Relevant bibliographies by topics / Viral antigen

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Viral antigen'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 1 April 2023
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Viral antigen"

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Doan, Thu A., Johnathon Schafer, Erin D. Lucas, and Beth Tamburini. "Antigen archiving promotes secondary CD8+ T cell memory responses during an unrelated infection." Journal of Immunology 206, no. 1_Supplement (2021): 102.06. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.102.06.

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Abstract Numerous studies have shown viral antigens can persist in lymph nodes after resolution of the infection. We showed that lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), which comprise the lymphatic vasculature necessary for antigen drainage from the tissue, is the predominant cell type required for the persistence of antigen within the lymph node. We termed this process antigen archiving due the ability of LECs to actively archive antigens to which an immune response has occurred. This process involves antigen acquisition, retention, and exchange of the antigen between LECs and dendritic cells (DC
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Antonuk, A., O. Dyshkant та O. Nikitin. "ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ТЕРМІНУ ЗБЕРІГАННЯ ТА СТАБІЛЬНОСТІ ІНФЕКЦІЙНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ КУЛЬТУРАЛЬНИХ АНТИГЕНІВ ШТАМУ ГВК 1 Ж ТА КЛОНУ ГВК 2 ТТ ДЛЯ ПОСТАНОВКИ РДП". Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology 18, № 3(70) (2016): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7002.

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Getting a culture herpesviridae antigens first and second types is possible using cell cultures inoculated epithelial pig testicles and tracheal calf respectively. The incubation herpesviridae first and second types should be conducted on the above lines in cell culture incubator at a temperature of 37,5 °C for up to 10 days. To maximize the release of virus from cell culture fluid viral after incubation need three frozen at temperatures from –18 °C to + 20 °C. The resulting liquid is purified viral the culture by centrifugation. Determining the infectious activity of the culture liquid viral
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Tewalt, Eric Franklin, Jean M. Grant, Erica L. Granger, Keri B. Donohue, and Chris C. Norbury. "Viral Sequestration of Antigen Subverts Cross Priming (93.14)." Journal of Immunology 178, no. 1_Supplement (2007): S168. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.93.14.

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Abstract Antigens driven by poxvirus late promoters are produced in much larger quantities than those driven by early promoters both in vitro and in vivo. Despite the abundance of protein produced, antigens driven by late poxvirus promoters typically induce a low or undetectable CD8+ T cell response following immunization in vivo, while those driven by early promoters induce a significant response. We show that antigen driven by late promoters is not expressed in primary dendritic cells, preventing induction of naïve CD8+ T cells via the direct presentation pathway. However, it is puzzling wh
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Reignat, Stephanie, George J. M. Webster, David Brown, et al. "Escaping High Viral Load Exhaustion." Journal of Experimental Medicine 195, no. 9 (2002): 1089–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20011723.

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Deletion, anergy, and a spectrum of functional impairments can affect virus-specific CD8 cells in chronic viral infections. Here we characterize a low frequency population of CD8 cells present in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection which survive in the face of a high quantity of viral antigen. Although they do not appear to exert immunological pressure in vivo, these CD8 cells are not classically “tolerant” since they proliferate, lyse, and produce antiviral cytokines in vitro. They are characterized by altered HLA/peptide tetramer reactivity, which is not explained by TCR down-regulatio
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Storset, A. K., Ø. Evensen, and E. Rimstad. "Immunohistochemical Identification of Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus in Paraffin-embedded Specimens from Naturally Infected Goats." Veterinary Pathology 34, no. 3 (1997): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589703400302.

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The expression of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus capsid protein was studied in seropositive naturally infected asymptomatic goats (10), seropositive naturally infected encephalitic kids (12) and goats (4), and noninfected control goats (3). Rabbit antiserum to recombinant viral capsid and matrix proteins were used in a biotin-streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase complex immunohistochemical method on sections of formalin-and ethanol-fixed tissue specimens. Macrophages in inflamed areas of the lung (8/12), in the brain (5/16), and in the spinal cord (4/16) from encephalitic animals harbored v
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Ramakrishnan, Kamna, and Darren R. Flower. "Discriminating antigen and non-antigen using proteome dissimilarity II: viral and fungal antigens." Bioinformation 5, no. 1 (2010): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630005035.

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Sullivan, Christopher S., and James M. Pipas. "T Antigens of Simian Virus 40: Molecular Chaperones for Viral Replication and Tumorigenesis." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 66, no. 2 (2002): 179–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.66.2.179-202.2002.

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SUMMARY Simian virus 40 (SV40) is a small DNA tumor virus that has been extensively characterized due to its relatively simple genetic organization and the ease with which its genome is manipulated. The large and small tumor antigens (T antigens) are the major regulatory proteins encoded by SV40. Large T antigen is responsible for both viral and cellular transcriptional regulation, virion assembly, viral DNA replication, and alteration of the cell cycle. Deciphering how a single protein can perform such numerous and diverse functions has remained elusive. Recently it was established that the S
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Ayinde, Diana, Timothée Bruel, Sylvain Cardinaud, et al. "SAMHD1 Limits HIV-1 Antigen Presentation by Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells." Journal of Virology 89, no. 14 (2015): 6994–7006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00069-15.

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ABSTRACTMonocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC) stimulate CD8+cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) by presenting endogenous and exogenous viral peptides via major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules. MDDC are poorly susceptible to HIV-1, in part due to the presence of SAMHD1, a cellular enzyme that depletes intracellular deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) and degrades viral RNA. Vpx, an HIV-2/SIVsm protein absent from HIV-1, antagonizes SAMHD1 by inducing its degradation. The impact of SAMHD1 on the adaptive cellular immune response remains poorly characterized. Here, we asked whe
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Fleischer, B., H. Becht, and R. Rott. "Recognition of viral antigens by human influenza A virus-specific T lymphocyte clones." Journal of Immunology 135, no. 4 (1985): 2800–2804. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.135.4.2800.

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Abstract The nature of the viral antigens recognized by influenza A virus-immune cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) is still a matter of debate. We have used four human influenza A virus-specific T lymphocyte clones with antigen-specific cytotoxic and proliferative activity to investigate the requirements for recognition of viral antigens on infected cells. One clone recognized a cross-reactive determinant on the viral hemagglutinin, and two clones were specific for different epitopes on the viral nucleoprotein (NP). A fourth clone seemed to be specific for the viral M protein. Target cell recognit
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Hirano, Minato, Kentaro Yoshii, Mizuki Sakai, Rie Hasebe, Osamu Ichii, and Hiroaki Kariwa. "Tick-borne flaviviruses alter membrane structure and replicate in dendrites of primary mouse neuronal cultures." Journal of General Virology 95, no. 4 (2014): 849–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.061432-0.

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Neurological diseases caused by encephalitic flaviviruses are severe and associated with high levels of mortality. However, detailed mechanisms of viral replication in the brain and features of viral pathogenesis remain poorly understood. We carried out a comparative analysis of replication of neurotropic flaviviruses: West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), in primary cultures of mouse brain neurons. All the flaviviruses multiplied well in primary neuronal cultures from the hippocampus, cerebral cortex and cerebellum. The distribution of viral-sp
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Viral antigen"

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Clayton, Anne-Louise. "Immunoassays for viral antigen detection in clinical specimens." Thesis, Open University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254677.

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Kučinskaitė-, Kodzė Indrė. "Production, Characterization And Application Of New Monoclonal Antibodies Against Viral Antigens." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110630_104940-67693.

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The dissertation describes development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against recombinant yeast-expressed antigens: nucleocapsid (N) proteins of human parainfluenza virus type 3, Menangle virus, hantavirus and rabies virus. The newly developed antibodies were investigated by different immunochemical assays for their specificity, affinity and ability to recognize native viruses in infected cells. It was determined that the antibodies raised against recombinant yeast-expressed viral proteins are suitable to identify virusinfected cells. These data confirmed that recombinant yeast-
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Nastke, Maria-Dorothea. "T-cell epitopes from viral and tumor associated antigens induction and analysis of antigen-specific T cells /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB12168223.

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Chen, Yun-Chi. "Control of immune response and pathogenesis by antigen during viral infection." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413974.

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Glew, Elizabeth Jane. "The interaction of bovine viral diarrhoea virus with antigen presenting cells." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312578.

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Biswas, Sumi. "Prime boost vaccination with viral vectors targeting apical membrane antigen 1." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a17ab4e4-9b81-4ab3-b02f-41d9da36c6ab.

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Apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) is a leading candidate vaccine antigen against blood stage malaria and several clinical trials using mostly protein-in-adjuvant vaccines have shown limited success. This thesis describes the development of recombinant adenoviral (AdHu5) and poxviral (MVA) vectors encoding AMA1 from Plasmodium chabaudi murine parasites. In this murine malaria model, AdHu5 and MVA encoding AMA1 when used in a heterologous prime boost regime showed excellent immunogenicity, both humoral and cellular. The vaccination regime was protective against blood stage challenge and both anti
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Wong, Hiu-ling Beatrice. "Development of antibody and antigen detection assays and vaccines for SARS associated coronavirus." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39634024.

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Wong, Hiu-ling Beatrice, and 黃曉靈. "Development of antibody and antigen detection assays and vaccines for SARS associated coronavirus." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39634024.

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Bhati, Anubhuti. "EXPRESSION OF HEPATITIS C VIRAL NON-STRUCTURAL 3 ANTIGEN IN TRANSGENIC CHLOROPLASTS." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3076.

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Hepatitis C viral infection is the major cause of acute hepatitis and chronic liver disease and remains the leading cause of liver transplants (NIH). An estimated 180 million people are infected globally (WHO). There is no vaccine available to prevent hepatitis C. The treatment with antiviral drugs is expensive, accompanied with various side effects and is limited only to those at risk of developing advanced liver disease. The treatment is also effective in only about 30% to 50% of treated patients and still a high percentage of patients are resistant to therapy. Therefore, there is an urgent
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Lee, Sang-Ryul. "Bovine viral diarrhea virus infections affect professional antigen presentation in bovine monocytes." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-10222007-092315.

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Books on the topic "Viral antigen"

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1929-, Laver William Graeme, Air Gillian, and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, eds. Immune recognition of protein antigens. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1985.

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Pollwein, Peter. Spezifische Bindungsstellen von SV40 T-Antigen im zellulären Mausgenom. Hartung-Gorre, 1987.

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Kyuhei, Tomonari, ed. Viral superantigens. CRC Press, 1997.

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Kang, Chʻang-yul. Pairŏsŭ pektʻŏ ro hyŏngjil toiptoen hangwŏn chesi sepʻo ŭi myŏnyŏk chʻiryoje yuhyosŏng pʻyŏngka mit sihŏmpŏp yŏnʼgu =: Development and estimation of immunotherapeutic cell-based vaccine approaches using antigen presenting cells transduced with viral vector. Sikpʻum Ŭiyakpʻum Anjŏnchʻŏng, 2007.

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International Symposium on the Immunobiology of Proteins and Peptides (3rd 1984 Tahoe City, Calif.). Immunobiology of proteins and peptides III: Viral and bacterial antigens. Plenum Press, 1985.

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R, Burton Dennis, ed. Antibodies in viral infection. Springer, 2001.

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1937-, Cruse Julius M., and Lewis R. E. 1947-, eds. Antigenic variation: Molecular and genetic mechanisms of relapsing disease. Karger, 1987.

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Jan W.M. van Lent. Localization of viral antigens in leaf protoplasts and plants by immunogold labelling. [s.n.], 1988.

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Van Regenmortel, M. H. V. and Neurath A. Robert, eds. Immunochemistry of viruses II: The basis for serodiagnosis and vaccines. Elsevier, 1990.

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G, Craig Alister, and Scherf Artur, eds. Antigenic variation. Academic, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Viral antigen"

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Leland, Diane S., and Ryan F. Relich. "Viral Antigen Detection." In Clinical Virology Manual. ASM Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555819156.ch8.

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Jazayeri, Seyed Mohammad, Seyed Moayed Alavian, Payam Dindoost, Howard C. Thomas, and Peter Karayiannis. "Molecular Variants of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg)." In Viral Hepatitis. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118637272.ch8.

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Tevethia, Satvir S. "Heterogeneity of CTL Reactive Antigenic Sites on SV40 Tumor Antigen." In Concepts in Viral Pathogenesis II. Springer New York, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4958-0_21.

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Whitton, J. Lindsay, and Michael B. A. Oldstone. "Antigen Recognition by Cytotoxic T Cells." In Concepts in Viral Pathogenesis III. Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8890-6_15.

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Krawczynski, K. "Identification of HCV-associated antigen(s) in hepatocytes." In Chronically Evolving Viral Hepatitis. Springer Vienna, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-5633-9_41.

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Petre, J., T. Rutgers, and P. Hauser. "Properties of a recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B surface antigen containing S, preS2 and preSl antigenic domains." In Chronically Evolving Viral Hepatitis. Springer Vienna, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-5633-9_30.

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Praest, Patrique, Hendrik de Buhr, and Emmanuel J. H. J. Wiertz. "A Flow Cytometry-Based Approach to Unravel Viral Interference with the MHC Class I Antigen Processing and Presentation Pathway." In Antigen Processing. Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9450-2_14.

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Horst, Daniëlle, Maaike E. Ressing, Arend Mulder, and Emmanuel J. H. J. Wiertz. "Evaluation of Viral Interference with MHC Class I-Restricted Antigen Processing and Presentation Using a Flow Cytometry-Based Approach." In Antigen Processing. Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-218-6_10.

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Schmid, Dorothee, and Christian Münz. "Endogenous Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Antigen Processing of Viral Antigens." In Autophagy in Immunity and Infection. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/352760880x.ch12.

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Ferrari, C., Amalia Penna, A. Bertoletti, and F. Fiaccadori. "Cell mediated immune response to hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid antigen." In Research in Chronic Viral Hepatitis. Springer Vienna, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9312-9_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Viral antigen"

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Reuter, Sebastian, Nina Dehzad, Helen Martin, et al. "Viral Components Enhance Antigen Presentation And Induce Sensitization Towards Harmless Inhaled Antigens." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a5631.

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Jain, Akshat, and Shamik Tiwari. "Prediction and Visualisation of Viral Genome Antigen Using Deep Learning & Artificial Intelligence." In 2021 5th International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccmc51019.2021.9418356.

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Scott, Gregory D., David B. Jacoby, and Allison D. Fryer. "Changes In Sensory Innervation Of The Airways After Antigen Challenge And Viral Infection." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a5543.

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Tynyo, Yaroslav Yaroslavovich, Elena Igorevna Yarygina, Varvara Andreevna Ustinova, Magdalena Trofimovna Vidrashko, and Galina Vadimovna Morozova. "ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF ALLOKIN-ALPHA AGAINST BIRDS HERPESVIRUS." In Themed collection of papers from Foreign intemational scientific conference «Joint innovation - joint development». Medical sciences . Part 2. Ьу НNRI «National development» in cooperation with PS of UA. June 2023. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/230629.2023.95.55.023.

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Studies have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of the drug "Allokin-alpha" in the simulation of experimental viral infection in vivo at an agricultural poultry (day-old chickens) including: vaccination vaccine strain of HTV, monitoring of vaccinated poultry, the taking the study material from the vaccinated poultry, obtaining test material (an extract of feather follicles) from vaccinated birds. Specific antigen was detected in the epithelium of feather follicles by the diffusion precipitation in a gel). The results of the dynamics of antigen detection in the material obtained from th
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D’Souza, Alicia, Ryuhjin Ahn, GBM TeamLab, and Forest White. "1368 Characterizing changes in antigen presentation of glioblastoma tumors in response to oncolytic viral therapy." In SITC 39th Annual Meeting (SITC 2024) Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2024-sitc2024.1368.

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Ramona, Stoicescu, Stoicescu Razvan-Alexandru, Codrin Gheorghe, and Schroder Verginica. "LABORATORY METHODS AND PREVALENCE OF SARS-COV-2 INFECTIONS IN THE 2ND SEMESTER OF 2021 IN THE EMERGENCY CLINICAL COUNTY HOSPITAL OF CONSTANTA." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/11.

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"Diagnosing infections with SARS-CoV-2 is still of great interest due to the health and economic impact of COVID pandemic. The 4th wave of the COVID-19 pandemic is expected and is considered to be stronger and faster due to the dominance of Delta variant which is highly contagious [1]. SARS-CoV-2 also known as 2019-nCoV is one of the three coronaviruses (together with SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV1/Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus), MERS-CoV /Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus) which can cause severe respiratory tract infections in humans [2]. Early diagnosis in COVID 19 infectio
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Zhou, Luoyi Zhou, Ashenafi Kiros Wubshet, Jiangrong Zhang, et al. "The mRNA Vaccine Expressing Single and Fused Structural Proteins of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Induces Strong Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses in BalB/C Mice." In БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ: НАУЧНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И СВЯЗЬ С ПРОИЗВОДСТВОМ. Всероссийский научно-исследовательский и технологический институт биологической промышленности, 2024. https://doi.org/10.47804/978-5-89904-038-2-2024-83-89.

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a viral disease that causes significant economic losses. The development of a new and effective vaccine is key to the spread of the virus within the farm. Several vaccinations against PRRSV have been carried out using both traditional and alternative vaccines. Unfortunately, there is currently no vaccine that can completely stop this disease. Thus, our study aimed to develop an mRNA vaccine using antigens based on individual or fused PRRSV structural proteins. In this study, the nucleotide sequence of immunogenic mRNA was determined takin
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Kurashova, S., M. Egorova, A. Vetrova, et al. "IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECT OF ADJUVANTS IN THE EXPERIMENTAL HANTAVIRUS VACCINE." In X Международная конференция молодых ученых: биоинформатиков, биотехнологов, биофизиков, вирусологов и молекулярных биологов — 2023. Novosibirsk State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1526-1-96.

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Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a viral non-transmissible zoonosis that occupies a leading position among natural focal human diseases in the Russian Federation. In view of the lack of etiotropic drugs for the treatment of this infection, the development of an effective preventive vaccine is of particular importance. In order to reduce the amount of antigen, increase the immunogenicity and reduce reactogenicity, we studied the adjuvants of various origins in the experimental vaccine against HFRS.
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Krasnikova, S. I., S. V. Sharabrin, L. A. Kisakova, and L. I. Karpenko. "EFFECT OF VARIOUS MODIFIED NUCLEOTIDES ON IMMUNOGENICITY OF INFLUENZA MRNA VACCINE." In XI МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ МОЛОДЫХ УЧЕНЫХ: БИОИНФОРМАТИКОВ, БИОТЕХНОЛОГОВ, БИОФИЗИКОВ, ВИРУСОЛОГОВ, МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫХ БИОЛОГОВ И СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ. IPC NSU, 2024. https://doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1691-6-250.

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mRNA vaccines have shown great promise for the development of potential vaccines against viral infections. In this work, we determined the effect of modified nucleotides on the immunogenicity of mRNA encoding the H1N1 influenza virus antigen. The study of modified nucleotides in mRNA has made it possible to successfully master the technology of mRNA vaccines, as they affect the stability of the molecule, translation, and activation of the immune system, which contributes to the creation of effective vaccines.
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Huong, Ngo Thu, La Huy Hoang, and Truong Quoc Phong. "Cloning and Expression of a Recombinant Envelope Domain III Antigen From a Dengue 1 Serotype Viral Isolate in Escherichia Coli." In 2023 1st International Conference on Health Science and Technology (ICHST). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ichst59286.2023.10565323.

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Reports on the topic "Viral antigen"

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Vakharia, Vikram, Shoshana Arad, Yonathan Zohar, Yacob Weinstein, Shamila Yusuff, and Arun Ammayappan. Development of Fish Edible Vaccines on the Yeast and Redmicroalgae Platforms. United States Department of Agriculture, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699839.bard.

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Betanodaviruses are causative agents of viral nervous necrosis (VNN), a devastating disease of cultured marine fish worldwide. Betanodavirus (BTN) genome is composed of two single-stranded, positive-sense RNA molecules. The larger genomic segment, RNA1 (3.1 kb), encodes the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, while the smaller genomic segment, RNA 2 (1.4kb), encodes the coat protein. This structural protein is the host-protective antigen of VNN which assembles to form virus-like particles (VLPs). BTNs are classified into four genotypes, designated red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV),
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2

Gershoni, Jonathan M., David E. Swayne, Tal Pupko, et al. Discovery and reconstitution of cross-reactive vaccine targets for H5 and H9 avian influenza. United States Department of Agriculture, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7699854.bard.

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Research objectives: Identification of highly conserved B-cell epitopes common to either H5 or H9 subtypes of AI Reconstruction of conserved epitopes from (1) as recombinantimmunogens, and testing their suitability to be used as universal vaccine components by measuring their binding to Influenza vaccinated sera of birds Vaccination of chickens with reconstituted epitopes and evaluation of successful vaccination, clinical protection and viral replication Development of a platform to investigate the dynamics of immune response towards infection or an epitope based vaccine Estimate our ability t
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3

Kotler, Moshe, Larry Hanson, and Shane Burgess. Replication Defective Cyprinid Herpes Virus-3 (CyHV-3) as a Combined Prophylactic Vaccine in Carps. United States Department of Agriculture, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7697104.bard.

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Aquacultured koi and common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) are intensively bred as ornamental and food fish in many countries worldwide. Hatcheries of carp and koi have recently suffered massive financial damages due to two viral diseases caused by the Cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3), previously designated as Carp Interstitial Nephritis and Gill Necrosis Virus (CNGV) and Koi herpesvirus (KHV), and by the Spring Viremia of Carp Virus (SVCV). CyHV-3 is a large dsDNA virus, which is infectious mostly to koi and common carp, while SVCV is a rhabdovirus with a relatively broad host range. Both viruses
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4

Malkinson, Mertyn, Irit Davidson, Moshe Kotler, and Richard L. Witter. Epidemiology of Avian Leukosis Virus-subtype J Infection in Broiler Breeder Flocks of Poultry and its Eradication from Pedigree Breeding Stock. United States Department of Agriculture, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586459.bard.

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Objectives 1. Establish diagnostic procedures to identify tolerant carrier birds based on a) Isolation of ALV-J from blood, b) Detection of group-specific antigen in cloacal swabs and egg albumen. Application of these procedures to broiler breeder flocks with the purpose of removing virus positive birds from the breeding program. 2. Survey the AL V-J infection status of foundation lines to estimate the feasibility of the eradication program 3. Investigate virus transmission through the embryonated egg (vertical) and between chicks in the early post-hatch period (horizontal). Establish a model
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5

Mawassi, Munir, Adib Rowhani, Deborah A. Golino, Avichai Perl, and Edna Tanne. Rugose Wood Disease of Grapevine, Etiology and Virus Resistance in Transgenic Vines. United States Department of Agriculture, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586477.bard.

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Rugose wood is a complex disease of grapevines, which occurs in all growing areas. The disease is spread in the field by vector transmission (mealybugs). At least five elongated-phloem- limited viruses are implicated in the various rugose wood disorders. The most fully characterized of these are Grapevine virus A (GV A) and GVB, members of a newly established genus, the vitivirus. GVC, a putative vitivirus, is much less well characterized than GV A or GVB. The information regarding the role of GVC in the etiology and epidemiology of rugose wood is fragmentary and no sequence data for GVC are a
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Dolja, Valerian V., Amit Gal-On, and Victor Gaba. Suppression of Potyvirus Infection by a Closterovirus Protein. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580682.bard.

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The plant virus family Polyviridae is the largest and most destructive of all plant viruses. Despite the continuous effort to develop resistant plant varieties, there is a desperate need for novel approaches conferring wide-range potyvirus resistance. Based on experiments with the tobacco etch potyvirus (TEV)-derived gene expression vector, we suggested approach for screening of the candidate resistance genes. This approach relies on insertion of the genes into a virus vector and evaluation of the phenotypes of the resulting recombinant viruses. The genes which suppress infection by the recomb
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