Relevant bibliographies by topics / Unit prices

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Unit prices'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 2 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Unit prices"

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Yao, Jun, and Harmen Oppewal. "Unit pricing matters more when consumers are under time pressure." European Journal of Marketing 50, no. 5/6 (2016): 1094–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-03-2015-0122.

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Purpose This paper aims to first investigate how unit pricing affects consumers’ grocery purchase decisions and perceptions of the shopping task’s information load. The second goal is to test how time pressure enhances the behavioural and perceptual effects of displaying unit prices. Design/methodology/approach Two on-line experiments were conducted using national samples of shoppers. In Study 1, participants indicated their choices and perceptions in an inter-brand shopping scenario where prepackaged products have conflicting positions on retail price and unit price. In Study 2, participants
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Majumder, Amita, Ranjan Ray, and Sattwik Santra. "The spatial price map of India drawn using pseudo unit values." Indian Growth and Development Review 13, no. 3 (2020): 537–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/igdr-09-2019-0092.

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Purpose This study aims to apply a proposed methodology for calculating spatial prices in a heterogeneous country setting such as India with limited price information. Based on the empirical evidence, the study plans to draw the spatial price map of India with different colours denoting states and districts with varying level of spatial prices. Design/methodology/approach This study shows that a procedure proposed by Lewbel (1989), based on the idea by Barten (1964) that household composition changes have “quasi-price effects”, can be used to estimate spatial prices in the absence of informati
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Zambo, Ron. "Percents Can Make Sense." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 13, no. 7 (2008): 418–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.13.7.0418.

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Supermarkets often list sale prices in terms of how many items for how much. For example, recently I saw that Snickers bars were advertised at 8 bars for $3 and cans of SpaghettiOs were selling at 4 for $5. Are those good prices? How much is it if I buy only one bar or can? The price of one bar or one can is called the unit price. One way to think about unit price in the setting of these sale prices is to think about fraction-to-percent equivalents. This article describes instructional activities designed to help students develop both an understanding of, and mental math abilities for, the mul
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Vollmer, Sebastian, Inmaculada Martínez-Zarzoso, and Felicitas Nowak-Lehmann D. "Unit Values, Productivity, and Trade - Determinants of Spanish Export Strength." Global Economy Journal 9, no. 3 (2009): 1850169. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1402.

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In this paper we assess the current relevance of different sources of international competitiveness. Relative prices, labor costs, and productivity are evaluated as determinants of a country's international competitiveness at the industry level. Working with detailed data on unit values and with industry data on productivity, we empirically implement a MacDougall-type model for Spanish and French trade to Brazil, China, Japan, and the U.S. The period under study is 1980 to 2001 and we distinguish in our analysis between homogenous, reference-priced, and differentiated goods. Our results indica
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Chakraborty, Indranil, and Richard Engelbrecht-Wiggans. "Asymptotic prices in uniform-price multi-unit auctions." Economic Theory 26, no. 4 (2005): 983–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00199-004-0549-6.

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Sikora, Adam Tomasz, and Joanna Ukalska. "Timber prices after natural disasters in the Forest District of Węgierska Górka." Forest Research Papers 75 (2) (June 1, 2014): 201–12. https://doi.org/10.2478/frp-2014-0019.

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The aim of the study was to determine the impact of increased timber logging after natural disasters on timber assortments, unit prices, as well as average prices of timber spruce and total timber. The net sales prices of the years 2004–2010, available from the database of the State Forests Information System (SFIS) for the Forest District of Węgierska Górka, were analysed and compared to the prices of selected forest districts within the Regional Directorate of State Forests in Cracow (RDSF). The forest districts were classified based on the volume of logged timber leading to a s
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Hamzah, Hamzah, Sugeng Winardi, Poly Endrayanto Eko Chrismawan, and Rainbow Tambunan. "Robust Stock Price Prediction using Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU)." International Journal of Informatics and Computation 5, no. 1 (2023): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35842/ijicom.v5i1.56.

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Forecasting the direction of price movement of the stock market could yield significant profits. Traders use technical analysis, which is the study of price by scrutinizing past prices, to forecast the future price of the nickel stock price. Therefore, in this study, we propose Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) to predict nickel stock price trends. This research aims to produce an accurate nickel stock price trend prediction model. The research method utilized historical data on nickel stock prices from Yahoo Finance. The research results show that the model developed accurately predicted nickel sto
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Yeboah, Osei, Saleem Shaik, and Albert Allen. "Exchange Rates Impacts on Agricultural Inputs Prices using VAR." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 41, no. 2 (2009): 511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800002960.

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The effects of the U.S. dollar exchange rate versus the Mexican peso are evaluated for four traded nonfarm-produced inputs (fertilizer, chemicals, farm machinery, and feed) in the U.S. Unit root tests suggest that the exchange rate and the four input price ratios support the presence of unit roots with a trend model but the presence unit roots can be rejected in the first difference model. This result is consistent with a fixed price/flex price conceptual framework, with industrial prices more likely to be unresponsive to the exchange rate than farm commodity prices.
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Cheng, Kai-Wen, Ce Shang, Hye Myung Lee, et al. "Costs of vaping: evidence from ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey." Tobacco Control 30, no. 1 (2020): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055344.

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Study objectivesTo compare the prices paid for nicotine vaping products (NVPs) and supplies among current NVP users to prices paid for cigarettes among current smokers.DataThe 2016 International Tobacco Control Four Country Vaping and Smoking Survey (4CV1). Key measures included: (1) self-reported prices paid for reusable NVPs (eg, rechargeable devices with cartridges and tank system devices with e-liquids) in the 3-month period prior to the survey among current NVP users, (2) prices paid for disposable NVPs, cartridges and e-liquids purchased in the last 30 days among current NVP users and (3
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Utama, Dani Chandra. "Pengaruh Inovasi Produk dan Harga Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Sepeda Motor Honda di Kota Bekasi." Jurnal Perspektif 17, no. 1 (2019): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31294/jp.v17i1.5320.

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This study aimed to analyze the impact of innovation and price on purchase decisions. The research was carried out at different places to get a full range of respondents. The sample was the owner of the vehicle Honda motorcycle in Bekasi totaling 150 respondents. Regression analysis techniques were used to analyze the impact of innovation and price of the purchasing decision is by using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). The analysis showed that the product innovation and significant positive effect on purchasing decisions, each increase of one unit in the variable product inn
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Unit prices"

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Melinder, Johanna, and Katja Melnikova. "Housing prices, stock prices and interest rates: a cointegration analyses of the Stockholm region." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295656.

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This study examines the dynamic interaction between housing prices, stock prices and the repo rate in the Stockholm region by using the Johansen tests for cointegration. Several studies have been done on this topic, but the results are mixed across the world, and not many have been done in Scandinavia. This study contributes to the literature by examining eleven years of monthly data for the housing prices in the Stockholm region. We find evidence of a long-run relationship between housing prices, stock prices and the interest rate. There is a negative relationship between housing prices and t
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MAURO, MANUEL. "Social effect on Envy-Freeness and discrimination of prices in multi-unit markets." Doctoral thesis, Gran Sasso Science Institute, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12571/9981.

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Multi-unit markets model the real-world scenario in which a seller is willing to sell multiple copies of a single good to many buyers, like in the case of commodities, retailer goods, subscriptions, etc., but they are also a powerful abstraction for resource allocation problems, such as power supply in manufacture systems, cargo space in transportation industry, bandwidths in the radio spectrum, and many more. The basic model is commonly enriched with a number of constraints in order to more closely describe settings typically arising in practice, such as a limited supply of items, customers’
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Xu, Miao. "The Exchange Rate and U.S./Canadian Relative Agricultural Prices." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34863.

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The law of one price (LOP) plays an important role as a building block in theories of international trade and exchange rate determination. It also serves as a measure of integration for international commodity markets. The LOP states that in competitive markets after adjustment for transportation costs and trade barriers, identical commodities sold in different countries should sell for the same price when their prices are defined in a common currency. The existing economic literature provides a vast body of theoretical and empirical investigations of the validity of the LOP. In general, pr
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Kurdadze, Tamara, and Jurgita Simaityte. "The Effect of Per-Unit Ethanol Tax on Wine Prices : A Comparative Perspective: Sweden and Germany." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-28388.

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After Swedish alcohol retail monopoly, Systembolaget, changed the taxation for alcohol sold in retail stores according to its absolute alcohol content in 1992, Ponicki et al. (1997) used this opportunity to examine the effect of per-unit alcohol tax on the prices of spirits, comparing before and after, and found that beverages from higher price range experienced a relatively smaller rise in price in percentage terms than the beverages from lower price range, which can be described as compression of prices. This paper builds on the statement and findings by Ponicki et al. in 1997 and looks at w
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Bedřichová, Eva. "Aplikace vnitropodnikových cen v konkrétním podniku." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-116502.

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The aim of my thesis " The settlement of intra-group supplies in the company" is the way of intra-group supplies settling. The first practical part is focused on a description of intra-group supplies, intra-group prices, which are set for the supplies, and settling. Regarding to the analysis of the current settings of intra-group prices, in the second part it is supposed to be found improvement that could bring the company lower costs and higher performance.
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Hassan, Mohamed Elhafiz. "Power Plant Operation Optimization : Unit Commitment of Combined Cycle Power Plants Using Machine Learning and MILP." Thesis, mohamed-ahmed@siemens.com, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-395304.

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In modern days electric power systems, the penetration of renewable resources and the introduction of free market principles have led to new challenges facing the power producers and regulators. Renewable production is intermittent which leads to fluctuations in the grid and requires more control for regulators, and the free market principle raises the challenge for power plant producers to operate their plants in the most profitable way given the fluctuating prices. Those problems are addressed in the literature as the Economic Dispatch, and they have been discussed from both regulator and pr
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Kasza, Radomír. "Porovnání výše cenových podílů jednotlivých konstrukcí na celkové ceně stavby uvedené v cenovém předpisu a stanovené položkovým rozpočtem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233115.

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The thesis compares the level of price of shares of individual construction of three houses, which were valued at cost method. The individual values are compared with the prices of detailed itemized budgets and assessed variations, differences and any discrepancies against to the cost method of valuation based on valuation Ministry of Finance Decree. Work also includes the concepts and terminology of engaging with this issue, which lays the foundation for a proper understanding and orientation in pricing shares buildings.
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Park, Sungwook. "Three essays on long run movements of real exchange rates." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1180465881.

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Reyes, Jorge R. "A Behavioral Economic Analysis of the Demand for Money in Humans." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2704/.

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This study investigated the effects of unit price structure, unit price descriptions, and unit price sequence on the demand for money in humans. Six groups of 3 participants solved multiplication problems in exchange for money under various unit prices. Consumption of money decreased as the unit price increased across all conditions. However, the data also showed that: (a) fixed price structures produced slightly more elastic demand than did variable price structures, (b) price descriptions produced more elastic demand under variable price structures but had little or no effect under fixed pri
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Okuslug, Ali. "Price Based Unit Commitment With Reserve Considerations." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615475/index.pdf.

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In electricity markets of modern electric power systems, many generation companies, as major market participants, aim to maximize their profits by supplying the electrical load in a competitive manner. This thesis is devoted to investigate the price based unit commitment problem which is used to optimize generation schedules of these companies in deregulated electricity markets. The solution algorithm developed is based on Dynamic Programming and Lagrange Relaxation methods and solves the optimization problem for a generation company having many generating units with different cost characteris
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Books on the topic "Unit prices"

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United States. Bureau of International Labor Affairs, ed. Measurement errors in unit-value proxies for import prices. U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of International Labor Affairs, 1987.

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Deneckere, Raymond. Capacity-constrained price competition when unit costs differ. Institute for Research in the Behavioral, Economic, and Management Sciences, Krannert Graduate School of Management, Purdue University, 1989.

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Silver, M. S. Do unit value export, import, and terms of trade indices represent or misrepresent price indices? International Monetary Fund, Statistics Dept., 2007.

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L, Dietrich Norman, ed. Kerr's cost data for landscape construction: 1993 unit prices for site development. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1993.

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Gnos, Claude. L' ECU, instrument de la politique agricole commune. Editions universitaires de Dijon, 1989.

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Shiller, Robert J. Designing indexed units of account. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999.

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Ministers, Nordic Council of, ed. Unit price: A modern method for consumer price information. Nordic Council of Ministers, 1994.

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Company, R. S. Means, ed. Unit price estimating methods. 4th ed. Reed Construction Data, 2007.

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R, Waier Phillip, and R. S. Means Company, eds. Unit price estimating methods. 3rd ed. R.S. Means, CMD., 2002.

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Shiller, Robert J. Indexed units of account: Theory and assessment of historical experience. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Unit prices"

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van de Wiel, A. "Unit 7 Prices and budgetcontrol." In Engels. Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-8082-4_7.

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Osborne, Martin J., and Ariel Rubinstein. "Equilibrium with prices and expectations." In Models in Microeconomic Theory, 2nd ed. Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0362.13.

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In the models of markets we have discussed so far, equilibrium prices make the individuals’ decisions compatible. Each individual takes the prices as given when deciding on his action, and at the equilibrium prices the demand and supply of every good are equal. In this chapter, an individual’s behavior is affected not only by the prices but also by his expectations regarding other parameters. Each individual takes these expectations, like the prices, as given. In equilibrium, each individual behaves optimally, the supply and demand for each good are equal, and the expectations of individuals a
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Osborne, Martin J., and Ariel Rubinstein. "Equilibrium with prices and expectations." In Models in Microeconomic Theory, 2nd ed. Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0361.13.

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In the models of markets we have discussed so far, equilibrium prices make the individuals’ decisions compatible. Each individual takes the prices as given when deciding on her action, and at the equilibrium prices the demand and supply of every good are equal. In this chapter, an individual’s behavior is affected not only by the prices but also by her expectations regarding other parameters. Each individual takes these expectations, like the prices, as given. In equilibrium, each individual behaves optimally, the supply and demand for each good are equal, and the expectations of individuals a
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Nagasawa, Keisuke, Katsumi Morikawa, and Katsuhiko Takahashi. "Sustainable Sugarcane Supply Chain Network Design with Multiple Capacity Candidate in Facility Units." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-93891-7_82.

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Abstract The sugarcane supply chain is rapidly gaining attention because unstable and rising fossil fuel prices, environmental limitations, and the energy needs of growing economies in developing countries are driving demand for clean, renewable energy. Bioenergy continues to attract attention from researchers because of its various advantages over other renewable energy sources. This paper developed a mixed-integer linear programming model (MILP) to design a sustainable sugarcane-based bioenergy supply chain network to optimize a facility location and transportation flow amount for decision v
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Derakhshan, Mahsa, David M. Pennock, and Aleksandrs Slivkins. "Beating Greedy For Approximating Reserve Prices in Multi-Unit VCG Auctions." In Proceedings of the 2021 ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA). Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611976465.68.

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Dunnett, Stephen B., James Winslow, Tomasz Schneider, et al. "Unit Price." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_494.

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Leimbach, Judy, Kathy Leimbach, and Mary Lou Johnson. "Sale Prices." In Math Extension Units. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003236481-40.

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Dau Jarama, Gabriela, Segundo F. Vilema-Escudero, Jaime Moisés Samaniego López, and Marlon Manya Orellana. "Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Energy Intensity: Evidence from Latin American Countries." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87065-1_31.

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Abstract This study investigates the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on energy intensity in Latin American countries. Using a balanced panel data model covering 13 countries in the region during the period 2000–2017, it analyzes how FDI influences the amount of energy consumed per unit of gross domestic product (GDP) at constant 2018 prices. The results show that FDI can reduce energy intensity through the transfer of efficient technologies and the promotion of sustainable management practices. However, the effect varies significantly between countries, depending on factors such as i
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Himbert, Lena. "Categorization and Review of Unit Price Research." In Unit Pricing. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-13476-1_2.

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"Building Prices per Functional Unit." In Spon's Architects' and Builders' Price Book 2013. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12706-23.

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Conference papers on the topic "Unit prices"

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Umezuruike, Chinecherem, Deborah Olaniyan, Julius Olaniyan, Abidemi Emmanuel Adeniyi, Adedoyin Oyebade, and David Abaneme. "Comparative Analysis of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and Transformer Models in Predicting Stock Prices." In 2024 IEEE 5th International Conference on Electro-Computing Technologies for Humanity (NIGERCON). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/nigercon62786.2024.10927198.

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Isella, Andrea, Alfonso Pascarella, Angelo Matichecchia, Raffaele Ostuni, and Davide Manca. "Conceptual design of energy storage systems for continuous operations in renewable-powered chemical processes." In The 35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. PSE Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.145015.

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This work aims to develop an energy storage system that allows fluctuating energy inputs (i.e. from process sections driven by renewable sources) to power two process units that are operated continuously at different temperatures. The system consists of two vessels storing diathermal mediums: one for the hotter- and the other for the colder-energy fluxes. The investigated solutions include sensible-heat-, latent-heat-, and thermochemical-TES (thermal energy storage). Organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) with lithium-ion batteries and thermoelectric generators were also assessed. Indeed, all these tec
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Xu, Wenle, Baohua Chen, and Tong Qiu. "Integration of Yield Gradient Information in Numerical Modeling of the Fluid Catalytic Cracking Process." In The 35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. PSE Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.173697.

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Fluid catalytic cracking is a crucial process in the refining industry, capable of converting lower-quality feedstocks into higher-value products. Due to the variability in feedstock properties and fluctuations in product market prices, timely adjustment and optimization of the FCC unit are essential. In this context, data-driven models have garnered increasing attention for their capacity to handle the complex, nonlinear reactions involved in the FCC process. However, on account of the limited operating range of the plants and the black-box nature of data-driven models, relying solely on thes
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Brouwer, Gijs J. A., Tamara Jankovic, Adrie J. J. Straathof, Anton A. Kiss, and John A. Posada. "Green Industrial-Scale Plant Design for Syngas Fermentation to Isopropyl Alcohol and Acetone: Economic and Environmental Sustainability Assessment." In The 35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. PSE Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.167278.

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Steel mill off gas fermentation presents a promising green alternative to petrochemical isopropyl alcohol (isopropanol, IPA) and acetone production while potentially reducing greenhouse gas emissions. A pilot-scale study stated negative global warming potential (GWP) at 85% gas conversion and 90% product selectivity. However, industrial-scale plant design including detailed techno-economic assessment (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) remain undescribed. Therefore, this study modelled a heat-integrated 47.5 kton/ year gas fermentation process to IPA and acetone, based on pilot-scale data. T
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Gooden, Brad. "Abrasive Selection Economics - Cost or Price?" In Coatings+ 2019. SSPC, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2019-00022.

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The easiest way to compare abrasives is to look at the price per unit (i.e. price per ton or price per pound). If only it were that easy! Unfortunately comparing the price per unit assumes that all abrasives perform the same - and we all know that is not the case.
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Li, Chenxi, Nilay Shah, Zheng Li, and Pei Liu. "Companies� Operation and Trading Strategies under the Triple Trading and Gaming of Electricity, Carbon Quota and Commodities: A Game Theory Optimization Modeling." In The 35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. PSE Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.126765.

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Electricity and carbon trading towards carbon reduction are highly coupled. The research on joint trading is essential for helping companies identify optimal strategies and enabling policymakers to detect potential policy loopholes. This study presents a novel game theory optimization model involving both power generation companies (GenCos) and factories to explore optimal operation strategies under electricity-carbon joint trading. By fully capturing the operational characteristics of power generation units and the technical energy consumption of electricity-consuming enterprises, it describe
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Berger, D. M. "Repainting Power Generation Facilities Using Zinc Rich Primers." In CORROSION 1986. NACE International, 1986. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1986-86024.

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Abstract Modern painting practices utilize zinc rich primers to combat corrosion of structural steel. Three different modes of the use of zinc rich primers is discussed; prime and finish in the shop, prime coat only then finish years later, repaint deteriorated and corroded steel years later. The problems experienced and the types of paint systems used are discussed. The advent of zinc rich primers has promulgated the largest singular advancement in protective coatings for structural steel. Steel Structures of modern construction are mainly protected by the galvanic mechanism offered by the us
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Flammini, Michele, Manuel Mauro, and Matteo Tonelli. "On Fair Price Discrimination in Multi-Unit Markets." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/34.

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Discriminatory pricing policies, even if at first glance can be perceived as unfair, are widespread. In fact, pricing differences for the same item among different national markets are common, or forms of discrimination based on the time of purchase, like in tickets' sales. In this work we propose a framework for capturing the setting of ``fair'' discriminatory pricing and study its application to multi-unit markets, in which many copies of the same item are on sale. Our model is able to incorporate the fundamental discrimination settings proposed in the literature, by expressing individual bu
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Tengiz, Yusuf Ziya, and Zehra Meliha Tengiz. "A Study on Beef Price in Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02213.

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Beef prices in Turkey is increased for long time. That outcome is caused to find out the reasons which are variables related to beef prices. The target of this study is to clarify relationship of beef price and its independent variables with a regression model. Data analyzed with SPSS 23.0. Based on the model’s equation, the independent variables which are average world beef unit price (USD), per capita beef consumption in Turkey (kg), government livestock incentives (TRY), consumer price index on beef (%), exchange rate (USD/TRY), real effective exchange rate (%) and gross domestic national p
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Etim, Ntietemi, Gabriel Umoh, and Christopher Oko. "Comparative Analysis of Techniques for Unit Operation Cost Computation in Hydrocarbon Assets with Multiple Products." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/221655-ms.

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Abstract One of the major challenges of the oil industry is the volatility of oil prices. To mitigate the impact of the oil price uncertainty, there are several techniques for monitoring the efficiency and profitability of an oil and gas asset, one of them being the Unit Operating Cost (UOC) analysis. The UOC is mathematically expressed as the ratio of total OPEX to the volume of hydrocarbon produced. This ratio is also the same for assets where both oil and gas are commercialised but would require a measure of equivalence of the various hydrocarbon types for the computation of the composite h
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Reports on the topic "Unit prices"

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Kim, Changmo, Ghazan Khan, Brent Nguyen, and Emily L. Hoang. Development of a Statistical Model to Predict Materials’ Unit Prices for Future Maintenance and Rehabilitation in Highway Life Cycle Cost Analysis. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1806.

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The main objectives of this study are to investigate the trends in primary pavement materials’ unit price over time and to develop statistical models and guidelines for using predictive unit prices of pavement materials instead of uniform unit prices in life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) for future maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) projects. Various socio-economic data were collected for the past 20 years (1997–2018) in California, including oil price, population, government expenditure in transportation, vehicle registration, and other key variables, in order to identify factors affecting
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Sweitzer, Megan, Anne T. Byrne, Elina T. Page, et al. Development of the Food-at-Home Monthly Area Prices data. Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2024. https://doi.org/10.32747/2024.8754865.ers.

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The Food-at-Home Monthly Area Prices (F-MAP) data product provides detailed food price data to support a broad range of food economics research, supplementing existing public food price data. The data product contains monthly mean unit values and 6 price index measures for 90 food-at-home categories across 10 major metropolitan areas and 4 census regions. This report introduces the USDA, Economic Research Service (ERS) Food Purchase Groups (EFPGs) food classification system and describes the methods used to construct the F-MAP data product using weighted retail scanner data from 2016 to 2018.
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Martinez-Carrasco, José, Otavio Conceição, and Ana Lúcia Dezolt. More Information, Lower Price? Access Market-based Reference Prices and Gains in Public Procurement Efficiency. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004794.

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The paper examines the impact of providing market-based reference prices on public procurement efficiency in Brazil. Specifically, the study focuses on the State Secretariat of Health (SES) in Rio Grande do Sul and the algorithm developed by the local tax administration to calculate representative reference prices for pharmaceutical products. Unlike previous studies, reference prices are calculated based on the universe of local business-to-business transactions. The study finds that SES procurement officers access to this information caused a significant reduction in purchase unit prices, par
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Bastos, Paulo, Lucio Castro, Julian P. Cristia, and Carlos Scartascini. Does Energy Consumption Respond to Price Shocks?: Evidence from a Regression-Discontinuity Design. Inter-American Development Bank, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011197.

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This paper exploits unique features of a recently introduced tariff schedule for natural gas in Buenos Aires to estimate the short-run impact of price shocks on residential energy utilization. The schedule induces a non-linear and non-monotonic relationship between households' accumulated consumption and unit prices, thus generating an exogenous source of variation in perceived prices, which is exploited in a regression-discontinuity design. The estimates reveal that a price increase in the utility bill received by consumers causes a substantial and prompt decline in gas consumption. Hence the
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Nsabimana, Aimable. Analysis of household demand patterns using household data: Re-thinking the use of unit values or community prices. UNU-WIDER, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2024/480-9.

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Sayeh, Watheq, Imad Al-Qadi, and Ramez Hajj. Utilizing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement in Preservation Treatments. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/23-022.

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The use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has economic and environmental impacts. This report investigates the prospective use of RAP in preservation treatments (mainly chip sealing and microsurfacing) in Illinois. A review of the current state of knowledge and practice was conducted. The economic and logistic feasibility of using RAP in preservation treatments in Illinois were investigated. Data were collected on RAP availability in the state followed by a survey distributed to district engineers and highway construction contractors. The survey asked about the availability of RAP, its viabi
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Quak, Evert-janq. An Overlooked Market: Loose Cigarettes, Informal Vendors, and Their Implications for Tobacco Taxation. Institute of Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2024.095.

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There is substantial evidence worldwide on tobacco taxation and its effectiveness as a tool to control tobacco use. However, a crucial aspect of the market for cigarettes in many low- and middle-income countries has been ignored – the prevalence for selling loose (single) cigarettes, rather than packs of cigarettes. This Research in Brief explores this mostly informal market for loose cigarettes, its dynamics, and unintended policy effects. Analysis of two main sources of data – the African Cigarettes Prices Project from the Research Unit on the Economics of Excisable Products (REEP), and data
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Hodges, Leslie, David E. Davis, and Jessica E. Todd. Manufacturers' bids for infant formula rebate contracts, 2013-23. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 2025. https://doi.org/10.32747/2025.9015818.ers.

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The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides participating formula fed infants with free infant formula. This study estimates that, in 2020, about half of all infant formula in the United States was consumed by WIC infants. Federal law requires that WIC State agencies use a cost containment system to reduce infant formula costs. Most State agencies use a single supplier, competitively bid rebate program. The State agency awards a contract to the infant formula manufacturer offering the lowest net wholesale price per unit of infant formula, defined
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Gohin, Alex, and Thomas Hertel. A Note on the CES Functional Form and Its Use in the GTAP Model. GTAP Research Memoranda, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.rm02.

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The purpose of this note is to provide an exhaustive reference for those interested in learning more about the Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) function and its use in the representation of producer behavior in the GTAP model. Particular attention is paid to the role of technical change variables and their effect on cost minimizing demands and input shares. This note is divided into three sections. In the first section, the basic cost minimization problem is laid out and conditional factor demands, as well as the unit cost function, are derived. In section two, this system of equation
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Gonzalez Diez, Verónica M., Alessandro Maffioli, Pablo Ibarrarán, and Sandra Rozo. The Impact of Technology Adoption on Agricultural Productivity: The Case of the Dominican Republic. Inter-American Development Bank, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011181.

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This paper is part of the project 'Ex-post Evaluation of the IDB Agricultural Technology Uptake Programs.' This paper evaluates the impact of agricultural extension services in the Dominican Republic and analyzes the direct impact of the Program for Technological Support in the Agricultural Sector (PATCA). The analysis relies on a unique dataset gathered by PATCA's executing unit in 2008 and the survey included 1,572 farmers operating in crop growing, breeding or milk production. Using a propensity score matching technique, the authors found that the technologies financed through PATCA effecti
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