Relevant bibliographies by topics / Urdu

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Urdu'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Urdu"

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Alam, Mehreen, and Sibt Ul Hussain. "Roman-Urdu-Parl: Roman-Urdu and Urdu Parallel Corpus for Urdu Language Understanding." ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 21, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3464424.

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Availability of corpora is a basic requirement for conducting research in a particular language. Unfortunately, for a morphologically rich language like Urdu, despite being used by over a 100 million people around the globe, the dearth of corpora is a major reason for the lack of attention and advancement in research. To this end, we present the first-ever large-scale publicly available Roman-Urdu parallel corpus, Roman-Urdu-Parl, with 6.37 million sentence-pairs. It is a huge corpus collected from diverse sources, annotated using crowd-sourcing techniques, and also assured for quality. It has a total of 92.76 million Roman-Urdu words, 92.85 million Urdu words, Roman-Urdu vocabulary of 42.9 K words, and Urdu vocabulary of 43.8 K words. Roman-Urdu-Parl has been built to ensure that it not only captures the morphological and linguistic features of the language but also the heterogeneity and variations arising due to demographic conditions. We validate the authenticity and quality of our corpus by using it to address two natural language processing research problems, that is, on learning word embeddings and building a machine transliteration system. Our contribution of the corpus leads to exceptional results in both settings, for example, our machine transliteration system sets a new state-of-the-art with a Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) score of 84.67. We believe that Roman-Urdu-Parl can serve as fuel for igniting and advancing works in many research areas related to the Urdu language.
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Octaviani, Anisa. "TAHLIL AL MUFRODATI AL 'ARABIYYATI AL DAKHILATI ILA AL LUGHATI AL URDIYYATI." Nazharat: Jurnal Kebudayaan 27, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30631/nazharat.v27i1.55.

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This study discusses the analysis of Arabic vocabulary into Urdu. Urdu is one of the languages in India and is the official language in Pakistan and Bangladesh. Urdu language with its development is heavily influenced by Arabic because during the Islamic era, its expansion was very rapid in the Indian Subcontinent.The purpose of this study is to: ) Knowing what Arabic vocabulary is used by Urdu in the Google Play Store application ) Knowing the changes in writing Arabic vocabulary into Urdu. ) Knowing the sound changes in Arabic vocabulary into Urdu. ) Knowing the changes in the meaning of Arabic vocabulary into Urdu. The type of research used is qualitative research. It can be concluded from the results of this study: ) There are Arabic vocabulary that goes into Urdu on the Google Play Store application ) There is a change in writing Arabic vocabulary that goes into Urdu ) There is a change in the sound of Arabic vocabulary that goes into Urdu. in urdu ) There is a change in the meaning of arabic vocabulary into urdu.
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Akbar, Dr Sumaira, Dr Abdul Aziz Malik, and Dr Rabia Sarfraz. "Services of Radio Pakistan in the Promotion of Urdu Language & Literature." Noor e Tahqeeq 7, no. 03 (September 26, 2023): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/nooretahqeeq.2023.07032021.

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Radio is one of the most amazing and effective inventions of the last century. Radio Pakistan came into being with the independence of Pakistan in 1947. From the very beginning, Radio Pakistan made many efforts for the promotion and development of Urdu language, consciously and unconsciously. Urdu programs were started from Radio Pakistan to acquaint people with Urdu language. Later, Urdu experts were hired to correct the accent and pronunciation of Urdu language. The services of Radio Pakistan are very important in popularizing Urdu poetry through music. Drama is an important genre of literature and radio played an important role in bringing and popularizing Urdu drama to the masses. Many radio dramas of Radio Pakistan were later published in book form and proved to be an important addition to Urdu literature. Another important service of Radio Pakistan in relation to the promotion of Urdu language and literature is the publication of the Urdu radio magazine "Ahang". "Ahang" is the only Urdu magazine of Pakistan which has been continuously published since 1948. In short, services of Radio Pakistan for the promotion of Urdu language and literature have been assessed thoroughly.
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Afzal, Nimra, Shoaib Waqas, Muhammad Tariq, Asifa Javaid, and Hafiz Muhammad Asim. "Translation and Validation Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia in Urdu Language for Cerebral Palsy Patients." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2216958.

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Aim: To translate the Scale for assessment and rating of Ataxia from English to Urdu language Methods: The study employed a linguistic validation study design with a non-random sample approach and was done at different clinical setups of Lahore. Parents of children with ataxic cerebral palsy with children aged 2 to 15 years old who speak Urdu should contact us. Sara's English version was translated into Urdu by two translators, one with a medical background and the other with a technical background in Urdu, both proficient in Urdu and English. Two individuals with medical and technology backgrounds who are competent in Urdu to English translation reverse translated the translated versions of SARA-Urdu I and SARA-Urdu II into English. The re-translated versions of SARA-Urdu I and SARA-Urdu II were translated back into English (SARA English III and SARA English IV). The translated versions were compared and generated a new Urdu version SARA Urdu-V. The data was entered into the SPSS version 23 application, which was also used to analyze it. Results: The translated version of the SARA scale has a Cronbach's alpha of 0.883. The inter-item correlation between the total SARA score and the eight domains of gait, stance, sitting, speech disturbance, finger chase, nose finger test, fast alternating hand movements, and heel shin slide was 0.131, 0.046, 0.159, 0.188, 0.136, 0.400, 0.698, and 0.450, respectively, after the translation of the Urdu version of SARA. For test retest reliability, the Pearson correlation value varied from 0.400 to 0.842. Conclusion: The Urdu version of SARA has appropriate internal consistency and fair inter-item correlation, and hence may be utilized by Urdu speakers. Keywords: Cerebral palsy, Cerebellar ataxia, Scale for assessment and rating of Ataxia
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Hashmi, Sana Mahmood Qureshi. "Syntactic Analysis of Urdu Case Clitics as Postpositions in Comparison with English Prepositions." Global Social Sciences Review IX, no. I (March 30, 2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(ix-i).01.

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The differences between Urdu and English pose many challenges for learners in Pakistan. One of them is the functioning of ‘Urdu case clitics as postpositions in comparison with English prepositions’. ‘Case Theory’ by Chomsky and Lasnik in 1977 has been implemented to qualitatively analyze whether Urdu accusative, dative and instrumental case clitics can function as Urdu postpositions in comparison with English prepositions. The study's major findings demonstrate that Urdu accusative case clitic ‘KO’ as well as Urdu dative case clitic ‘KO’ do not have structural compatibility with the English preposition ‘to’, hence, cannot be determined as Urdu postpositions. However, instrumental ‘se’ case clitics are harmonious to English prepositions to be called Urdu postpositions, for their placement in a sentence in relation to the noun they are modifying. The study also concludes the recommendation of further research to analyze the semantic properties of Urdu case clitics in comparison with English prepositions.
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Muhammad Hassaan Rafiq, Shiza Gul Niazi, and Subaika Ali. "Comparative Analysis of Urdu Based Stemming Techniques." Lahore Garrison University Research Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 2, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/lgurjcsit.2018.020348.

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Stemming reduces many variant forms of a word into its base, stem or root, which is necessary for many different language processing application including Urdu. Urdu is a morphologically rich and resourceful language. Multilingual Urdu words are very challenging to process due to complexity of morphology. The Research of Urdu stemming has an age of a decade. The present work introduces a research on Urdu stemmers with better performance as compare to the existing Urdu stemmer.
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Ali Raza Siddique, Muhammad Ahmad, and Dr. Muhammad Asim Mahmood. "Identification of Boosters as Metadiscourse across Punjabi and Urdu Languages: A Machine Translation Approach." Research Journal of Social Sciences and Economics Review (RJSSER) 2, no. 1 (March 7, 2021): 208–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/rjsser-vol2-iss1-2021(208-222).

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Boosters are said to function appropriately as metadiscourse features across languages. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the functions and appropriateness of the metadiscourse features across Punjabi and Urdu languages. For this purpose, a list of 79 boosters (as metadiscourse features) was considered that (boosters) were first transliterated across Punjabi and Urdu languages employing a machine translation process. Punjabi translation was carried through ‘Akhar’ (a software), and Punjabi corpus (a tool). Whereas Urdu translation was realized through online Urdu thesaurus, and ‘ijunoon’ (an online dictionary). Machine transliteration was followed by manual cleansing of Punjabi and Urdu translated wordlists that helped identify boosters in the corpora. Appropriateness of the identified boosters was then realized through expert opinion and Punjabi corpus (for the Punjabi language), and expert opinion, online Urdu thesaurus, and Urdu WordNet (for the Urdu language). This process further guided about how to; make wordlists, filter as well as verify translated words, and offer interactional and interactive metadiscourse categories across Punjabi and Urdu languages.
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DATLA, KAVITA. "A Worldly Vernacular: Urdu at Osmania University." Modern Asian Studies 43, no. 5 (September 2009): 1117–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x08003715.

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AbstractTwinned as Urdu has become with the fate of India's largest religious minority, Muslims, and with the emergence of the independent state of Pakistan, for which Urdu is the official national language, the story of Urdu holds a peculiar place and a special significance in histories of the subcontinent. Stories of the Urdu language are dramatic, bound up as they are in questions of politics, the fate of Hindus and Muslims and the vicissitudes of both the Urdu and the Hindi languages. Though Hindi–Urdu language politics are an important part of these languages' colonial history, this article emphasizes another story. For, like the other vernaculars of south Asia, Urdu had to contend as much with English as with Hindi, and it is that story that is emphasized here. This article details how early-twentieth-century Hyderabad's Urdu educators engaged with questions of native education, language, and Western science. It highlights the discussions and disagreements that accompanied this educational project as Urdu advocates re-evaluated their language and its sources of authority, attempting to make the Urdu language a worldly vernacular, useful for more than the subcontinent's Muslim population.
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Dr. Tahmina Abbas. "The revival of Urdu language and Sir Syed Ahmad Khan." Noor e Tahqeeq 6, no. 04 (November 13, 2022): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/nooretahqeeq.2022.06041830.

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Sir Syed Ahmad Khan had verstyle personality. At the time when Sir Syed's literary period began, there was no notable prose creation in the Urdu language except the story. During this period, Urdu was the spoken language, but Persian was given priority for writing and compilation. Sir Syed's far-sighted eyes examined all these reasons and found ways for the development of Urdu language. With his efforts, Sir Syed made Urdu one of the top languages ​​of the world. He wrote articles in Urdu with fluency and with his influence. His articles published in "Tehbihul-ul-Akhlaq" have priority among Urdu articles. His works written in Urdu language, ‘‘Tarikh Sarkshi Bijnoor’’, ‘‘Risala Asaab Baghawat e Hind’’, “Khutbat-e- Ahmadiyya”, “Aasaar e sanadeed”, are counted among the important works of this period. Sir Syed is the founder of modern Urdu prose. The language has been given an important place among the important languages ​​of the world. In this paper, the efforts made by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan regarding the revival of Urdu language and literature have been studied.
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Bader, Dr Qandeel. "Urdu Ghazal’s Initial and practiced forms in Baluchistan." DARYAFT 15, no. 02 (December 26, 2023): 12–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.52015/daryaft.v15i02.374.

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In Baluchistan, the inception of Urdu poetry was delayed compared to other major literary centers of Urdu. There are several important reasons for this, which, along with the unfamiliarity of this remote region with Urdu as a language, the unavailability of chronological links from a research point of view bears specific importance. According to the known facts, the first voice of Urdu poetry was Mulla Muhammad Hassan Brahui; even after him, this region's poetic journey seems to have been divided into large time gaps. This paper presents an analytical study of Urdu Ghazal, which was created in Baluchistan until the establishment of Pakistan. These initial relics of Urdu Ghazal in Baluchistan are not more than practiced forms, so they mostly fail to present a high specimen of creativity. However, under the influence of this poetic capital, this tradition of Urdu Ghazal got strengthened here in Baluchistan, and afterward, through this route, high and unique features of Urdu Ghazal appeared here, which can be proudly compared to the overall Urdu Ghazal.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Urdu"

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Qaisrani, Sajid Mansoor. "Urdu press in Britain." Islambad : Mashal Publications, 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/22907965.html.

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Lee, Christopher R. "Banaras, Urdu, poetry, poets (India)." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Manetta, Emily Walker. "Peripheries in Kashmiri and Hini-Urdu /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Petievich, Carla Rae. "The two school theory of Urdu literature." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27184.

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The Two School theory, perhaps the most prevalent in Urdu literary criticism, holds that the Delhi School and the Lucknow School comprise the bulk of classical poetry. The two schools are named after the cities of Delhi and Lucknow, Muslim India's two greatest centers of Urdu culture. Dihlavi poetry (the poetry written in Delhi), considered by critics to be truer to the Persian literary tradition than the poetry of Lucknow, is described as emphasizing mystical concerns, Persian styles of composition, and a straightforward, melancholy poetic diction. Lakhnavi poetry (that written in Lucknow) by contrast, is characterized as sensual, frivolous, abstruse, flashy, even decadent. Reasons posited for Lakhnavi poetry's decadence are the deleterious effects of the city's prosperous, even opulent, economic and social climate during the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Delhi's ravaged condition during the same period is likewise considered the cause of Dihlavi poetry's allegedly contrasting, melancholic outlook. The present study challenges the Two School theory on several counts, arguing that it is more an expression of cultural values than the supportable results of rigorous textual analysis. In the first place this study does not recognize the literary distinctions between Dihlavi and Lakhnavi poetry which are claimed by "Two School" critics. Secondly, it places the Two School theory in the context of cultural and political events of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries which touched the two cities of Delhi and Lucknow, including their literary spokespeople. This study's challenge is two-fold: it first traces the development of the Two School theory's articulation in Urdu critical literature. It follows the theory's transition from usually unspecific, subjective statements about Lakhnavi poetry by Urdu's earliest critics, Maulana Azad and Altaf Husain Hali—who were Dihlavi poets themselves—into a full-blown, formal classification of literary distinctions between a "Delhi School" and a "Lucknow School." This later classification was formalized by such twentieth century critics as Abdus Salam Nadvi, Andalib Shadani, Nurul Hasan Hashmi and Abul Lais Siddiqi. The next section challenges both Nadvi*s and Shadani's literary distinctions and their methods of argumentation as well. A comparative study of Dihlavi and Lakhnavi poetry, based on a structurally-controlled sample of verses composed in the same zamin (meter and end-rhyme), suggests that the poetic choices made by any Urdu poet—regardless of his or her domicile—is influenced at least as much by the structural demands of the ghazal form as by societal influences. Following the comparison between Dihlavi and Lakhnavi poetry comes a comparison of the two most important Lakhnavi ghazal poets, Nasikh and Atish. Though named by critics as co-founders of the Lucknow School, their styles are also characterized by the same critics as fundamentally different—some have even called Atish a "Delhi-style" Lucknow poet. This study concurs with the claim that Nasikh and Atish often write in two characteristically different styles, showing various differences in choice which the two exercise. These characteristic differences can be seen in ghazals composed by both poets in a single zamin. as well as in Nasikh's and Atish’s individual address of conventional ghazal themes (mazamin). The differences between the two foremost Lakhnavi poets further challenge the claim that Nasikh and Atish both developed and manifest the characteristic "Lakhnavi" style which forms the basis of a "school" distinction between Dihlavi and Lakhnavi poetry. The concluding chapter argues that despite its literary questionability, the Two School theory endures because it satisfies fundamental elements of Indo-Muslim cultural identification. The theory's origins are tied in with the birth of literary criticism in Urdu, which occurred during a time when political circumstances had caused Indian Muslims to question established perceptions, both of themselves and of their role in Indian society as a whole. The symbolism attached to "Lucknowness" and "Delhiness" seems to reflect these socio-political dynamics better than they reflect text-based analyses of Delhi and Lucknow poetry.
Arts, Faculty of
Asian Studies, Department of
Graduate
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Husain, Razia A. "Urdu Resultive Constructions (A Comparative Analysis of Syntacto-Semantic and Pragmatic Properties of the Compound Verbs in Hindi-Urdu)‎." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ltt_etds/10.

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Among Urdu’s many verb+verb constructions, this thesis focuses on those constructions, which combine the stem of a main content verb with another inflected verb which is used in a semantically bleached sense. Prior work on these constructions has been focused on their structural make-up and syntactic behavior in various environments. While there is consensus among scholars (Butt 1995, Hook 1977, Carnikova 1989, Porizka 2000 et al.) that these stem+verb constructions encode aspectual information, to date no clear theory has been put forward to explain the nature of their aspectual contribution. In short, we do not have a clear idea why these constructions are used instead of simple verbs. This work is an attempt to understand the precise function of these constructions. I propose that simple verbs (henceforth SV) in Urdu deal only with the action of the verb whereas (regardless of the semantic information contributed by the second inflected verb,1) the stem+verb constructions essentially deal with the action of the verb as well as the state of affairs resulting from this action. The event represented by these constructions is essentially a telic event as defined by Comrie (1976), whose resultant state is highlighted from the use of these constructions. The attention of the listener is then shifted to the result of this telic event, whose salience in the discourse is responsible for various interpretations of the event; hence my term ‘resultive construction’ (henceforth RC). When these constructions are made using the four special verbs (rah ‘stay’, sak ‘can’, paa ‘manage’ and cuk ‘finish’), the product is not resultive. Each of these verbs behaves differently and is somewhere between a resultive and an auxiliary verb construction. This work can be extended to other verb-verb construction in Urdu and other related and non-related languages as well. The analysis of the precise function of the RCs can also help in developing a model for them in various functional grammars. The proposed properties of RCs can be utilized in the semantic analysis of the Urdu quantifiers. This work should aid in identification and explanation of constructions in other languages, particularly those that are non-negatable under normal contexts. [1] All second inflected verbs with the exception of four special verbs rah ‘stay’, sak ‘can’, paa ‘manage’ and cuk ‘finish’. These four special verbs are either auxiliaries or modals as identified in prior literature.
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Sulger, Sebastian [Verfasser]. "Modeling Nominal Predications in Hindi/Urdu / Sebastian Sulger." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1129599124/34.

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Hardie, Andrew. "The computational analysis of morphosyntactic categories in Urdu." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2004. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/106/.

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Urdu is a language of the Indo-Aryan family, widely spoken in India and Pakistan, and an important minority language in Europe, North America, and elsewhere. This thesis describes the development of a computer-based system for part-of-speech tagging of Urdu texts, consisting of a tagset, a set of tagging guidelines for manual tagging or post-editing, and the tagger itself. The tagset is defined in accordance with a set of design principles, derived from a survey of good practice in the field of tagset design, including compliance with the EAGLES guidelines on morphosyntactic annotation. These are shown to be extensible to languages, such as Urdu, that are closely related to those languages for which the guidelines were originally devised. The description of Urdu grammar given by Schmidt (1999) is used as a model of the language for the purpose of tagset design. Manual tagging is undertaken using this tagset, by which process a set of tagging guidelines are created, and a set of manually tagged texts to serve as training data is obtained. A rule-based methodology is used here to perform tagging in Urdu. The justification for this choice is discussed. A suite of programs which function together within the Unitag architecture are described. This system (as well as a tokeniser) includes an analyser (Urdutag) based on lexical look-up and word-form analysis, and a disambiguator (Unirule) which removes contextually inappropriate tags using a set of 274 rules. While the system's final performance is not particularly impressive, this is largely due to a paucity of training data leading to a small lexicon, rather than any substantial flaw in the system.
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Ranjan, Rajiv. "Acquisition of ergative case in L2 Hindi-Urdu." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3168.

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This dissertation contributes to an ongoing debate on the types of linguistic features which can be acquired in a second language by looking at the multiple learning challenges related to the ergative case system (the appearance of –ne with the subject) in Hindi-Urdu by classroom learners. Some hypotheses in second language research hold that interpretable features (features which contribute semantic information) can be acquired in a second language, whereas uninterpretable features (features which express grammatical information) cannot be easily acquired, if ever. Additionally, hypotheses in second language processing hold that the second language learners are able to process semantic information but not grammatical information. This dissertation investigates at the acquisition process of second language learners of Hindi-Urdu acquiring the uninterpretable ergative case. In Hindi-Urdu, the subject of a sentence appears with the ergative case marker –ne, when the verb is transitive and in the perfective aspect. In my dissertation, I test the validity of the aforementioned hypotheses and investigate the acquisition and acquisitional process of ergative case in L2 Hindi-Urdu by L1 English speakers by analyzing data collected by using an acceptability/grammaticality judgement task, a self-paced reading task and a production task from Hindi-Urdu learners and native speakers.
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Lampp, Claire M. Melchert H. Craig. "Negation in modern Hindi-Urdu the development of nahII /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,465.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Linguistics." Discipline: Linguistics; Department/School: Linguistics.
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Das, Pradeep Kumar. "Grammatical agreement in Hindi-Urdu and its major varieties /." Muenchen : Lincom Europa, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb402426374.

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Books on the topic "Urdu"

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Ikrāmuddīn, k̲h̲vājah Muḥammad. Urdū mīḍiyā: Urdu media. Naʼī Dihlī: Qaumī Kaunsil barāʼe Farog̲h̲-i Urdū Zubān, 2012.

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Qaumī Kaunsil barāʼe Furog̲h̲-i Urdū Zabān (New Delhi, India), ed. Urdū lisāniyāt: Urdu lisaniyaat. Naʼī Dihlī: Qaumī Kaunsil barāʼe Furog̲h̲-i Urdū Zabān, 2013.

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Ae, Ṣafī Ḥamīd, and Karnāṭak Urdū Akādmī, eds. Kannaḍa-Urdu nighaṇṭu =: Kanṛā-Urdū ḍikshnarī = Kannada-Urdu dictionary. Beṅgaḷūru: Karnāṭaka Urdu Akāḍemi, 1997.

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ʻAbdulḥaq. English-Urdu Urdu-English combined dictionary =: Angrezī-Urdū ḍikshnarī Urdū-Angrezī ḍikshnarī. New Delhi: Star Publications, 2002.

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Fārānī, Saʻīd Aḥmad. Ispirānto-Urdū lug̲h̲at =: Esperanto-Urdu. Islāmb̄ād: Muqtadirah-yi Qaumī Zabān, 1986.

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ʻAbdurrāfiʻ. Jadīd Urdū qaṣīdah: Jadeed Urdu qaseeda. Dihlī: Kitābī Duniyā, 2016.

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Abd-al-Rahman, Barker Muhammad, ed. A Course in Urdu =: [Ibtidāʾī Urdū.]. Ithaca, N.Y: Spoken Language Services, 1993.

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India) Qaumī Kaunsil barāʼe Furog̲h̲-i Urdū Zabān (New Delhi. Urdū-Hindī lug̲h̲at: Urdu-Hindi dictionary. Naʼī Dihlī: Qaumī Kaunsil barāʼe Furog̲h̲-i Urdū Zabān, 2014.

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Muḥammad, Amīn. Japanese Urdu dictionary =: Jāpānī Urdū ḍikshnarī. Lahore: Maktabah al-Quraish, 1988.

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Akbar, Hyder Syed, ed. Let's study Urdu =: Āʼīye Urdū paṛhen̲. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Urdu"

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Kachru, Yamuna, and Tej K. Bhatia. "Hindi-Urdu." In The World's Major Languages, 409–26. Third edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, [2018] | “First edition published by Croom Helm 1987.”: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315644936-23.

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Fariyad, Mohammad. "Urdu television." In Regional Language Television in India, 98–105. London: Routledge India, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429270420-8.

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Pandit, Mohammad Khalid, and Azra Nazir. "Urdu QA: Question Answering System for Urdu Language." In Algorithms for Intelligent Systems, 435–43. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4604-8_35.

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Kidwai, Saleem. "Nazir Akbarabadi (Urdu)." In Same-Sex Love in India, 218–19. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-62183-5_27.

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Kidwai, Saleem. "Nazir Akbarabadi (Urdu)." In Same-Sex Love in India, 218–19. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-05480-7_27.

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Rubin, Aaron D., and Lily Kahn. "Urdu (and Marathi)." In Jewish Languages from A to Z, 189–93. New York : Routledge, [2021]: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351043441-38.

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Russell, Ralph. "Ghalib's Urdu Verse." In Ghalib, 105–31. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003373551-5.

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Farukh, Ammara. "Dyslexia in Urdu." In Dyslexia in Many Languages, 227–35. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003408277-18.

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Farooqi, Mehr Afshan. "Introduction." In Urdu Literary Culture, 1–13. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137026927_1.

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Farooqi, Mehr Afshan. "Quot Rami Tot Arbores: As Many Branches as Many Trees—The University of Allahabad and Beyond." In Urdu Literary Culture, 15–45. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137026927_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Urdu"

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Wisal, Muhammad, Abbas Mustafa, and Umair Arshad. "CMRUTU: Code Mixed Roman Urdu (Roman Urdu and English) to Urdu Translator." In 2022 24th International Multitopic Conference (INMIC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/inmic56986.2022.9972972.

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Khan, Moin, Usama Razzaq, Zeeshan Ahmed, and Syed Yasser Arafat. "Urdu Miner: An Application for Urdu Text Mining." In 2021 16th International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icet54505.2021.9689859.

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Ahmad, F. "Urdu computational lexicon." In International Multi Topic Conference, 2002. Abstracts. INMIC 2002. IEEE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/inmic.2002.1310152.

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Hussain, Sarmad, and Nadir Durrani. "Urdu Domain Names." In 2006 IEEE International Multitopic Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/inmic.2006.358181.

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Hussain, Sarmad. "Urdu localization project." In the Workshop. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1621804.1621825.

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Ali, Abbas Raza, and Maliha Ijaz. "Urdu text classification." In the 6th International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1838002.1838025.

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Ghulam, Saqib Muhammad, and Tariq Rahim Soomro. "Twitter and Urdu." In 2018 International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icomet.2018.8346370.

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Alam, Mehreen, and Sibt ul Hussain. "Sequence to sequence networks for Roman-Urdu to Urdu transliteration." In 2017 20th International Multi-topic Conference (INMIC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/inmic.2017.8289449.

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Harris, Sheetal, Jinshuo Liu, Hassan Jalil Hadi, and Yue Cao. "Ax-to-Grind Urdu: Benchmark Dataset for Urdu Fake News Detection." In 2023 IEEE 22nd International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/trustcom60117.2023.00343.

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Mumtaz, Benazir, Tina Bögel, and Miriam Butt. "Lexical Stress in Urdu." In Interspeech 2020. ISCA: ISCA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2020-2942.

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Reports on the topic "Urdu"

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Gurung, M. B., Uma Pratap, N. C. T. D. Shrestha, H. K. Sharma, N. Islam, and N. B. Tamang. Beekeeping Training for Farmers in Afghanistan: Resource Manual for Trainers [in Urdu]. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.564.

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Beekeeping contributes to rural development by supporting agricultural production through pollination and by providing honey, wax, and other products for home use and sale. It offers a good way for resource-poor farmers in the Hindu Kush Himalayas to obtain income, as it requires only a small start-up investment, can be carried out in a small space close to the home, and generally yields profits within a year of operation. A modern approach to bee management, using frame hives and focusing on high quality, will help farmers benefit most fully from beekeeping. This manual is designed to help provide beekeepers with the up-to-date training they need. It presents an inclusive curriculum developed through ICIMOD’s work with partner organizations in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Nepal, supported by the Austrian Development Agency. A wide range of stakeholders – trainers, trainees, government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), associations and federations, and private entrepreneurs – were engaged in the identification of curriculum needs and in development and testing of the curriculum. The manual covers the full range of beekeeping-related topics, including the use of bees for crop pollination; production of honey, wax and other hive products; honey quality standards; and using value chain and market management to increase beekeepers’ benefits. It also includes emerging issues and innovations regarding such subjects as indigenous honeybees, gender and equity, integrated pest management, and bee-related policy. The focus is on participatory hands-on training, with clear explanations in simple language and many illustrations. The manual provides a basic resource for trainers and field extension workers in government and NGOs, universities, vocational training institutes, and private sector organizations, and for local trainers in beekeeping groups, beekeeping resource centres, cooperatives, and associations, for use in training Himalayan farmers. Individual ICIMOD regional member countries are planning local language editions adapted for their countries’ specific conditions.
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Aminzadeh, A. R., and Wade Shen. Low-Resource Speech Translation of Urdu to English Using Semi-Supervised Part-of-Speech Tagging and Transliteration. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada519247.

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Stritzinger, Laurel Elaine Winter, Ross David Mcdonald, Neil Harrison, P. J. W. Moll, A. Shekhter, B. J. Ramshaw, and Eric Dietzgen Bauer. Electric Field Effects on the Hidden Order of Microstructured URu2Si2. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1351216.

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Ran, S., I. Jeon, N. Kanchanavatee, K. Huang, M. B. Maple, A. Gallagher, K. Chen, D. Graf, R. E. Baumbach, and John Singleton. Phase diagram of URu2-xFexSi2 in high magnetic fields. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1345910.

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Balda, Taras. ISSUES OF PACIFISM AND MILITARISM OF LIBERATION STRUGGLE IN UKRAINIAN DIASPORA PUBLICATIONS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11390.

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Subject of the article’s study – journalism of Ukrainian diaspora publications on the topic of liberation struggle of Ukrainian nation. The author emphasizes on variations of such a struggle, in particular on traditions of militarism and pacifism. A lot of Ukrainians who lived outside of Ukraine, because of third wave of emigration, used to believe that the USA will start another world war, will deal with the USSR and in this way will help Ukraine become independent. Similar thoughts were fundamental thesis of so-called «liberation conception». Such theories and hopes were outlined in columns of such magazines as «Visti Combatanta», «Vyzvolnyi Shliakh». But another part of political emigrants, concentrated around OUN (w) and URDP, positions of which were represented in such publications as «Ukrainskyi samostiynyk» and «Nashi posytsii», problem of Ukrainian independence tried not to deceive to war between the USA and the USSR and considered nonviolent methods of government change. Similar thoughts had the authors of «Suchasnist» and «Lysty do Pryiateliv». Time and historical realities showed that were right those journalists who believed in evolutionary, not revolutionary, theory of state development. Ukraine was able to become independent peacefully after the USSR decay and creation of sovereign states. Among this, modern Ukrainian society still lacks respect to Ukrainian army, nurturing of traditions of military valor, honor and justice, to which even diaspora journalists paid attention in the previous century.
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Huizenga, Cornie, and Stefan Bakker. NAMAs in the Transport Sector: Case Studies from Brazil, Indonesia, Mexico and the People's Republic of China. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008653.

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This report is adapted from the forthcoming Climate Instruments for the Transport Sector (CITS) report written by Cornie Huizenga, convener of the Partnership for Sustainable Low Carbon Transport (SLoCaT), and Stefan Bakker, from the Energy Research Center of the Netherlands. Under the CITS project, studies were carried out in two Asian and two Latin American cities to explore how NAMAs, a new financial mechanism being developed under the UNFCCC, may support emissions reductions from urban transport policies and programs. The authors received valuable input from: Dario Hidalgo, from EMBARQ/World Resources Institute, for the Belo Horizonte case study; Frederic Rudolph, Urda Eichhorst and Wolfgang Sterk, from Wuppertal Institute, for the Hefei case study; Holger Dalkmann and Ko Sakamoto, from Transport Research Laboratory, for the Jakarta case study; and Martina Jung and Christian Ellermann, from ECOFYS, for the Mexico case study. This report was edited by Peter Shifter. The CITS project was guided by Rafael Acevedo-Daunas, Maria Cordeiro, Vera Lucia Vicentini, Maria Netto and Francisco Arango at the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), and by Jamie Leather and Sharad Saxena at the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The two case studies in Asian cities were financed by the ADB, and the two Latin American studies by the IDB. The combined report was financed by the ADB and the publication financed by the IDB as part of a combined effort within an MOU signed by both institutions and their participation in the SLoCaT partnership.
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Medling, S. A., C. H. Booth, J. G. Tobin, R. E. Baumbach, E. D. Bauer, D. Sokaras, D. Nordlund, and T. C. Weng. Probing the f-state configuration of URu2Si2 with U LIII-edge resonant x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1240934.

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Strategy 2030: Achieving a Prosperous, Inclusive, Resilient, and Sustainable Asia and the Pacific in Urdu. Asian Development Bank, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tcs189473-3.

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Port Moresby Branch premises, Territory of Papua New Guinea - Interior - Ginate Harry and Uru Lau, native staff attending to CSB enquiries 1959. Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-002390.

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