imports, which are controversial in general, are more complex with respect to pharmaceuticals, which require additional marketing and import authorizations. Nevertheless, individual countries remain free to accept these imports under the flexibility of Article 6 of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects to Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement). This Chapter reviews several national approaches—in developed, developing, and least developed coun

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Hassali, Mohamed Azmi, Jayabalan Thambyappa, Shankaran Nambiar, Asrul Akmal Shafie, and Hans Löfgren. "TRIPS, Free Trade Agreements and the Pharmaceutical Industry in Malaysia." In The New Political Economy of Pharmaceuticals. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137315854_8.

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Hall, Alexandra, and Georgios A. Antonopoulos. "The Online Trade in Illicit Pharmaceuticals: The UK Context." In Fake Meds Online. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57088-8_2.

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Patterson, Donna A. "The Illegal Trade in Pharmaceuticals: Historical Cases from West Africa." In Drugs in Africa. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137321916_7.

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Adusei, Poku. "Exploring the Conceptual Domains for Patent Discourse in Global Trade Relations." In Patenting of Pharmaceuticals and Development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32515-1_2.

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Schütz, Harald. "Index of Treated Substances (formula, molecular formula, molecular weight, CAS-No., pharmaceuticals — trade marks)." In Benzodiazepines II. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74031-2_1.

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Muzaka, Valbona. "Dealing with Public Health and Intellectual Property for Pharmaceuticals at the World Trade Organization." In Health for Some. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230244399_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Trade of pharmaceuticals"

1

Karaalp Orhan, Hacer Simay. "Competitiveness of Turkey in Eurasia: A Comparison with CIS Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00210.

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The main aim of this paper is to examine international competitiveness of Turkey both in world market and CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) in comparison with Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, Ukraine, Russia and to determine the value of trade between Turkey and CIS countries. The Revealed Comparative Advantage, Grubel-Lloyd (IIT) and Trade Intensity indices were calculated for sixteen commodity groups over the period 1996–2008 by using WTO data. The results suggest that Turkey is more competitive in CIS market and has comparative advantage in various

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Altunkan, Serap Malcok, Alper Yasemin, Ismail Taha Aykac, and Elgin Akpinar. "Turkish pharmaceuticals track & trace system." In 2012 7th International Symposium on Health Informatics and Bioinformatics (HIBIT). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hibit.2012.6209037.

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Annam, Venkata Praveen, Timothy O. Mertz, Krishna Vattipalli, Vinay Nagaraj, and Shalini Prasad. "Nanotechnology enabled platforms for trace detection of pharmaceuticals." In 2011 IEEE 11th International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nano.2011.6144466.

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Lin, Y. H., and C. F. Hong. "Efficiency and productivity of publicly-traded bio-pharmaceutical companies in Taiwan." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieem.2015.7385863.

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Elsobky, Yasmin. "54 The story behind drug trade names; a deeper insight into the pharmaceutical market." In EBM Live Abstracts, July 2019, Oxford, UK. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2019-ebmlive.62.

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Wu Qingyan. "An empirical analysis of the impact of FDI on China's pharmaceutical intra- industry trade." In 2012 International Symposium on Information Technology in Medicine and Education (ITME 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itime.2012.6291425.

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Chen, Shan, Chengna Wang, and Shih-Ming Ou. "The Key Success Factors of Developing Intelligent Logistics Within Pharmaceutical Industry in Fujian Free Trade Area." In 2017 International Conference on Green Informatics (ICGI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icgi.2017.24.

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Sasaki, Tetsuo, Riko Domon, Tomoaki Sakamoto, and Makoto Otsuka. "Quantitative Analysis of Trace Isotope Impurity in Pharmaceutical Material by Terahertz Laser Spectrometer." In 2021 46th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz50926.2021.9567424.

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"Analysis of the Relationship between Research & Development Innovation and Export Trade Level in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Industry." In 2020 International Conference on Social Science and Education Research. Scholar Publishing Group, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38007/proceedings.0001721.

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Petrylė, Vaiva. "THE IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC YEAR ON EXPORT: LITHUANIAN GRAVITY." In 12th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2022“. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2022.754.

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In this paper I construct gravity model for Lithuania and analyse pandemic-related changes of Lithuania’s goods export. Results suggest that pandemic resulted in a decreased export of aircraft, railway products, meat and preparations of cereals and milk. Positive influence was registered for beverages and spirits, tobacco, furniture, electric appliances, fuels, vehicles and medical and pharmaceutical products. I find that Lithuania’s export of products of higher complexity was more often affected positively by the pandemic. Results show positive influence of the pandemic for Lithuania’s export

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Reports on the topic "Trade of pharmaceuticals"

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Seuba, Xavier. Free Trade of Pharmaceutical Products. International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/ip_ip_20100426.

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Fry, Emily, James Smith, and Gregory Thwaites. Trump tariff turmoil: The impact of higher US tariffs and the risk of a global recession. The Resolution Foundation, 2025. https://doi.org/10.63492/urwi832.

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President Trump’s tariff announcements have taken a wrecking ball to the global system of international trade, pushing US tariff rates back to early 20th century levels. Following the suspension of ‘reciprocal’ tariffs, the UK’s exposure to automotive and possible “major” pharmaceutical tariffs, means we are set to be affected by more than many other countries, with the notable exception of China. But as well as the direct impacts of the tariffs, President Trump’s approach to policy making has led to huge uncertainty about the ‘new normal’ for tariffs. This uncertainty has triggered wild swing

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Schur, Michael. Georgia Exports and Value Chain Study. Asian Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tcs240433-2.

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Analyzing how Georgia can diversify its exports, this report shows how it could potentially ramp up its pharmaceutical, apparel, jewelry, and almond exports, and assesses how an effective export strategy would drive more resilient economic growth. Based on stakeholder interviews, it considers the trends, value chains, and opportunities for each of the high potential sectors and explores how Georgia can leverage its location, favorable business environment, and free-trade agreements. Emphasizing the need for greater innovation and strong government support, it recommends taking a “Team Georgia”

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Goreczky, Péter. Decoupling or diversification? Dilemmas of India, Japan, and Australia in shaping economic relations with China. Külügyi és Külgazdasági Intézet, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47683/kkielemzesek.e-2021.29.

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US allies in the Indo-Pacific region, India, Japan and Australia are all making considerable efforts to reduce economic dependence on China. In the case of India, border clashes boost the political motivations of the trend, while in the economic sense the country’s trade deficit, the import of the pharmaceutical and automotive industries, and the determinative role of Chinese capital in the tech sector result in a unique dependency. As for Japanese companies, China remains a key manufacturing base and market, and therefore Tokyo is interested in the diversification of supply chains and manufac

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Tull, Kerina. Economic Impact of Local Vaccine Manufacturing. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.034.

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Over a period of time, a tier of mostly middle-income developing countries has developed a considerable pharmaceutical and vaccine production capacity. However, outcomes have not always been positive for domestic manufacturers in developing countries. Economic and health lessons learned from vaccine manufacturing in developing countries include challenges and positive spill-over effects. Evidence for this rapid review is taken from the south and southeast Asia (India, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam), and Latin America (Brazil, Cuba, Mexico). Although data on locally manufactured drugs on the bal

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McQuinn, Kieran, Conor O'Toole, and Dónal O'Shea. Quarterly Economic Commentary, Spring 2025. ESRI, 2024. https://doi.org/10.26504/qec2025spr.

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At the start of 2025, the Irish economy is in a strong position. Unemployment stands at 3.9 per cent, while real income growth is set to exceed 3.5 per cent in the current year. Exchequer returns continue to increase quite significantly for the opening period of the present year. Therefore, as a baseline, we expect modified domestic demand (MDD) to increase by 3.0 per cent in 2025 and 2.8 per cent in 2026. These forecasts are conducted on the assumption of no trade tariffs being imposed between the United States (US) and the European Union (EU). However, the international climate is particular

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