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Hemsworth, Kirsty. "Translation and/as empathy : mapping translation shifts in 9/11 fiction." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19920/.
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This thesis seeks to establish an unprecedented empathic approach to the comparative analysis of 9/11 fiction in translation. The central tenet of this study is that translation – as a creative, subversive and disarming force – is a fundamentally empathic process. As parallel and reciprocal works of fiction, 9/11 novels and their translations are not only bound by the centrifugal force of the traumatic event at their centres, but perform, expand and subvert the same empathic structures and interactions on which they are founded. By foregrounding an innovative comparison of translation shifts, this thesis will map the potential for interactivity and reciprocity across the translation divide, and reinstate the translated text as a rich terrain for textual analysis. This thesis will focus on four key works of fiction and their French translations: Falling Man and L’homme qui tombe (Don DeLillo), The Submission and Un Concours de Circonstances (Amy Waldman), Terrorist and Terroriste (John Updike), and The Zero and Le Zéro (Jess Walter). This topographical overview of 9/11 fiction offers a deliberately fragmentary and episodic account of a genre that is unsettled in translation, with a view to capturing, and testing the limits of, the vast temporal, empathic and imaginative networks in which the texts and their translations participate. By drawing complex empathic maps of 9/11 fiction and their translations, this thesis will emphasise the value of translation shifts as an innovative and critical tool for literary analysis. It seeks to expand the limits of contemporary literary translation approaches to accommodate dynamic, empathic forms of analysis and textual modes of comparison, where both source and target texts are indivisible from the empathically-unsettled terrains in which they are forged.
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Lascar, Elisabeth Ramirez, of Western Sydney Macarthur University, Faculty of Education, and Division of Languages and Linguistics. "Shifts of cohesion as manifested in translation." THESIS_FE_DLL_Lascar_E.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/377.
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One of the aims of this study is to identify shifts of cohesion in translation from Spanish into English, with a view to validating Blum-Kulka's proposal that explication is a universal strategy in translation. The study uses the translation work of ten advanced translation students using narrative texts of approximately 250 words in length. Some of these students are native speakers of Spanish and others native speakers of English. Another aim of the study is to examine how cohesive devices are deployed across an ability range of students and to establish whether there are systematic differences in their deployment. The study will also attempt to establish whether the levels of language competence of informants account for specific shifts of cohesion in translation and whether certain shifts of cohesion are motivated by the style of the source and target texts.Master of Arts (Hons)
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Lascar, Elisabeth Ramirez. "Shifts of cohesion as manifested in translation /." [Milperra, N.S.W. : The author], 1997. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030707.132350/index.html.
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Draganic, Roberto. "On the Translation of Adjectival Pre-Modifiers : A Study of English-Swedish Translation Shifts." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-77342.
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This study examined the translation of adjectival pre-modifiers (i.e. pre-modifying adjectives and pre-modifying participles) from English into Swedish. The selection of this topic and material was inspired by previous research on the increasing frequency of noun phrase pre-modification in English, contrasted with notions of Swedish-specific preferences for translating English pre-modifiers into different structures found in previous research and literature. Swedish tendencies included rendering English pre-modifiers as post-modification and the compounding of pre-modifying adjectives or participles with noun phrase heads to form Swedish compound nouns. The concept of translation shifts as labels for translation methods was used to classify translations of adjectival pre-modifiers, in addition to categorising the translation choices based on word class, rank and position. The study concluded that English adjectival pre-modifiers were overwhelmingly translated with formal correspondence (86%), i.e. as adjectival pre-modifiers. The other translation methods that were applied were used considerably less extensively; unit shifts and class shifts constituted 9% and 4% of all translation choices, respectively; omissions of the sense and meaning of the adjectival pre-modifier were found as the translation method for 1% of English adjectival pre-modifiers. Unit shifts were found to result in a total of 8 different types of structural equivalents to adjectival pre-modifiers. In order of frequency, these were: prepositional phrase, first element of compound noun, extended attribute, pre-modifying prepositional phrase, verb phrase, first element of compound adverb, last element of compound participle and relative clause. Class shifts resulted in 3 categories of formally non-correspondent structures, namely adverb, noun and genitival attribute. The conclusions that could be drawn from the results were that the tendency for the Swedish translation of adjectival pre-modifiers to result in post-modification and compound nouns was small. A qualitative analysis showed that select examples of translations to formally correspondent equivalents were commonly motivated by considerations of readability to reduce sentence length and complexity. Examples of various category shifts were for the most part found to have been caused by the questionable idiomaticity of formally correspondent translation options.
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Jawad, Hisham Ali. "Repetition in Arabic literary discourse : patterns, shifts and translation strategies." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24738.
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This thesis has three goals: to identify patterns of repetition in the Arab writers Taha Hussein’s and Muhammad al-Muwaylihi’s texts, their shift in the English translations, and to establish the translation strategies used in this area. The empirical base material for this study consists of a three-part autobiography (al-Ayyaam, ‘The Days’) and a narrative fiction (Hadiith ‘Isaa ibn Hishaam, ‘Isa ibn Hisham’s Tale’). As a first step Taha Hussein and Muhammad al-Muwaylihi along with their texts are presented and criteria for selecting research material discussed. Secondly, the notion of repetition is explored from the perspective of linguistic and cultural norms, and issues related to the norm theories discussed. Lastly, a comparative analysis is carried out in five chapters to see how instances of repetition are rendered in the English translations. The findings show that Arabic texts utilise repetitive patterns for text-building and rhetorical purposes. These patterns are manifested, on all levels, in phonological, morphological and lexical repetition, lexical doublets paraphrase, parallelism and chiasmus. A stereoscopic type of lexical doublet cements textual cohesion and coherence by signalling complex meaning that goes beyond the confines of the doublet. Patterns of repetition are shifted in the English translations and various translation strategies are applied, the most common being grammatical transposition and reduction. A statistical assessment of the translation of lexical doublets in three samples is done. The samples are about 2500 words each and randomly selected from the autobiography’s three parts. The figures suggest that one translator (Part One) adopts a source text-oriented strategy versus a shifting strategy preferred by the other two. This is a useful indicator of the direction of the translations, towards either adequacy or acceptability.
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Choi, Wai Kuan. "Translation shifts of speech roles and modality in legislative and business texts." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2586619.
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Lam, Kin Man. "Culture-specific reference and functional priority : function shifts through speech translation." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2178683.
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Machali, Rochayah. "The occurrence of shifts and the question of equivalence in translation." Australia : Macquarie University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/44598.
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"March 1990".Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, School of English & Linguistics, 1991.
Bibliography: leaves 219-221.
PART ONE: Research preliminaries -- The occurrence of shifts and the question of equivalence in translation -- Research methodology -- Theoretical orientation to the analysis of translation and texts -- The profile of major discourse types in Bahasa Indonesia -- PAERT TWO: Chapters of analysis -- The translation of procedural discourses -- The translation of hortatory discourses -- The translation of expository discourses -- The translation of narrative discourses -- PART THREE: Chapters of discussion -- Synthesis of translation shifts -- Translation types and translation equivalence at the textual level -- PART FOUR: Concluding chapter -- Conclusion and implications.
The study focuses on translation shifts, on their occurrence and their consequences, and especially how they relate to the question of equivalence in translation. For this purpose, eight Indonesian source language texts (SLTs) and eighty English translations (TLTs) were analysed, in terms of their, notional and prominent text features, rhetorical purpose, cohesion, topic-comment structures, and topical progression. The results of the analysis show how translators' behaviour and reactions to the SLTs vary, as indicated by divergencies in their translations. The variations indicate the kinds of shift fostered in the translation: obligatory and/or optional. -- Another fruit of the study is the identification of a number of shiftsensitive items in Indonesian grammar, such as /DI-/, /NG-/, /-LAH/. The textual effects of the shifts vary from the localized shift of interpersonal tenor to global shifts affecting text type and sub-type, and even to shifts of referential meaning. Although the shifts of text type and of sub-type show a tendency towards directness and neutrality, the shifts raise the question of whether or not the resulting TLTs can be considered as justified translations and as translation equivalences. The answer is the need to postulate a more flexible and wider view of equivalence, whilst setting up limits to acceptance of shifts which cause mistranslations, i.e shifts of referential meaning. This view provides a basis for distinguishing translation from adaptation and from mistranslation, a distinction which has hitherto been taken for granted in translation and in the training of translators. -- Appendices containing the TL texts (the SL texts are presented in each chapter of analysis) are presented at the back of the thesis. There is also a glossary of terms used in the study.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
viii, 250 leaves
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Dussau, Xavier. "Réflexivité et hyper-réflexivité des shifts à poids bilatéraux." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12618.
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On montre pour plusieurs classes de poids W sur Z, l'hyper-réflexivité du shift bilatéral S sur l'espace de Hilbert de suites pondérées associé au poids W (l'hyper-réflexivité de S est équivalente au fait que tout opérateur borné laissant stables les sous-espaces invariants par translation non triviaux doit commuter avec S). Il n'existe aucun résultat général permettant d'affirmer l'existence de sous-espaces invariants non triviaux, alors que l'hyper-réflexivité du shift signifie que la classe de ces sous-espaces est très riche. Les méthodes utilisées vont du théorème des noyaux de L. Schwartz à des résultats récents de V. V. Kapustin concernant les compressions du shift unilatéral usuel sur un espace de Hardy. Des méthodes de transfert permettent d'étendre certains de ces résultats à des espaces de Hilbert pondérés de fonctions sur la droite réelle.
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AlGhamdi, Abdullah A. "Ideological Shifts in Newspaper Translations in the Arab Gulf Region." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1564503071229478.
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Al-Amri, Khalid Hadi. "Arabic/English/Arabic translation : shifts of cohesive markers in the translation of argumentative texts : a contrastive Arabic-English text-linguistic study." Thesis, Durham University, 2004. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1753/.
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Ari, Galal Nour Mohamed. "Influence of contextual factors on translation shifts case study : English to Arabic translation of reports from the Pan African Parliament (PAP)." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65576.
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This research set out to study the influence of contextual factors on the occurrence of translation shifts through the case study of English to Arabic translation of reports from the Pan African Parliament (PAP). The phenomenon of translation shifts has not yet been dealt with extensively in the field of translation and in particular in the combination of English and Arabic. Therefore, this research intends to contribute positively to fill this gap in the body of knowledge. The main objective of the research is to explore the nature of contextual factors that impact on the occurrence of the phenomenon of translation shifts and how this very phenomenon is manifested in translation strategies that are used to overcome translation problems at the word and above word levels. To achieve the objectives of the research, a quantitative and qualitative study was designed to explore the correlation among three related variables which are: translation problems, translation strategies and translation shifts. As a case study the data focuses on reports (ST and TT) of the Permanent Committees of the PAP produced between 2010 and 2016. The research found that at the word level, both the stylistic and contextual factors had an influence on the occurrence of the translation shifts, but the influence of the contextual factors is less than that of the stylistic factors. On the other hand, the research found that the contextual factor is the main factor that impacts on the same phenomenon above word level. The main conclusions of the research are that because of the inherent structural differences between English and Arabic, the occurrence of translation shifts is inevitable. There are also many other factors, such as stylistic and contextual factors, which govern the structure of different languages. Therefore, the research emphasises that the occurrence of this phenomenon is natural and it should be expected between any two languages. Finally, due to specific limitations in the study, the research recommends that the scope of the study be widened in future research. The research further strongly advocates for the study of translation shifts in various contexts, and therefore recommends that the study of this phenomenon should form part of any translation course.Mini Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2018.
African Languages
MA
Unrestricted
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Almgren, Anders. "Why Is The Little Girl Missing? : A descriptive study on the cause and effect of translation shifts in the Swedish translation of Enid Blyton’s Five on a Treasure Island. ." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3824.
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This essay will investigate the cause of shifts – changes made when translating – in the Swedish version of Enid Blyton‟s Five on a Treasure Island. It should be seen as a direct sequel to The Little Girl is Missing – a bachelor degree project written at Stockholm University. In said degree project the methods used when making the shifts was described, but now the reasons why the shifts were made and how they have affected the plot will be presented. To do so a number of theories concerning both gender studies and translation studies will be used. The working hypothesis is that the shifts were made to rid the translated text of the original text‟s sexist content – to create "equality between women and men" (Lpo 94: 3) and making the translation fit the target culture i.e. today‟s Sweden. This claimed sexist content will be determined mainly with the help of the Swedish compulsory school system‟s curriculum, Lpo94, and Berit Ås‟s master suppression techniques. The intention is to bring the translation phenomenon of ideologically influenced translations into the limelight and start a debate. Besides that, this essay will also provide a didactic model for teachers wanting to work with translation dilemmas in class.
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Donovan, Samia Bazzi. "Discourse shifts in the translation of politically sensitive texts with relevance to English/Arabic media texts." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1112.
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Hussein, Abdullah Ibrahim Abdullah. "A text-linguistic approach to shifts in the translation of ideologically oriented texts from English to Arabic." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/269.
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Chueasuai, Pasakara. "Translation shifts in the love and lust section in the Thai version of Cosmopolitan : a systemic functional perspective." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/translation-shifts-in-the-love-and-lust-section-in-the-thai-version-of-cosmopolitan-a-systemic-functional-perspective(180545fc-64ab-418f-9704-2ab446208252).html.
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The extended reach of globalisation in the last few decades has resulted in a significant increase of western influence on countries like Thailand. Western ideologies have been disseminated through various mass media channels, including the printed media. Women's magazines from the West such as the American monthly women's magazine Cosmopolitan have been publishing their Thai version for over ten years. The focus of Cosmopolitan is on the lifestyle of liberated women and sex as its most prominent theme. This is best illustrated by its Love and Lust section, which features advice columns imparting advice on sexual relationships for the benefit of female readers. Although the stories are envisaged as pieces of educational journalism, the original American columns are often sexually explicit, both in verbal and visual terms. This can be problematic from a Thai perspective, as sex-related issues are still viewed locally as sensitive and rarely raised publicly.This research will examine the strategies employed in translating the Love and Lust section of Cosmopolitan into Thai, focusing on shifts of meaning at both the verbal and visual levels. The theoretical framework used in this study draws mainly on the Systemic Functional Linguistics conceptualisation of the text-context relationship (as articulated by Eggins 1994/2004) that accounts for bi-directional correlations between text and its context of situation and context of culture. The model is supplemented with the Systemic Functional extended Social Semiotics conceptualisation of the visual analysis by Kress and van Leeuwen (1996/2006). The study will account for the translational choices illustrated in the data and ultimately attempt to identify verbal and visual shifts in the translation of glossy women's magazines.
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Runyeon-Odeberg, Kristina. "Loss, Gain, and Chromosomes : Readability and Translation Shifts in Medical Information for Families of Children with 10q25/10q26 Deletions." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-90527.
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The purpose of this thesis for the degree of Master, one year, is to investigate the translation of medical information from British English into Swedish. The analysis is concerned with readability and terminology. In specific, the areas of investigation are how readability of the material compares to other studies, what translation strategies or sources a translator may use, and what kind of translation shifts the terms analyzed undergo. The source text material consists of some six thousand words from a leaflet called 10q25 and 10q26 Deletions from Unique, a charity organization based in Great Britain, which welcomes families located worldwide as members. The theory in this thesis is based on previous research within the focus areas of readability, terminology, translation strategies, and translation shifts. Examples include Frege (1948 [1892]), Ogden and Richards (1923), Flesch(1948), McLaughlin (1969), Vinay and Darbelnet (1995), Deléger et al (2010), Kolahi andShirvani (2012), and Acar and İşisağ (2017). The text material does not fulfill the professional recommendations regarding readability, which confirms observations from previous studies. Overall, there is a tendency towards an improved readability level in the translation, which contradicts one bilingual study (Kolahi and Shirvani) but partially confirms another (Acar and İşisağ). Of the terms identified for analysis, 49.4 % have been found to require translation strategies sorting under oblique translation, where the predominant method is transposition. A significantly higher number of terms have been found in term banks and corpora than indicated in a previous study.
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Westling, Måns. "A Qualitative Descriptive Translation Study of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of English, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8055.
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This essay is a qualitative descriptive translation study concerning two translations of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet into Swedish. The purpose of the study is to investigate the translational behaviour of the translators and the translation norms that govern this behaviour.
By thoroughly analysing stretches of the play, the study will attempt to locate translation shifts (linguistic changes) that occur in the translation from the source text to the target text. These changes are connected with the translators’ fidelity towards e.g. the metre of the verse or the sense transfer of puns. The analysis also comprises a survey of the translation norms that the translators adhere to. These norms, stated by the translators themselves, are connected to their translation approach. Thus, the study will reveal the differences of translation behaviour and analyse them from a wider perspective. The translations were made around 1840 and in 1982, respectively. The considerable space in time in itself suggests that linguistic differences will occur. However, the study will also find differences as regards the purposes of the translations. The older translation appears to be performed in a tradition of fidelity to the written text and its literary qualities, whereas the modern translation clearly has the purpose of being used for the stage performance. The latter is stated by the translator himself, who also argues that Shakespeare is to be considered drama and not literature.
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Fomicheva, Marina. "The Role of human reference translation in machine translation evaluation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404987.
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Both manual and automatic methods for Machine Translation (MT) evaluation heavily rely on professional human translation. In manual evaluation, human translation is often used instead of the source text in order to avoid the need for bilingual speakers, whereas the majority of automatic evaluation techniques measure string similarity between MT output and a human translation (commonly referred to as candidate and reference translations), assuming that the closer they are, the higher the MT quality. In spite of the crucial role of human reference translation in the assessment of MT quality, its fundamental characteristics have been largely disregarded. An inherent property of professional translation is the adaptation of the original text to the expectations of the target audience. As a consequence, human translation can be rather different from the original text, which, as will be shown throughout this work, has a strong impact on the results of MT evaluation. The first goal of our research was to assess the effects of using human translation as a benchmark for MT evaluation. To achieve this goal, we started with a theoretical discussion of the relation between original and translated texts. We identified the presence of optional translation shifts as one of the fundamental characteristics of human translation. We analyzed the impact of translation shifts on automatic and manual MT evaluation showing that in both cases quality assessment is strongly biased by the reference provided. The second goal of our work was to improve the accuracy of automatic evaluation in terms of the correlation with human judgments. Given the limitations of reference-based evaluation discussed in the first part of the work, instead of considering different aspects of similarity we focused on the differences between MT output and reference translation searching for criteria that would allow distinguishing between acceptable linguistic variation and deviations induced by MT errors. In the first place, we explored the use of local syntactic context for validating the matches between candidate and reference words. In the second place, to compensate for the lack of information regarding the MT segments for which no counterpart in the reference translation was found, we enhanced reference-based evaluation with fluency-oriented features. We implemented our approach as a family of automatic evaluation metrics that showed highly competitive performance in a series of well-known MT evaluation campaigns.Tanto los métodos manuales como los automáticos para la evaluación de la Traducción Automática (TA) dependen en gran medida de la traducción humana profesional. En la evaluación manual, la traducción humana se utiliza a menudo en lugar del texto original para evitar la necesidad de hablantes bilingües, mientras que la mayoría de las técnicas de evaluación automática miden la similitud entre la TA y una traducción humana (comúnmente llamadas traducción candidato y traducción de referencia), asumiendo que cuanto más cerca están, mayor es la calidad de la TA. A pesar del papel fundamental que juega la traducción de referencia en la evaluación de la calidad de la TA, sus características han sido en gran parte ignoradas. Una propiedad inherente de la traducción profesional es la adaptación del texto original a las expectativas del lector. Como consecuencia, la traducción humana puede ser bastante diferente del texto original, lo cual, como se demostrará a lo largo de este trabajo, tiene un fuerte impacto en los resultados de la evaluación de la TA. El primer objetivo de nuestra investigación fue evaluar los efectos del uso de la traducción humana como punto de referencia para la evaluación de la TA. Para lograr este objetivo, comenzamos con una discusión teórica sobre la relación entre textos originales y traducidos. Se identificó la presencia de cambios de traducción opcionales como una de las características fundamentales de la traducción humana. Se analizó el impacto de estos cambios en la evaluación automática y manual de la TA demostrándose en ambos casos que la evaluación está fuertemente sesgada por la referencia proporcionada. El segundo objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue mejorar la precisión de la evaluación automática medida en términos de correlación con los juicios humanos. Dadas las limitaciones de la evaluación basada en la referencia discutidas en la primera parte del trabajo, en lugar de enfocarnos en la similitud, nos concentramos en el impacto de las diferencias entre la TA y la traducción de referencia buscando criterios que permitiesen distinguir entre variación lingüística aceptable y desviaciones inducidas por los errores de TA. En primer lugar, exploramos el uso del contexto sintáctico local para validar las coincidencias entre palabras candidato y de referencia. En segundo lugar, para compensar la falta de información sobre los segmentos de la TA para los cuales no se encontró ninguna relación con la traducción de referencia, introdujimos características orientadas a la fluidez de la TA en la evaluación basada en la referencia. Implementamos nuestro enfoque como una familia de métricas de evaluación automática que mostraron un rendimiento altamente competitivo en una serie de conocidas campañas de evaluación de la TA.
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Bangerter, Renee. "Since Joseph Smith's Time: Lexical Semantic Shifts in the Book of Mormon." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1998. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4500.
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In the years since Joseph Smith completed the translation of the Book of Mormon, the English language has changed; some common phraseologies and word meanings are dissimilar to today's. Often, in reading the Book of Mormon, we impose our current definitions onto terms that in 1830 had a different meaning. Our interpretation of these words, as well as the passages in which they are found, is skewed by our modern definitions. These words, when they occur in the Book of Mormon, demonstrate dialectal and obsolete senses. In the case of some words, the dialectal or obsolete sense is so far removed in meaning from the prevailing modern sense that Book of Mormon readers may be unsure how to interpret the meaning.In this study I investigate words in the Book of Mormon text that have taken on different meanings, thus leading to potential misreadings within some passages of the text.
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Serbina, Tatiana Verfasser], Stella [Akademischer Betreuer] [Neumann, and Sutter Gert [Akademischer Betreuer] De. "A construction grammar approach to the analysis of translation shifts : a corpus-based study / Tatiana Serbina ; Stella Neumann, Gert De Sutter." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1129785122/34.
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Serbina, Tatiana [Verfasser], Stella [Akademischer Betreuer] Neumann, and Sutter Gert [Akademischer Betreuer] De. "A construction grammar approach to the analysis of translation shifts : a corpus-based study / Tatiana Serbina ; Stella Neumann, Gert De Sutter." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:82-rwth-2015-052143.
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Botéus, Eva. "Vom Abflug bis zur Landung. Eine schwedisch-deutsche Übersetzungsanalyse von Nominalisierungen." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-106683.
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The aim of this study is to explore the nominal style in translation, based on the language pair Swedish-German. The non-fiction source text (a Swedish economic text), which was used as material for this study, was translated by the author into German before the actual analysis was carried out. An important feature of the nominal style is the frequent occurrence of nominalizations. With the assumption that German non-fiction texts are particularlyprone to use the nominal style, whereas Swedish non-fiction texts are more likely to usethe verbal style, a quantitative and qualitative analysis was carried out, with the intention of exploring these tendencies in the two languages. The focus was on the one hand on the question of the frequencies with which nominalizations occur in both texts, and on the other hand, how and to what extent nominalizations may be structurally shifted intranslation. Building on the translation model by Eriksson (1997), a classification was made that grouped different structural changes and made them measurable. The results show that the expected assumption could be confirmed. The proportion of nominalizations in the German target text was higher than in the Swedish source text, but with a much smaller difference than assumed. Carlsson (2004) came to a similar conclusion in her study, in which economic texts from newspapers were compared in a language-contrasting manner
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Fadel, Lina. "An exploration into the semiotic rationale for gender shifts in English-Arabic literary translation : the case of Toni Morrison's 'The Bluest Eye'." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2975.
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The present doctoral thesis is an investigation into the underlying semiotic and socio-cultural connotations of gender shifts in literary translation from English into Arabic, thereby simultaneously addressing the research question of whether these shifts are norm-governed, optional, or obligatory, that is, dictated by the rules of Arabic. Drawing on research into translational shifts, descriptive approaches to translation, as well as semiotics and sociology, the research employs a comparative and analytical methodology, which is based mainly on van Leuven-Zwart’s shift model, for the analysis of the primary corpus which incorporates Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye and its two Arabic translations. It also utilizes a confirmatory corpus-based approach for the understanding of how norms and rules of gender are manifested in the Arabic literary tradition(s). Different patterns of shift are identified as regards the gender preferences or obligations on the part of the translator which contribute to his gender choices, which both demonstrate the problematic nature of gender relations in Arabic as well as highlight the translator’s active role in the act of translation. This project aims to make a useful contribution to existing research in the areas of descriptive translation studies and shifts analysis, as well as corpus-based approaches to translational shifts in general and gender shifts in particular. The analysis reveals the challenges facing translators when gender issues are concerned and suggests that gender shifts are more affected by norms and idiosyncrasies than grammatical rules.
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Mazza, Chiara. "“L’Artusi in lingua inglese. Analisi dei translation shifts e delle strategie traduttive utilizzate nelle traduzioni inglesi de La scienza in cucina e l’arte di mangiar bene”." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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Il 2020 ha visto il bicentenario della nascita di Pellegrino Artusi, uno degli autori italiani più conosciuti a livello internazionale e padre indiscusso della cultura gastronomica italiana. La sua opera più nota è senza dubbio La scienza in cucina e l'arte di mangiar bene, uno dei libri di cucina italiani più influenti mai scritti. L’uso del linguaggio, l’attenzione all’educazione culinaria e l’insieme di elementi narrativi ed espositivi all’interno delle ricette hanno reso La scienza in cucina un libro rivoluzionario, che ha cambiato per sempre il modo di scrivere di cucina in Italia. Data l’importanza culturale dell’opera di Artusi in Italia, in questo elaborato ci siamo proposti di comprendere come La scienza in cucina sia stato tradotto in lingua inglese per la fruizione nel mondo anglosassone e internazionale. Sulla scorta di un approccio teorico-metodologico basato su corpora paralleli, sono stati rintracciati i translation shifts opzionali all'interno di un piccolo corpus parallelo, composto da quattro ricette de La scienza in cucina e dalle rispettive traduzioni inglesi, nelle quattro versioni esistenti. Quanto trovato è stato analizzato per ottenere informazioni riguardo alle strategie traduttive che sembrano aver guidato i traduttori e le traduttrici nelle loro scelte.L’elaborato si articola in cinque capitoli. Nel capitolo 1 vengono presentate la vita di Artusi e La scienza in cucina, mentre nel capitolo 2 si passa ad una prospettiva internazionale, descrivendo l’accoglienza de La scienza in cucina nei paesi anglofoni e le quattro traduzioni inglesi. Nel capitolo 3, viene presentato il quadro teorico su cui si basa l’ analisi e nel capitolo 4 la metodologia adottata. Infine, nel capitolo 5, vengono presentati e discussi i risultati dello studio, vengono tratte alcune conclusioni generali sulle tendenze e strategie traduttive adottate e suggeriti alcuni possibili sviluppi dell’analisi, tenendo in considerazione i limiti del presente lavoro.
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Moraes, Naomi James Sutcliffe de. "Uma análise qualitativa de marcadores culturais em dois corpora paralelos de traduções jurídicas de direito privado de português para inglês e de inglês para português." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-01082007-145717/.
Full textAbstract:
Esta tese apresenta uma análise qualitativa da tradução de marcadores culturais referenciais (extra-lingüísticos) e estilísticos (convenções lingüísticas) em dois corpora paralelos de documentos da área de direito privado, um com originais em português brasileiro e traduções em inglês e o outro com originais em inglês e traduções em português brasileiro. Os corpora não contêm traduções de aprendizes. Dividiu-se os marcadores em categorias temáticas para identificar tendências de abordagem. As análises incluíram classificação das soluções tradutórias através das modalidades de Aubert (2005), com modificações, e graus de aproximação do receptor ao texto original. Dois corpora comparáveis em inglês e português também foram coletados e utilizados para servir como uma referência para questões estilísticasThis dissertation is a qualitative analysis of the translation of referential (extra-linguistic) and stylistic cultural markers in two parallel corpora containing documents from the area of private law, one with originals in Brazilian Portuguese and translations in English and the other with originals in English and translations in Brazilian Portuguese. The corpora contain translations performed by professionals, not students of translation. The cultural markers were categorized thematically to allow identification of translation strategy trends. The analyses included classification of translation solutions using the modalities of Aubert (2005), with modifications, and degrees of approximation between the receptor and the original text. Two comparable corpora in English and Brazilian Portuguese were also compiled and used as a reference for stylistic questions
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Haraldsson, Mathilda. "Pippi Longstocking: Differences in the translations from Swedish to English, from 1950 and 2007 : A structural comparison of two different translations of Pippi Longstocking from Swedish to English." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-25634.
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This study focuses on comparing two different versions of Pippi Longstocking translated into English on a structural level. With the help of the research of the known linguistics John Catford and Paul Vinay & Jean-Louis Darbelnet, we compare how the two different translators, Tiina Nunnally (2007) and Florence Lamborn (1950) have translated the same book. This study compares these two translations for grammatical features and word choices on a structural level, for example use of verb tense and differences in Vinay & Darbelnet’s modulation. It also studies how the translators have done differently regarding Catford’s structural shifts. The essay also briefly looks at the cultural differences between the countries and how they have been translated. The aim of this project is not to determine which translation is better, but to compare and describe any differences and similarities found. It will look at how the two translators have handled the same problems differently (or similarly). The translations by Florence Lamborn and Tiina Nunnally have much in common, but in our result and analysis we present the differences.
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Ho, George. "Globalisation and translation: Towards a paradigm shift in translation studies." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3173563.
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Guided by Thomas Kuhn's theory about paradigm shift advanced in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions and Mao Tsetung's theory of “the new superseding the old”, this thesis briefly examines the history of translation both in the West and in China and observes three paradigm shifts in each territory. The analyses reveal that paradigm shifts in translation theory occur when the changes in the social, economic, cultural and religious environments lead to significant changes in the practice of translation and that these changes then can no longer be adequately theorised by the old paradigms of translation. This study then critically reviews current literature on globalisation and translation and attributes its lack of depth in theorisation or some of its misleading predictions to certain scholars' inadequate investigation of the phenomenon of globalisation. In order to provide an adequate interpretation, description, explanation and prediction of the impact of globalisation on the theory and practice of translation, I investigate five aspects of globalisation and their respective impact on translation practice and find that globalisation has changed the mainstream of translation practice from canonical translation to professional (i.e., non-canonical) translation. The findings of the research demonstrate that traditional translation theories based on comparative literary study or on linguistics fail to provide an objective and comprehensive theoretical framework for the mainstream practice of translation. Therefore, it is justifiable to posit a paradigm shift in Translation Studies from canonical translation to professional translation so as to meet the demand of and challenges for the translation profession and business under the impact of globalisation. As an initiation towards the establishment of a new paradigm, I posit a “value-driven” theory based on recent developments in researches on the global economy to distinguish between canonical and professional translations. Influenced by theories of the knowledge-driven economy, I further propose to establish a force of translators as knowledge workers to better serve the demand of the global economy and the global community. To follow the principle of empiricism, I use several case studies from the real world of commercial translation to support my “value-driven” theory for Translation Studies.Subscription resource available via Digital Dissertations only.
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Bergenfalk, Edvin. "ʾillā i svensk översättning : Undantag och växlande polaritet i Koranen översatt från arabiskan." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för mellanösternstudier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-190619.
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This study examines how the word ʾillā is treated in the Swedish Qur’ān translation from 1917 by Karl Vilhelm Zetterstéen. The analysis is based on Swedish and Arabic grammar and translation theory, and considers the fact that this Qur’ān translation is considered to be quite faithful to the source text. The study finds that the textual equivalent of ʾillā varies greatly in the target text, and further that it is not limited to exclusive conjunctions nor exceptives; rather, it often consists of a restrictive adverb in an affirmative clause, when ʾillā in the source text is in a negative clause. This points to a unique problematic of translation where ʾillā is concerned, which warrants further examination in future studies.
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Leire, Heim Maria. "Die bauphysikalisch bessere Lösung : Zur Übersetzung von Nominalphrasen mit erweiterten Attributen ins Schwedische in einem Fachtext über Strohballenbau." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-68466.
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One of the main characteristics of German technical language is the nominal style, which includes complex pre-nominal and post-nominal extended modifiers. A commonly held view is that these are less common in Swedish due to language-specific restrictions and preferences. As such, they may pose a challenge to Swedish translators. This essay examines this particular problem and focuses on the translation of four different complex extended modifiers: adjectival, participial, genitival and prepositional.The aim of this study was to determine which syntactic structures are used when these modifiers are translated into Swedish and to identify shifts using the concept “grammatical metaphor”, thereby focusing on the degree of grammatical metaphoricity. For the purposes of this study, a chapter of the technical book Neues Bauen mit Stroh in Europa by Gruber, Gruber and Sentler was translated into Swedish and then analysed with the above-mentioned aims in mind.The study showed that out of the 117 noun phrases with extended complex modifiers in the source text 21 were transposed into a less explicit, direct structure and more metaphorical language. The metaphorization was in some cases a result of simplification/omission of less dense semantic material and/or the translation into compounds. In 46 cases, the extended modifiers showed the same degree of grammatical metaphoricity as the source language expression and thus were re-metaphorized. In the remaining cases, a verbal or more explicit structure was chosen in the translation. This especially proved to be the case with pre-nominal extended adjectival and participial modifiers.
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Kendal, Gordon. "Translation as creative retelling : constituents, patterning and shift in Gavin Douglas' Eneados." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/554.
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The Thesis analyses and evaluates how Gavin Douglas (Eneados, 1513) has refocused Virgil's Aeneid, principally by giving more emphasis to the serial particularity inherent in the story, loosening the narrative structure and involving the reader in its retelling. Chapter I pieces together (from the evidence not merely of what Douglas explicitly says, but of what his words imply) what for him a "text" in general is, and what accordingly it means for a translator or a reader to be engaged with it. This sets the scene for what follows. The next four Chapters look in turn at how he re-expresses important (metaphysical) characteristics of the story. In Chapter II his handling of time is discussed, and compared with Virgil's: the Chapter sets out in detail how Douglas consistently refocuses temporal predicates, foregrounding their disjunctiveness and making them differently felt. In Chapter III spatial position and distance are analysed, and Douglas' way of dealing with space is found to display parallels with his treatment of time: networks are loosened and nodal points are accentuated. In Chapter IV the way in which he presents individuals is compared with Virgil's, and a similar repatterning and shift reveals itself: Douglas provides his persons with firmer boundaries. Chapter V deals with fate, where Douglas encounters special difficulties but maintains his characteristic way of handling the story. The aim of these four Chapters is to characterise formally how Douglas concretises and vivifies the tale of Aeneas, engaging his readers throughout in the retelling. Finally, Chapter VI looks at certain general principles of translation theory (notably connected with the ideas of faithfulness and accuracy) and argues for a way in which Douglas' translation can be fairly experienced by the reader and fairly evaluated as a lively retelling which (albeit distinctive) is fundamentally faithful to Virgil.
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Kendal, Gordon McGregor. "Translation as creative retelling : constituents, patterning and shift in Gavin Douglas' 'Eneados' /." St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/554.
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Stamenkovic, Zoran. "Culture-bound shifts in the first french and italian translations of Christopher Marlowe's Doctor Faustus." Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0052.
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La présente thèse compare le drame Le Docteur Faust de Christopher Marlowe (1604, 1616) avec la première traduction française faite par Jean-Pierre Antoine Bazy (1850) et la première traduction italienne faite par Eugenio Turiello (1898) en visant à identifier les changements textuels révélateurs du contexte culturelle et idéologique au moment où se produisent les deux textes cibles. Le Docteur Faust est un exemple emblématique de l’instabilité du texte dramatique source. Il nous est parvenu en deux versions (le texte A et le texte B) différentes du point de vue structurel, thématique et doctrinal. En revanche, aucune version ne permet pas une interprétation cohérente. Ce travail a pour propos d’examiner si les traductions de Bazy et de Turiello, qui proviennent de contextes géographiques, historiques et littéraires différents mais étroitement liés, multiplient les lectures plausibles ou bien si elles aboutissent à une vision plus constante. En outre, on s’interroge sur la cause des variations textuelles, généralement dénommées en traductologie les glissements. Tout d’abord, j’ai identifié une régularité des glissements qui se manifestent dans deux traductions en question. Puis, j’ai analysé les effets des glissements sur la structure et la signification générales des textes. Enfin, en adoptant une approche socioculturelle de l’analyse des traductions, j’ai exploré la manière dont les changements sont déterminés par l’idéologie des traducteurs et leur interprétation de l’original. Cela explique leur position au sein de l’espace politique et idéologique de chaque culture d’arrivée, ainsi que les normes traductrices et culturelles adoptées au cours de la traductionThe aim of this research is to compare Christopher Marlowe’s play Doctor Faustus (1604, 1616) with the first French translation by Jean-Pierre Antoine Bazy (1850) and the first Italian translation by Eugenio Turiello (1898) in search of the changes that are symptomatic of the cultural and ideological context of translation production. The case of Doctor Faustus represents the epitome of the instability of a dramatic source text. Two main versions of the play (the A-text and the B-text) differ in structural, thematic and doctrinal terms. At the same time, neither version delivers a coherent vision. The research seeks to examine whether Bazy’s and Turiello’s translation, belonging to different yet related geographical, historical and literary traditions, further multiply the potential readings of the original or whether they display a more consistent framework. In addition, we will analyse the causes of textual variation, commonly labelled in Translation Studies as shifts. First, we identified a pattern of shifts manifested in the target texts in question. Then, we discussed the ways in which the identified patterns of shifts affect the general meaning and the structure of the texts. Finally, adopting a socio-cultural approach, we showed how certain shifts are conditioned by the translators’ ideology and their interpretation of the original. This in turn reveals the positions they occupy within the political and ideological space of each target culture and the main cultural and translation norms operating in the recipient systems
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Looi, Wai Ling. "Explicitation, implicitation and shift of conjunctions in English-Chinese translations of institutional texts : a corpus-assisted study." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2013. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/16633/.
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Lillkung, Lilianna. "À la recherche de la métaphore scientifique - termes médicaux en traduction." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-37626.
Full textAbstract:
From a general point of view, the aim of this thesis is to study the appearance and the translation of the metaphor in a context that involves specialized texts. Our purpose is also to examine the historical expression of metaphor within aspects connected to its importance for creation of scientific terms. More precisely, the main object is to explore how metaphors have been used in the field of medical terminology and by which methods they have been translated across the languages. Our approach is based on the definition of conceptual metaphor conceived by Lakoff & Johnson as a product of projections made by the thought (mapping). According to that idea, the metaphor constitutes a universal and essential element of human language and, therefore, also a keystone of the human communication reproduced at every level of social activity. From the cognitive point of view, our approach is also based on the theory of blending proposed by Fauconnier & Turner. It is diachronic and multidisciplinary as well, which means that a particular focus has been placed on the etymology of medical terms, which we have explored in the scientific context where those terms have been created and used. The database in this study is composed of medical terms emerging from scientific texts that we have translated from French to Swedish. During our analysis, we have explored the occurrence of conceptual metaphor across the source language and the target language (the last one is in fact represented in this thesis by four languages: French, Swedish, English and Polish). The translation methods have been analyzed according to the model of Vinay & Darbelnet. Our result indicates that conceptual metaphor plays a crucial role in the creation of medical terminology. It indicates also that the conceptualization of a medical phenomenon (expressed by mapping and blending) is almost always preserved in its original form in the target language. This observation implies that cognitive factors are activated during the process of translation. Our conclusion is made within the historical and scientific context, in other words regarding the context where the metaphorical terms have been created and afterwards transferred to other languages. Key words: conceptual metaphor, metaphorical term, cognitive, etymology, medicine, scientific language, mapping, blending, conceptual shift, linguistic shift, translation, source language, target language.
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Taghavi, Maryam. "The translator's habitus and shifts: A study on modulations in the Persian translations of Faulkner's 'The sound and the fury', 'Go down moses' and 'Absalom ! Absalom !'." Thesis, University of Salford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490220.
Full textAbstract:
The present study enquires into the fundamental issue of the translator's habitus (Bourdieu 1990). We take up John B. Thompson's synthetic translation of the concept of habitus (1991) while exploring descriptive explanatory interpretive hypotheses about the translator's text production activity. The knowledge underlying these hypotheses is derived from the domain of both conceptual and empirical research. The conceptual search involves accumulating knowledge from providing "logical connections" (Hewson and Martin 1991:23) between culturalist approaches to the study of translating activity. Heuristic approaches (Nida and Taber 1982, Toury 1995, Chesterman 1997, Nord 1997, Reiss and Vermeer 1984) and variable-oriented approaches (Bell 1991, Hatim 997, Neubert and Shreve 1992) are reviewed to identify 'context variables' (Williams and Chesterman 2002) enlightening the translator's activity.
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Malaby, Heidi L. H. "Identification of Molecular Determinants that Shift Co- and Post-Translational N-Glycosylation Kinetics in Type I Transmembrane Peptides: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2004. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/702.
Full textAbstract:
Asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation occurs on 90% of membrane and secretory proteins and drives folding and trafficking along the secretory pathway. The N-glycan can be attached to an N-X-T/S-Y (X,Y ≠ P) consensus site by one of two oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) STT3 enzymatic isoforms either during protein translation (co-translational) or after protein translation has completed (post-translational). While co-translational N-glycosylation is both rapid and efficient, post-translational N-glycosylation occurs on a much slower time scale and, due to competition with protein degradation and forward trafficking, could be detrimental to the success of a peptide heavily reliant on post-translational N-glycosylation. In evidence, mutations in K+ channel subunits that shift N-glycosylation kinetics have been directly linked to cardiac arrhythmias. My thesis work focuses on identifying primary sequence factors that affect the rate of N-glycosylation.
To identify the molecular determinants that dictate whether a consensus site acquires its initial N-glycan during or after protein synthesis, I used short (~ 100-170 aa) type I transmembrane peptides from the KCNE family (E1-E5) of K+ channel regulatory subunits. The lifetime of these small membrane proteins in the ER translocon is short, which places a significant time constraint on the co-translational N-glycosylation machinery and increases the resolution between co- and post-translational events. Using rapid metabolic pulse-chase experiments described in Chapter II, I identified several molecular determinants among native consensus sites in the KCNE family that favor co-translational N-glycosylation: threonine containing-consensus sites (NXT), multiple N-terminal consensus sites, and long C-termini. The kinetics could also be shifted towards post-translational N-glycosylation by converting to a serine containing-consensus site (NXS), reducing the number of consensus sites in the peptide, and shortening the C-termini.
In Chapter III, I utilized an E2 scaffold peptide to examine the N-glycosylation kinetics of the middle X residue in an NXS consensus site. I found that large hydrophobic and negatively charged residues hinder co-translational N-glycosylation, while polar, small hydrophobic, and positively charged residues had the highest N-glycosylation efficiencies. Poorly N-glycosylated NXS consensus sites with large hydrophobic and negatively charged X residues had a significantly improved co-translational N-glycosylation efficiency upon conversion to NXT sites.
Also in Chapter III, I adapted a siRNA knockdown strategy to definitively identify the OST STT3 isoforms that perform co- and post-translational N-glycosylation for type I transmembrane substrates. I found that the STT3A isoform predominantly performs co-translational N-glycosylation while the STT3B isoform predominantly performs post-translational N-glycosylation, in agreement with the roles of these enzymatic subunits on topologically different substrates.
Taken together, these findings further the ability to predict the success of a consensus site by primary sequence alone and will be helpful for the identification and characterization of N-glycosylation deficiency diseases.
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Malaby, Heidi L. H. "Identification of Molecular Determinants that Shift Co- and Post-Translational N-Glycosylation Kinetics in Type I Transmembrane Peptides: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2014. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/702.
Full textAbstract:
Asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation occurs on 90% of membrane and secretory proteins and drives folding and trafficking along the secretory pathway. The N-glycan can be attached to an N-X-T/S-Y (X,Y ≠ P) consensus site by one of two oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) STT3 enzymatic isoforms either during protein translation (co-translational) or after protein translation has completed (post-translational). While co-translational N-glycosylation is both rapid and efficient, post-translational N-glycosylation occurs on a much slower time scale and, due to competition with protein degradation and forward trafficking, could be detrimental to the success of a peptide heavily reliant on post-translational N-glycosylation. In evidence, mutations in K+ channel subunits that shift N-glycosylation kinetics have been directly linked to cardiac arrhythmias. My thesis work focuses on identifying primary sequence factors that affect the rate of N-glycosylation.
To identify the molecular determinants that dictate whether a consensus site acquires its initial N-glycan during or after protein synthesis, I used short (~ 100-170 aa) type I transmembrane peptides from the KCNE family (E1-E5) of K+ channel regulatory subunits. The lifetime of these small membrane proteins in the ER translocon is short, which places a significant time constraint on the co-translational N-glycosylation machinery and increases the resolution between co- and post-translational events. Using rapid metabolic pulse-chase experiments described in Chapter II, I identified several molecular determinants among native consensus sites in the KCNE family that favor co-translational N-glycosylation: threonine containing-consensus sites (NXT), multiple N-terminal consensus sites, and long C-termini. The kinetics could also be shifted towards post-translational N-glycosylation by converting to a serine containing-consensus site (NXS), reducing the number of consensus sites in the peptide, and shortening the C-termini.
In Chapter III, I utilized an E2 scaffold peptide to examine the N-glycosylation kinetics of the middle X residue in an NXS consensus site. I found that large hydrophobic and negatively charged residues hinder co-translational N-glycosylation, while polar, small hydrophobic, and positively charged residues had the highest N-glycosylation efficiencies. Poorly N-glycosylated NXS consensus sites with large hydrophobic and negatively charged X residues had a significantly improved co-translational N-glycosylation efficiency upon conversion to NXT sites.
Also in Chapter III, I adapted a siRNA knockdown strategy to definitively identify the OST STT3 isoforms that perform co- and post-translational N-glycosylation for type I transmembrane substrates. I found that the STT3A isoform predominantly performs co-translational N-glycosylation while the STT3B isoform predominantly performs post-translational N-glycosylation, in agreement with the roles of these enzymatic subunits on topologically different substrates.
Taken together, these findings further the ability to predict the success of a consensus site by primary sequence alone and will be helpful for the identification and characterization of N-glycosylation deficiency diseases.
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Coromines, i. Calders Diana. "La traducció de la ironia en l'obra de Günter Grass. Les versions angleses, daneses, catalanes i espanyoles d'Unkenrufe i Im Krebsgang." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/51246.
Full textAbstract:
Aquesta tesi se centra en l'anàlisi comparativa i descriptiva de vint passatges irònics de les obres Unkenrufe (1992) i Im Krebsgang (2002) de Günter Grass i les seves respectives traduccions a l'anglès, el danès, el català i l'espanyol. Partint de la hipòtesi que totes les versions tendeixen a atenuar la ironia excepte les daneses –per raons de proximitat lingüisticocultural amb l'alemany– ens proposem assolir dos objectius: 1) explorar l'abast macroestructural d'aquesta suposada atenuació; i 2) fer dues propostes de classificació: d'estratègies d'ironia original i d'estratègies de traducció de la ironia. Amb aquests objectius a l'horitzó, en primer lloc emprem instruments de tipus narratològic per determinar el paper de la ironia en les obres originals, i seguidament duem a terme l'anàlisi comparativa i descriptiva dels passatges irònics mitjançant eines conceptuals semàntico-pragmàtiques. Els resultats de la investigació confirmen parcialment la hipòtesi inicial i aporten noves dades sobre la naturalesa de la ironia literària; el funcionament de la seva traducció; i el paper que hi juguen les restriccions lingüisticoculturals.This dissertation presents the comparative and descriptive analysis of twenty ironic passages from Unkenrufe (1992) and Im Krebsgang (2002) by Günter Grass and their corresponding translations into English, Danish, Catalan and Spanish. Taking as a starting-point the hypothesis that irony will tend to be toned down in all the versions – except for the Danish ones, due to the linguistic and cultural proximity between Danish and German – the study has two objectives: 1) to explore the macrostructural impact of irony downtoning, and 2) to propose two classifications: one of original irony strategies, and one of translated irony strategies. With these objectives in mind, first we use narratological tools to determine the role played by irony in the original works, and then we use semantic-pragmatic tools to carry out a comparative and descriptive analysis of the ironic passages. The results of this study partially confirm the initial hypothesis and shed new light on the nature of literary irony, how its translation works, and the role played in it by linguistic and cultural constraints.
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Barrachina, Civera Xavier. "Distributional chaos of C0-semigroups of operators." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/28241.
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El caos distribucional fue introducido por Schweizer y Smítal en [SS94] a partir de
la noción de caos de Li-Yorke con el fín de implicar la entropía topológica positiva
para aplicaciones del intervalo compacto en sí mismo. El caos distribucional para
operadores fue estudiado por primera vez en [Opr06] y fue analizado en el contexto
lineal de dimensión infinita en [MGOP09].
El concepto de caos distribucional para un operador (semigrupo) consiste en la
existencia de un conjunto no numerable y un numero real positivo ¿ tal que para dos
elementos distintos cualesquiera del conjunto no numerable, tanto la densidad superior
del conjunto de iteraciones (tiempos) en las cuales la diferencia entre las órbitas de
dichos elementos es mayor que ¿, como la densidad superior del conjunto de iteraciones
(tiempos) en las cuales dicha diferencia es tan pequeña como se quiera, es igual a uno.
Esta tesis est'a dividida en seis capítulos. En el primero, hacemos un resumen del
estado actual de la teoría de la din'amica caótica para C0-semigrupos de operadores
lineales.
En el segundo capítulo, mostramos la equivalencia entre el caos distribucional de
un C0-semigrupo y el caos distribucional de cada uno de sus operadores no triviales.
Tambi'en caracterizamos el caos distribucional de un C0-semigrupo en t'erminos de la
existencia de un vector distribucionalmente irregular.
La noción de hiperciclicidad de un operador (semigrupo) consiste en la existencia de
un elemento cuya órbita por el operador (semigrupo) sea densa. Si adem'as el conjunto
de puntos periódicos es denso, diremos que el operador (semigrupo) es caótico en el
sentido de Devaney. Una de las herramientas mas útiles para comprobar si un operador
es hipercíclico es el Criterio de Hiperciclicidad, enunciado inicialmente por Kitai en
1982. En [BBMGP11], Bermúdez, Bonilla, Martínez-Gim'enez y Peris presentan elCriterio para Caos Distribucional (CDC en ingl'es) para operadores. Enunciamos y
probamos una versión del CDC para C0-semigrupos.
En el contexto de C0-semigrupos, Desch, Schappacher y Webb tambi'en estudiaron
en [DSW97] la hiperciclicidad y el caos de Devaney para C0-semigrupos, dando un
criterio para caos de Devaney basado en el espectro del generador in¿nitesimal del C0-
semigrupo. En el tercer capítulo, establecemos un criterio de existencia de una variedad
distribucionalmente irregular densa (DDIM en sus siglas en ingl'es) en t'erminos del
espectro del generador in¿nitesimal del C0-semigrupo.
En el Capítulo 4, se dan algunas condiciones su¿cientes para que el C0-semigrupo de
traslación en espacios L
p ponderados sea distribucionalmente caótico en función de la
función peso admisible. Ademas, establecemos una analogía completa entre el estudio
del caos distribucional para el C0-semigrupo de traslación y para los operadores de
desplazamiento hacia atras o ¿backward shifts¿ en espacios ponderados de sucesiones.
El capítulo quinto está dedicado al estudio de la existencia de C0-semigrupos para
los cuales todo vector no nulo es un vector distribucionalmente irregular. Tambi'en
damos un ejemplo de uno de dichos C0-semigrupos que además no es hipercíclico.
En el Capítulo 6, el criterio DDIM se aplica a varios ejemplos de C0-semigrupos.
Algunos de ellos siendo los semigrupos de solución de ecuaciones en derivadas parciales, como la ecuación hiperbólica de transferencia de calor o la ecuación de von
Foerster-Lasota y otros son la solución de un sistema in¿nito de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias usado para modelizar la dinámica de una población de c'elulas bajo
proliferación y maduración simultáneas.Barrachina Civera, X. (2013). Distributional chaos of C0-semigroups of operators [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/28241
TESIS
Premiado
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Enkler, Ludovic. "Le complexe multisysthématique AME de levure : dynamique de l'édifice et rôles non canoniques de ces composants." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ055/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les complexes multisynthétasiques (MSC) sont des complexes multi-protéiques identifiés dans un grand nombre d’organismes pro- et eucaryotes. Ils impliquent des protéines d’assemblages et des aminoacyl-ARNt synthétases (aaRSs), responsables de l’aminoacylation de leurs ARNts homologues au cours de la traduction. La taille et la composition des MSC varient selon les organismes, et le rôle de ces complexes n’est pas encore totalement compris. Il semblerait néanmoins que chez les eucaryotes, l’accrétion en complexe soit une stratégie mise en oeuvre par les cellules pour empêcher les aaRSs d’assurer des fonctions additionnelles. Chez S.cerevisiae,nous montrons que la dynamique du complexe AME, composé de la méthionyl- et de la glutamyl-ARNt synthétase (MRS et ERS) ainsi que de la protéine d’ancrage Arc1p, est dépendante du métabolisme de la levure. En respiration la MRS joue le rôle de facteur de transcription et régule l’expression des gènes nucléaires du complexe III et V de la chaîne respiratoire, tandis que l’ERS active la traduction mitochondriale. Cette étude montre que la relocalisation synchrone est primordiale pour l’adaptation des cellules au métabolisme respiratoireMultisynthetase complexes (MSC) are complexes made of several proteins and were identified in a wide variety of organisms from pro- to eukaryotes. They are usually made of assembly factors and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), which are responsible for the aminoacylation of their corresponding tRNAs during translation. Depending on the organisms, size and composition of these complexes differ greatly and their role is not fully understood yet. Although it seems that in eukaryotes, accretions of aaRSs into MSC prevent aaRSs to perform their additional functions. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we show that the dynamic of the AME complex, made of the méthionyl- and glutamyl-tRNA synthetases (MRS and ERS) and the assembly protein Arc1p is linkedto yeast metabolism. In respiration, MRS is imported in the nucleus to act as a transcription factor and regulates the expression of nuclear genes belonging to complex III and V of the respiratory chain, while ERS is imported in mitochondria to activate translation. This study shows that synchronous relocation of both aaRSs is crucial for yeast cells to adapt to respiratory metabolism
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Ptáček, Karel. "Vysokonapěťové struktury pro galvanickou iziolaci v integrovaných obvodech." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417477.
Full textAbstract:
Tato dizertační práce představuje novou techniku laterární rezonanční vazby, která je využita v návrhu galvanicky izolovaného posouvače úrovně, který je následně implementován v 800 V půlmůstkovém kontroléru pro průmyslové aplikace. Ve srovnání s tradičními galvanickými izolátory jsou výrobní náklady tohoto řešení nižší. Pro aplikace vyžadující vyšší úroveň galvanické izolace je popsán následný vývoj galvanicky izolovaného posouvače úrovně, který využívá pouze jeden galvanicky oddělený posouvač úrovní pro komunikaci v obou směrech, což výrazně snižuje plochu struktury izolátoru. Jako součást následného návrhu je představen galvanický izolátor který je schopen přenášet analogovou hodnotu napětí. Analogový izolátor byl testován v reálné aplikaci síťového spínaného zdroje jako náhrada standardního optočlenu. Tato konstrukce umožňuje integraci primárních a sekundárních obvodů v jednom pouzdře, což umožní snížit složitost a cenu spínaného zdroje.
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Knechtlová, Eva. "Významové a výrazové posuny v překladech z druhé ruky (na příkladech převodu nizozemských titulů přes němčinu)." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-326546.
Full textAbstract:
(in English): This Thesis deals with the phenomenon of indirect translation. Since indirect translation is still relatively common in the Czech culture, but at the same time rather understudied, the aim of this Thesis is to describe the phenomenon in more detail and with the help of an actual text analysis to investigate the influence this method has on the final translation. Two texts were chosen for the analysis, both written by the Dutch historian Johan Huizinga, being a characteristic sample of the bibliography of Czech indirect translations of Dutch written works. Compiling this bibliography was one of the tasks of this Thesis. It documents the extent to which indirect translation was used in past and present, and it also shows what kind of texts are most likely to be translated indirectly. Finally, the chosen texts were reduced (using sample method) to fragments that were then analysed in terms of stylistic and semantic shifts. According to the analysis the most common shifts appeared to the stylistic ones, mostly those that result in weakening the original style of the author in favour of the translator's own style. What the semantic shifts concerns, in comparison with the mediating translation they seem to occur twice as often in the mediated translation.
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Novotná, Jana. "Německé binomiály a možnosti jejich překladu do češtiny." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-389129.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma thesis deals with special phraseological units called binomials. The aim of this thesis is to analyse Czech translation options of German binomials. The thesis is divided into two parts: a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part of the thesis consists of the comparison of Czech and German approaches to phraseology and idiomatics based on the work of František Čermák and Harald Burger. Definitions of binomials in both approaches are compared and the topic of equivalence and the concept of translation procedures as drafted by Pavel Krejčí is introduced further in this part as well as the model of translation shifts by Anton Popovič. In the empirical part of the thesis, we concentrate on 100 units from the list of binomials put together by Wernfried Hofmeister in the Czech InterCorp corpus and examine the Czech translation options of these German binomials. Further, we analyse the translation variants primarily in terms of equivalence, translation shifts and procedures. In the conclusion of the thesis, the results are evaluated and possible areas of further research are recommended. Key words: binomials, phraseology, corpus, equivalence, translation procedures, translation shifts
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Krchová, Andrea. "Román De usynlige Roye Jacobsena v německém a českém překladu." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-369918.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this master's thesis is to create an analysis of the Czech and German translations of Roy Jacobsen's novel De usynlige, which was published by Cappelen Damm in 2013. The first part includes a biography of Roy Jacobsen and a literary analysis of his novel. Translators Jarka Vrbová. Gabriele Haefs and Andreas Brunstermann are introduced as well as interviewed. The mainstay of this thesis is to analyse the Czech and German translations. The analysis is focused on the lexical, syntactic and stylistic level and based on Jiří Levý's theory of a faithful and free translation. Afterwards, the translation methods in both translations are deduced and compared with each other. The thesis presents several topics in the field of publishing practices.
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Peterková, Michala. "Maxim Osipov. Setkání. Komentovaný překlad." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-334698.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this Master Thesis is to present an annotated literary translation of two chapters of the novella Vstrecha from Maxim Osipov's book, Grech zhalovatsya. The first part of this Master Thesis contains a translation of selected chapters from the novella Vstrecha. The second part, a commentary on the translation, includes information about the author and his work, style classification, the role of translation, vocabulary, intertextuality, characterization of translation methods, strategy of solving translation problems and typology of translation shifts.
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Korábová, Zuzana. "Komparace posunů v intersémiotickém a mezijazykovém překladu divadelní hry Václava Havla Odcházení." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-342911.
Full textAbstract:
The central focus of this Master's thesis is to describe, explain and classify intersemiotic translation within current translation studies. Given the interdisciplinary nature of the thesis, the theoretical part draws inspiration also from aesthetics, semiotics, adaptation, literary and film studies. Our findings are applied to the empirical material - interlingual and intersemiotic translation of Leaving by Václav Havel. Both translations are thoroughly analysed and the identified shifts are classified into categories primarily inspired by Anton Popovič's model of translation (1975, 1983). Comparison proved that the approach to intersemiotic translations/film adaptations as interlingual translation works. Although, there was a need to create new categories for some shifts in the film adaptation. Based on that, we propose a new model of intersemiotic translation, which could serve as inspiration for further research.
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Zábojová, Lenka. "Problematika překládání divadelních her se zaměřením na školní divadlo. Komentovaný překlad souboru dramat Davida Llorenteho Los árboles dormidos." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-335903.
Full textAbstract:
This work consists of three parts: the translation theory of drama and the specifics of school theatre, the translation of a play by David Llorente, Los árboles dormidos, and a commentary discussing the translation. The theoretical part focuses on problems and characteristics of translations of this genre. The commentary to the translation includes a translation analysis, a discussion of the translation problems and their solutions, and a typology of translation shifts. Keywords: Recipient, paradox, obsolescence of translation, scenic notes, school theatre, amateur theatre, translation analysis, translation shifts.
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Vranckx, Peter. "The ethics of semantic shifts in literary translation : a comparative analysis case study of Beauchemin's Le matou and its English and Spanish versions, The alley cat and Gatuperios." Thesis, 2003. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/2161/1/MQ83845.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Examining the relevant socio-politico-economic background and using as a framework Susem-Sarajeva's multiple-unit comparative analysis model and incorporating Leuven-Zwart's translation-shift terminology, this case study seeks to demonstrate how the English rendering of Yves Beauchemin's Le Matou exhibits significant oppositional shifts. These shifts see the target text neutralizing potentially offensive source-text elements (with respect to Jewish characters) and transforming narrational neutrality into subjectively coloured renderings (with regard to French Canadians and indépendantistes ). Such shifts, which I view as manifestations of "sanitization" and "reverse xenophobia", respectively, are important to study because they result in a wholly different presentation of two related key elements in the source text. These elements are mistrust--manifested in anti-Semitism--of non-fellow francophone Quebecers seen as helping to thwart the majority's collective aspirations, and a people's will to be autonomous politically and economically. Such textual changes raise serious questions about central translation issues of equivalence, the translator's duty to convey the essence of the author's message to the receiving-culture readership, and the ethics of semantic shifts in a literary translation. I argue that The Alley Cat , compared with Gatuperios, the Spanish translation, cannot be considered--in its entirety--an authentic representation of the original and therefore should be viewed as an adapted version of the source text and labeled accordingly.
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Chimoni, Justus. "Decision-Making in Literary Translation: A Descriptive Study of Swahili Literary Translations." 2016. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72888.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the notion of “shifts” in Swahili literary translations within a wider context of communication and focuses on the translators’ role and goals, which shape and direct both the process and the product of translation. The study is intended to answer the broad question of why Swahili literary translations appear as refracted as they are hence, it is, an inquiry into the make-up of Swahili literary translations, as they exist in the target culture. Of key importance to this research is the broad view of translation as mediated inter-lingual communication. Based on such a view, this study proceeds on the general assumption that translation is a rewriting of an original text and as such it not only reflects a certain ideology and a poetics but also manipulates literature to function in society in a certain way (Lefevere, 2002, p. xi). The fundamental contention of this thesis is that since translation involves active intervention of translators through transformation rather than identity and similarity, research on the personal goals of translators is inevitable in order to explain ‘departure/shifts’ in the translations produced. Essentially, this research takes a target-oriented approach, which means that it answers questions about Swahili literary translations without reducing them to objects that are only explicable in terms of their source. Instead of viewing translations as bound to their source orientation and expect them to be as close as possible to the source texts, in both form and content, the present study explores the notion that translation is a process that involves decisions and choices of agents towards fulfillment of certain goals (Hermans, 1999, p. 39). On this basis, the study makes use of the descriptive target-oriented framework that contextualizes the activities of translation actors (agents) in functional terms, effectively countering the thinking that a translated text is or should be a mere reproduction of the source text. Consistent with these theoretical explorations, the empirical investigation corroborates the theoretical discussion by utilizing explanatory descriptive methods. The research findings of this investigation offer corroborative evidence that Swahili literary translations are complex artifacts at the intersection of process and skopos.